scholarly journals Humic Acid and Auxins Induced Metabolic Changes and Differential Gene Expression during Adventitious Root Development in Azalea Microshoots

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-935
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Elmongy ◽  
Xiuyun Wang ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Yiping Xia
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Evergreen Azalea

Auxins and humic acid (HA) were investigated for their roles in adventitious root induction in azalea microshoots in our previous study. To reveal the regulatory mechanisms of auxins and HA in this process, measurements of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds and gene expression during in vitro root development were performed. During the adventitious root induction process, ROS levels in shoots treated with auxins and HA increased compared to untreated shoots, especially during the earliest period after transfer to the media. Media supplemented with NAA experienced increases in H2O2 contents by 480%and 250%, respectively, after 7 and 14 days of culture. The phenolic compound levels were also enhanced in the shoots treated with auxins and HA, reflecting the different rooting-promoting abilities of both auxins and HA. The highest levels of total phenolic [68.6 mg·g−1 fresh weight (FW)], polyphenolic acids (121.72 μg caffic acid/g FW), and total flavonols (162.42 μg quercetin/g FW) were recorded after 21 days for NAA media, but the maximum levels of anthocyanins (49.76 μg cyanindin/g FW) were recorded after 21 days for IBA medium. Soluble carbohydrate, starch, and soluble protein levels were increased in the shoots treated with all treatments; however, the influence of NAA treatments was stronger than that of other treatments for most investigated parameters. The NAA significantly enhanced soluble carbohydrates by 30%, 37%, and 25%, respectively, at 14, 21, and 28 days compared with untreated microshoots. Expression of the POD1 gene increased in the shoots submitted to HA treatment media. Expression levels of auxin response factors (ARFs) increased with IBA- and NAA-treated explants, suggesting that ARFs may have diverse regulatory roles in adventitious root induction in evergreen azalea. Moreover, the profiles of the IAA1, IAA9, IAA14, and IAA27 transcripts were analyzed to reveal their roles in the adventitious rooting of evergreen azalea microshoots. These results indicate that auxins and HA promote adventitious root induction in Rhododendron plants through their impact on ROS, carbohydrate contents, phenolic compound levels, and expression levels of different genes related to root development in evergreen azalea plants.

scholarly journals Time-Course of Changes in Photosynthesis and Secondary Metabolites in Canola (Brassica napus) Under Different UV-B Irradiation Levels in a Plant Factory With Artificial Light

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Lee ◽  
Seina Shibata ◽  
Eiji Goto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Plant Factory

This study aimed to evaluate short-duration (24 h) UV-B irradiation as a preharvest abiotic stressor in canola plants. Moreover, we quantified the expression levels of genes related to bioactive compounds synthesis in response to UV-B radiation. Canola seedlings were cultivated in a plant factory under artificial light (200 μmol m–2 s–1 photosynthetic photon flux density; white LED lamps; 16 h on/8 h off), 25°C/20°C daytime/nighttime air temperature, and 70% relative humidity. Eighteen days after sowing, the seedlings were subjected to supplemental UV-B treatment. The control plants received no UV-B irradiation. The plants were exposed to 3, 5, or 7 W m–2 UV-B irradiation. There were no significant differences in shoot fresh weight between the UV-B-irradiated and control plants. With increasing UV-B irradiation intensity and exposure time, the H2O2 content gradually increased, the expression levels of genes related to photosynthesis downregulated, and phenylpropanoid and flavonoid production, and also total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant, and anthocyanin concentrations were significantly enhanced. The genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis were immediately upregulated after UV-B irradiation. The relative gene expression patterns identified using qRT-PCR corroborated the variations in gene expression that were revealed using microarray analysis. The time point at which the genes were induced varied with the gene location along the biosynthetic pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a temporal difference between the accumulation of antioxidants and the induction of genes related to the synthesis of this compound in UV-B-treated canola plants. Our results demonstrated that short-term UV-B irradiation could augment antioxidant biosynthesis in canola without sacrificing crop yield or quality.

scholarly journals Induction and evaluation of secondary metabolite and antioxidant activity in adventitious root of Codonopsis javanica

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Thi Huong Trinh ◽  
◽  
Quoc Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen ◽  
Dang Giap Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Dark Conditions

In this study, the effects of auxin (IBA, NAA), explants, and culture conditions (light/dark) on adventitious root induction of Codonopsis javanica were investigated. The results showed that dark conditions were more suitable for adventitious root induction than light conditions. All three types of explants (internodes, leaves, and nodes) induced adventitious roots, and the appropriate concentration of auxin was 0.5 mg/l IBA. After 4 weeks of incubation under dark conditions, the rooting percentage and number of roots/explant of internode, leaf, and node segments on media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA were 100% and 33.87 roots, 97.78% and 23.48 roots, 100% and 25.20 roots, respectively. These adventitious roots were analysed for the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, fixed oils and fats, phenol, flavonoids, gum, and mucilage. The total polysaccharide content, total phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity (IC50) of C. javanica adventitious root biomass were 16.98%, 1.876 (mg GAE/g DW), and 2.44 (mg/ml), respectively. These results indicate that the adventitious roots of C. javanica contain bioactive compounds, which can be used as a material source for multiplication in large-scale systems.

scholarly journals Microarray Analyses of Gene Expression during Adventitious Root Development in Pinus contorta

2004 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 1526-1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Brinker ◽  
Leonel van Zyl ◽  
Wenbin Liu ◽  
Deborah Craig ◽  
Ronald R. Sederoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Adventitious Root Development ◽  
Microarray Analyses

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation and Hairy Root Induction Enhance the Antioxidant Potential of Lactuca serriola L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi ◽  
Amr Elkelish ◽  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali ◽  
Mohamed Elshikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Hairy Root ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Transgenic Hairy Roots ◽  
Hairy Root Induction

Lactuca serriola L. is a herbaceous species, used for human nutrition and medicinal purposes. The high antioxidant capacity of L. serriola indicates the possibility of enhancing its edible and health potential by increasing the flavonoid and phenolic contents. The present study aimed at enhancing the production of phenolics and flavonoids by hairy root cultures in Lactuca serriola transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain AR15834 harbouring the rolB gene. The genetic transformation of rolB in transformed roots was validated, and rolB expression level was evaluated using real-time qPCR analysis. Expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis genes (CHI, PAL, FLS, and CHS) were assessed in the hairy and nontransformed roots. Results showed higher expression levels in the transgenic roots than in the nontransformed ones (p<0.01). Transgenic hairy roots exhibited a 54.8–96.7% increase in the total phenolic content, 38.1–76.2% increase in the total flavonoid content, and 56.7–96.7% increase in the total reducing power when compared with the nontransgenic roots (p<0.01). DPPH results also revealed that the transgenic hairy roots exhibited a 31.6–50% increase in antioxidant potential, when compared to normal roots. This study addressed the enhancement of secondary metabolite biosynthesis by hairy root induction in L. serriola.

Gene expression analysis of metabolic markers during bone regeneration in a rat model

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (03) ◽  
pp. 207-211
Author(s):  
C. Kasch ◽  
A. Osterberg ◽  
Thordis Granitzka ◽  
T. Lindner ◽  
M. Haenle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Fibrotic Tissue ◽  
Intermittent Pth ◽  
Lower Expression

SummaryThe RANK/RANKL/OPG system plays an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism and bony integration around implants. The aim of this study was to analyse gene expression of OPG, RANK, and RANKL in regenerating bone during implant integration. Additionally, the effect of intermittent para - thyroid hormone (PTH) treatment was analysed. A titanium chamber was implanted in the proximal tibiae of 48 female rats. The animals received either human PTH or saline solution (NaCl). After 21 and 42 days, RNA was isolated from tissue adjacent to the implant and expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG was analysed. After 21 days, very low expression levels of all genes were shown. In contrast, increased gene expression after 42 days was determined. Expression of RANK and RANKL was lower than that for OPG. The lower expression levels after 21 days might be due to still ossifying, fibrotic tissue around the titanium chamber. An increased OPG synthesis rate associated with decreased RANKL expression after 42 days revealed bone-forming processes. Despite significant differences in gene expression between the time points, only slight differences were observed between application of intermittent PTH and NaCl after a period of 42 days.

Neuroserpin in Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 518-523
Author(s):  
Rugül Köse Çinar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Type I ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
System Functioning

Objective: Neuroserpin is a serine protease inhibitor predominantly expressed in the nervous system functioning mainly in neuronal migration and axonal growth. Neuroprotective effects of neuroserpin were shown in animal models of stroke, brain, and spinal cord injury. Postmortem studies confirmed the involvement of neuroserpin in Alzheimer’s disease. Since altered adult neurogenesis was postulated as an aetiological mechanism for bipolar disorder, the possible effect of neuroserpin gene expression in the disorder was evaluated. Methods: Neuroserpin mRNA expression levels were examined in the peripheral blood of bipolar disorder type I manic and euthymic patients and healthy controls using the polymerase chain reaction method. The sample comprised of 60 physically healthy, middle-aged men as participants who had no substance use disorder. Results: The gene expression levels of neuroserpin were found lower in the bipolar disorder patients than the healthy controls (p=0.000). The neuroserpin levels did not differ between mania and euthymia (both 96% down-regulated compared to the controls). Conclusion: Since we detected differences between the patients and the controls, not the disease states, the dysregulation in the neuroserpin gene could be interpreted as a result of the disease itself.

scholarly journals A Sparse and Low-Rank Regression Model for Identifying the Relationships Between DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Levels in Gastric Cancer and the Prediction of Prognosis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Yishu Wang ◽  
Lingyun Xu ◽  
Dongmei Ai
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Rank Regression ◽  
Prediction Of Prognosis ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

DNA methylation is an important regulator of gene expression that can influence tumor heterogeneity and shows weak and varying expression levels among different genes. Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly heterogeneous cancer of the digestive system with a high mortality rate worldwide. The heterogeneous subtypes of GC lead to different prognoses. In this study, we explored the relationships between DNA methylation and gene expression levels by introducing a sparse low-rank regression model based on a GC dataset with 375 tumor samples and 32 normal samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Differences in the DNA methylation levels and sites were found to be associated with differences in the expressed genes related to GC development. Overall, 29 methylation-driven genes were found to be related to the GC subtypes, and in the prognostic model, we explored five prognoses related to the methylation sites. Finally, based on a low-rank matrix, seven subgroups were identified with different methylation statuses. These specific classifications based on DNA methylation levels may help to account for heterogeneity and aid in personalized treatments.

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