scholarly journals Investigation on Various Aboveground Traits to Identify Drought Tolerance in Cowpea Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1757-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waltram Ravelombola ◽  
Ainong Shi ◽  
Jun Qin ◽  
Yuejin Weng ◽  
Gehendra Bhattarai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Delayed Senescence ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Effects Of Drought

Impacts of drought stress on crop production can significantly impair farmer’s revenue, hence adversely impacting the gross national product growth. For cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], which is a legume of economic importance, effects of drought at early vegetative growth could lead to substantial yield losses. However, little has been done with respect to breeding for cowpea cultivars withstanding drought at early vegetative growth. In addition, previous investigations have focused on how plant morphology and root architecture can confer drought tolerance in cowpea, which is not sufficient in efforts to unravel unknown drought tolerance–related genetic mechanisms, potentially of great importance in breeding, and not pertaining to either plant morphology or root architecture. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate aboveground drought-related traits of cowpea genotypes at seedling stage. A total of 30 cowpea genotypes were greenhouse grown within boxes and the experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates. Drought stress was imposed for 28 days. Data on a total of 17 aboveground-related traits were collected. Results showed the following: 1) a large variation in these traits was found among the genotypes; 2) more trifoliate wilt/chlorosis tolerance but more unifoliate wilt/chlorosis susceptible were observed; 3) delayed senescence was related to the ability of maintaining a balanced chlorophyll content in both unifoliate and trifoliate leaves; and 4) the genotypes PI293469, PI349674, and PI293568 were found to be slow wilting and drought tolerant. These results could contribute to advancing breeding programs for drought tolerance in cowpea.

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

Penconazole and calcium ameliorate drought stress in canola by upregulating the antioxidative enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Rezayian ◽  
Vahid Niknam ◽  
Hassan Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Effects Of Drought

The aim of this research was to gauge the alternations in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activity in two cultivars (cv. RGS003 and cv. Sarigol) of canola under drought stress and drought tolerance amelioration by penconazole (PEN) and calcium (Ca). Plants were treated with different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 15%) without or with PEN (15 mg L–1) and Ca (15 mM). The Ca treatment prevented the negative effects of drought on fresh weight (FW) in RGS003 and Sarigol at 5 and 15% PEG respectively. Ca and PEN/Ca treatments caused significant induction in the proline content in Sarigol at 15% PEG; the latter treatment was accompanied by higher glycine betaine (GB), lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and growth recovery. Hydrogen peroxide (HO2) content in Sarigol was proportional to the severity of drought stress and all PEN, Ca and PEN/Ca treatments significantly reduced the H2O2 content. PEN and PEN/Ca caused alleviation of the drought-induced oxidative stress in RGS003. RGS003 cultivar exhibited significantly higher antioxidative enzymes activity at most levels of drought, which could lead to its drought tolerance and lower MDA content. In contrast to that of Sarigol, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased with Ca and PEN/Ca treatments in RGS003 under low stress. The application of PEN and Ca induced significantly P5CS and SOD expression in RGS003 under drought stress after 24 h. Overall, these data demonstrated that PEN and Ca have the ability to enhance the tolerance against the drought stress in canola plants.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Enhancement of drought tolerance in diverse Vicia faba cultivars by inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under newly reclaimed soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Hany A. M. Mahgoub ◽  
Samir A. Mahgoub ◽  
El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽  
Mohamed I. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Effects Of Drought

AbstractWater deficit has devastating impacts on legume production, particularly with the current abrupt climate changes in arid environments. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective approach for producing natural nitrogen and attenuating the detrimental effects of drought stress. This study investigated the influence of inoculation with the PGPR Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (USDA 2435) and Pseudomonas putida (RA MTCC5279) solely or in combination on the physio-biochemical and agronomic traits of five diverse Vicia faba cultivars under well-watered (100% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]), moderate drought (75% ETc), and severe drought (50% ETc) conditions in newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil. Drought stress substantially reduced the expression of photosynthetic pigments and water relation parameters. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased in plants under drought stress compared with those in well-watered plants. These adverse effects of drought stress reduced crop water productivity (CWP) and seed yield‐related traits. However, the application of PGPR, particularly a consortium of both strains, improved these parameters and increased seed yield and CWP. The evaluated cultivars displayed varied tolerance to drought stress: Giza-843 and Giza-716 had the highest tolerance under well-watered and moderate drought conditions, whereas Giza-843 and Sakha-4 were more tolerant under severe drought conditions. Thus, co-inoculation of drought-tolerant cultivars with R. leguminosarum and P. putida enhanced their tolerance and increased their yield and CWP under water-deficit stress conditions. This study showed for the first time that the combined use of R. leguminosarum and P. putida is a promising and ecofriendly strategy for increasing drought tolerance in legume crops.

scholarly journals Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kibrom B. Abreha ◽  
Muluken Enyew ◽  
Anders S. Carlsson ◽  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Source Sink

Abstract Main conclusion Droughts negatively affect sorghum’s productivity and nutritional quality. Across its diversity centers, however, there exist resilient genotypes that function differently under drought stress at various levels, including molecular and physiological. Abstract Sorghum is an economically important and a staple food crop for over half a billion people in developing countries, mostly in arid and semi-arid regions where drought stress is a major limiting factor. Although sorghum is generally considered tolerant, drought stress still significantly hampers its productivity and nutritional quality across its major cultivation areas. Hence, understanding both the effects of the stress and plant response is indispensable for improving drought tolerance of the crop. This review aimed at enhancing our understanding and provide more insights on drought tolerance in sorghum as a contribution to the development of climate resilient sorghum cultivars. We summarized findings on the effects of drought on the growth and development of sorghum including osmotic potential that impedes germination process and embryonic structures, photosynthetic rates, and imbalance in source-sink relations that in turn affect seed filling often manifested in the form of substantial reduction in grain yield and quality. Mechanisms of sorghum response to drought-stress involving morphological, physiological, and molecular alterations are presented. We highlighted the current understanding about the genetic basis of drought tolerance in sorghum, which is important for maximizing utilization of its germplasm for development of improved cultivars. Furthermore, we discussed interactions of drought with other abiotic stresses and biotic factors, which may increase the vulnerability of the crop or enhance its tolerance to drought stress. Based on the research reviewed in this article, it appears possible to develop locally adapted cultivars of sorghum that are drought tolerant and nutrient rich using modern plant breeding techniques.

Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on foliar anthocyanin accumulation and drought tolerance in purple rice

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinyaphorn Ploenlap ◽  
Wattana Pattanagul
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Exogenous Aba ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

AbstractThe effects of drought and exogenous ABA on foliar anthocyanin accumulation and its role in drought tolerance were studied in two purple rice cultivars GS. No. 00621 and GS. No. 21427. The seedlings were grown for 14 days and separated into four groups including control (well-watered), drought (withholding water), ABA (foliar sprayed with 20 mg L−1 ABA and well-watered), ABA and drought (foliar sprayed with 20 mg L−1 ABA and withholding water). Drought was imposed by withholding water for 7 days. The results showed that drought significantly reduced root and shoot growth in GS. No. 00621, while had little effect on GS. No. 21427. Drought stress also induced anthocyanin overaccumulation in GS. No. 21427, whereas its content was reduced in GS. No. 00621. Exogenous ABA had no effect on anthocyanin in both wellwatered and drought conditions in both cultivars. Higher anthocyanin in GS. No. 21427 was coincided with higher DPPH scavenging ability, antioxidant enzyme activities as well as higher relative water content. It is, therefore, concluded that drought-induced anthocyanin overaccumulation may be different between purple rice cultivars and anthocyanin is beneficial for the response to drought stress by protecting plant antioxidant mechanism. Unlike anthocyanin in plant reproductive organs, exogenous ABA has no effect on foliar anthocyanin accumulation in purple rice. It is possible that anthocyanin accumulation in leaf and reproductive organs may be regulated differently or triggered by different mechanisms.

scholarly journals A R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Gene, BpMYB123, Regulates BpLEA14 to Improve Drought Tolerance in Betula platyphylla

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiwen Lv ◽  
Hairong Wei ◽  
Guifeng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Drought stress causes various negative impacts on plant growth and crop production. R2R3-MYB transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the response to abiotic stress. However, their functions in Betula platyphylla haven’t been fully investigated. In this study, a R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene, BpMYB123, was identified from Betula platyphylla and reveals its significant role in drought stress. Overexpression of BpMYB123 enhances tolerance to drought stress in contrast to repression of BpMYB123 by RNA interference (RNAi) in transgenic experiment. The overexpression lines increased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismatase (SOD) activities, while decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide radicals (O2–), electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Our study showed that overexpression of BpMYB123 increased BpLEA14 gene expression up to 20-fold due to BpMYB123 directly binding to the MYB1AT element of BpLEA14 promoter. These results indicate that BpMYB123 acts as a regulator via regulating BpLEA14 to improve drought tolerance in birch.

scholarly journals Pengaruh biostimulan terhadap toleransi kekeringan dan pertumbuhan tanaman tebu varietas Kidang Kencana di rumah kaca (Effect of biostimulants on drought tolerance and growth of sugarcane var. Kidang Kencana at green house)

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Mutiara AMANAH ◽  
Soekarno Mismana PUTRA
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Segment Number ◽  
Increasing Demand

Increasing productivity and sugar yield of sugarcane are required to meet the increasing demand for sugar. Biostimulants application is one of the effort to increase the productivity and rendement of sugar, especially at drought stress conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of biostimulants on the performance of sugarcane var. Kidang Kencana known susceptible to drought stress. The research was conducted in the greenhouse with several biostimulant treatments i.e. P0: Control, P1: Citorin-R, P2: Citorin-R and Citorin-S (1x spray) P3: Citorin-R and Citorin -S (2x spray), P4: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x spray) and Humic Acid, P5: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x spray), Humic Acid and Mycorrhiza, P6: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (2x spray), Humic Acid and Mycorrhiza. All treatments were subjected with drought stress started from 4 months after planting. The biostimulant treatments resulted in better growth and yield on treated-biostimulan compared to these of control. The best treatment for the vegetative growth and the productive parameters was P6. The plant height, stems diameter, segment number, weight, and sap volume at P6 were respectively 32.2%, 5.5%, 24.0%, 53.2% and 44.7% higher than the control. The best treatment for the sugar yield was P5 and the productivity parameters was P6 respectively, 42.5% and 70.5% higher than the control. The best treatments contained Citorin biostimulant. Humic Acid and Mycorrhiza which increased growth and sugar yield of Kidang Kencana sugarcane at drought stress conditions.[Keywords: drought stress Kidang Kencana variety, plant biostimulant, productivity, sugar yield]. AbstrakPeningkatan produktivitas dan rendemen gula tanaman tebu diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gula yang terus meningkat. Aplikasi biostimulan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan rendemen gula khususnya pada kondisi tercekam kekeringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian beberapa produk biostimulan terhadap produktivitas tanaman tebu varietas Kidang Kencana yang rentan cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca dengan perlakuan beberapa perlakuan biostimulan pada tanaman tebu, yaitu P0: Kontrol, P1: Citorin-R, P2: Citorin-R dan Citorin-S (1x semprot) P3: Citorin-R dan Citorin-S (2x semprot), P4: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x semprot) dan Asam Humat, P5: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (1x semprot), Asam Humat dan Mikoriza, P6: Citorin-R, Citorin-S (2x semprot), Asam Humat dan Mikoriza. Seluruh perlakuan diberi kondisi cekaman kekeringan pada 4 bulan setelah tanam. Perlakuan biostimulan memberikan pengaruh serta hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol baik fase vegetatif maupun produktif. Perlakuan terbaik selama fase vegetatif hingga 5 bulan setelah tanam adalah P6. Tinggi batang panen, diameter batang panen, jumlah ruas batang, bobot batang dan volume nira pada P6 meningkat 32,2%, 5,5%, 24,0%, 53,2% dan 44,7% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Perlakuan terbaik untuk parameter rendemen gula adalah P5 dan produktivitas gula adalah P6, masing-masing 42,5% dan 70,5% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Perlakuan terbaik tersebut mengandung komponen biostimulan yaitu Citorin, Asam Humat dan Mikoriza yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan rendemen gula tanaman tebu Kidang Kencana pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan. [Kata kunci: cekaman kekeringan, varietas Kidang Kencana, biostimulan tanaman, produktivitas, rendemen gula].

scholarly journals Silencing GhJUB1L1 (JUB1-like 1) reduces cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) drought tolerance

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259382
Author(s):  
Qian Chen ◽  
Chaoya Bao ◽  
Fan Xu ◽  
Caixia Ma ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Upland Cotton ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Activation ◽  
Transgenic Cotton ◽  
Homologous Gene ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Drought stress massively restricts plant growth and the yield of crops. Reducing the deleterious effects of drought is necessary for agricultural industry. The plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2 and CUC2) transcription factors (TFs) are widely involved in the regulation of plant development and stress response. One of the NAC TF, JUNGBRUNNEN1 (JUB1), has been reported to involve in drought resistance in Arabidopsis. However, little is known of how the JUB1 gene respond to drought stress in cotton. In the present study, we cloned GhJUB1L1, a homologous gene of JUB1 in upland cotton. GhJUB1L1 is preferentially expressed in stem and leaf and could be induced by drought stress. GhJUB1L1 protein localizes to the cell nucleus, and the transcription activation region of which is located in the C-terminal region. Silencing GhJUB1L1 gene via VIGS () reduced cotton drought tolerance, and retarded secondary cell wall (SCW) development. Additionally, the expression of some drought stress-related genes and SCW synthesis-related genes were altered in the GhJUB1L1 silencing plants. Collectively, our findings indicate that GhJUB1L1 may act as a positive regulator in response to drought stress and SCW development in cotton. Our results enriched the roles of NAC TFs in cotton drought tolerance and laid a foundation for the cultivation of transgenic cotton with higher drought tolerance.

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