scholarly journals Induction and evaluation of secondary metabolite and antioxidant activity in adventitious root of Codonopsis javanica

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Thi Huong Trinh ◽  
◽  
Quoc Tuan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Huyen Trang Nguyen ◽  
Dang Giap Do ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Material Source ◽  
Large Scale Systems ◽  
Dark Conditions

In this study, the effects of auxin (IBA, NAA), explants, and culture conditions (light/dark) on adventitious root induction of Codonopsis javanica were investigated. The results showed that dark conditions were more suitable for adventitious root induction than light conditions. All three types of explants (internodes, leaves, and nodes) induced adventitious roots, and the appropriate concentration of auxin was 0.5 mg/l IBA. After 4 weeks of incubation under dark conditions, the rooting percentage and number of roots/explant of internode, leaf, and node segments on media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA were 100% and 33.87 roots, 97.78% and 23.48 roots, 100% and 25.20 roots, respectively. These adventitious roots were analysed for the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, fixed oils and fats, phenol, flavonoids, gum, and mucilage. The total polysaccharide content, total phenolic content, and the antioxidant activity (IC50) of C. javanica adventitious root biomass were 16.98%, 1.876 (mg GAE/g DW), and 2.44 (mg/ml), respectively. These results indicate that the adventitious roots of C. javanica contain bioactive compounds, which can be used as a material source for multiplication in large-scale systems.

scholarly journals The contribution of cell wall remodeling and signaling to lateral organs formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi Duman ◽  
Avi Eliyahu ◽  
Mohamad Abu-Abied ◽  
Einat Sadot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Developmental Programs ◽  
Lateral Organs ◽  
Improvement Programs

Lateral organs are formed in plants by post embryonic developmental programs. Leaves, and flowers differentiate from the shoot apical meristem and lateral roots from the primary root pericycle meristem. Adventitious roots are roots formed from non-root lateral meristematic tissues, mostly the cambium, in many cases in response to stress signals. The ability of plants to regenerate adventitious roots is fundamental for selection and breading programs which are based on vegetative propagation of elite clones. Thus, recalcitrant plants, losing their rooting capability, may form a genuine commercial barrier in agricultural and forestry improvement programs. Some cellular mechanisms underlying adventitious root formation have been revealed, but much is yet to be clarified. The plant primary cell wall is a dynamic organ that can change its form, and perceive and relay molecular signals inward and outward during certain stages of development in particular cells. Therefore, before the secondary cell wall is deposited and plants become the wood from which walls and furniture are built, and the fibers from which cloths are woven, primary cell walls actively participate in plant cell differentiation and developmental programs. While auxin is a major regulator, cell walls are important in regulating coherent formative cell division and synchronized polar elongation of cell lineages that are necessary for lateral organ induction and formation, and collaborative cell functioning. Nevertheless, little is known of how cell wall changes are molecularly sensed and translated to intracellular signals during differentiation of adventitious roots. Here we summarize recent data linking, directly or indirectly, cell wall events to auxin signaling and to lateral or adventitious root induction and formation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Carrot Callus Extracts as Affected by Phenylalanine Precursor

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermeen M Arafa ◽  
Mona M Ibrahim ◽  
Usama Ibrahim Aly
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Dark Conditions

Carrot (Daucus carota) is a valuable plant with both therapeutic and horticultural potential. Stem, petiole and root derived calli of carrot were obtained on solid MS supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 2 mg/l NAA. Callus cultures supplemented with different L-phenylalanine (PHE) concentrations under light and dark conditions were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents. The authors showed that PHE supplementation in Daucus carota cultures was necessary to raise the extraction yield percentage. Antioxidant assays such as DPPH scavenging activity and ?-carotene bleaching have been carried out. In DPPH system, callus extracts from different explants grown under light conditions displayed lower DPPH radical scavenging activity at all PHE levels compared with that grown under dark conditions. Moreover, under both light and dark conditions callus cultures grown on MS supplemented with 1 mg/l BAP + 2 mg/l NAA plus 1000 mg/l PHE were recorded to yield the maximum values as antioxidant activities. Regarding ?-carotene bleaching assay, under light condition the callus extract of stem, root and petiole recorded an inhibition of linolic acid 47.9, 41.43 and 39%) which is lower compared with dark grown cultures, respectively (52.46, 72.71 and 73.26%). Effect of different concentrations of phenylalanine on the total phenolic content of carrot callus extract examined under light conditions varied from 0.33 to 2 mg/g DW and 0.51 to 3.69 mg/g DW under dark conditions as expressedPlant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 25(2): 207-221, 2015 (December)

scholarly journals Plant growth regulator eEffect on adventitious roots induction of labisia pumila

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor’Aishah Hasan ◽  
Sobri Hussein ◽  
Rusli Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Rooting Ability ◽  
Labisia Pumila

Labisia pumila or locally known as ‘Kacip Fatimah’ is an herbaceous plant commonly used for dysentery, flatulence, dysmenorrhoea and gonorrhoea. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of different plant growth regulators at various concentrations on adventitious root induction from the leaf explants of Labisia pumila. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with auxins; indole-acetic acid (IAA), indole-butyric acid (IBA) and naphtaleneacetic acid (NAA) each at the concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/L were evaluated for their effects on adventitious root induction. No adventitious roots formed in the control medium devoid of any PGRs. Among the plant growth regulators (PGRs) used, IBA showed the best adventitious roots formation for all explants, followed by NAA and IAA. Leaf explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/L of IBA showed the best rooting ability. In this treatment, 72.4 ± 9.3 % of rooting, 17.8 ± 9.4 roots per explants and 0.123 ± 0.096g of dry weight were recorded. NAA and IAA showed ability to induce adventitious roots from leaf however the rooting ability was relatively lower that IBA treatment. The highest rooting ability for NAA and IAA was achieved in 7 mg/L and 3 mg/L with (71.2 ±10.9 % and 10.6 ± 3.6%) of rooting, (14.9 ± 0.669 and 1.60 ± 0.179) roots per explants and (0.044 ± 0.002g and 0.014 ± 0.001g) of dry weight, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Most Suitable Conditions for Dehydration of Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) Fruits

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Ngoc Minh Quynh Pham ◽  
Quan V. Vuong ◽  
Anh V. Le ◽  
Michael C. Bowyer ◽  
Christopher J. Scarlett
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gallic Acid Equivalent

Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) is an Australian native tree, possessing high level bioactivity and antioxidant activity. To prevent deterioration of active constituents, appropriate drying practices must be determined. This study comparatively evaluates the impact of a range of drying methods including freeze-, microwave-, vacuum-, hot air- and sun-drying on the physical, phytochemical and antioxidant characteristics of Tuckeroo fruit. Experimental results showed that the five drying methods had significant impact on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of the fruits. Of the drying methods assessed, freeze drying best preserved Tuckeroo activity, recording higher total phenolic content (TPC) (81.88 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g), total flavonoids (TFC) (107.71 mg catechin equivalent (CAE)/g), proanthocyanidins (TPro) (83.86 mg CAE/g) and exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity. However, vacuum drying at 65 kPa, 100 °C for 5 h is recommended for drying Tuckeroo fruits for further processing in a large scale as it also retained high levels of TPC, TFC and TPro (58 mg GAE/g, 91 mg CAE/g and 74 mg CAE/g, respectively).

scholarly journals Humic Acid and Auxins Induced Metabolic Changes and Differential Gene Expression during Adventitious Root Development in Azalea Microshoots

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-935
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Elmongy ◽  
Xiuyun Wang ◽  
Hong Zhou ◽  
Yiping Xia
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compound ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Evergreen Azalea

Auxins and humic acid (HA) were investigated for their roles in adventitious root induction in azalea microshoots in our previous study. To reveal the regulatory mechanisms of auxins and HA in this process, measurements of the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds and gene expression during in vitro root development were performed. During the adventitious root induction process, ROS levels in shoots treated with auxins and HA increased compared to untreated shoots, especially during the earliest period after transfer to the media. Media supplemented with NAA experienced increases in H2O2 contents by 480%and 250%, respectively, after 7 and 14 days of culture. The phenolic compound levels were also enhanced in the shoots treated with auxins and HA, reflecting the different rooting-promoting abilities of both auxins and HA. The highest levels of total phenolic [68.6 mg·g−1 fresh weight (FW)], polyphenolic acids (121.72 μg caffic acid/g FW), and total flavonols (162.42 μg quercetin/g FW) were recorded after 21 days for NAA media, but the maximum levels of anthocyanins (49.76 μg cyanindin/g FW) were recorded after 21 days for IBA medium. Soluble carbohydrate, starch, and soluble protein levels were increased in the shoots treated with all treatments; however, the influence of NAA treatments was stronger than that of other treatments for most investigated parameters. The NAA significantly enhanced soluble carbohydrates by 30%, 37%, and 25%, respectively, at 14, 21, and 28 days compared with untreated microshoots. Expression of the POD1 gene increased in the shoots submitted to HA treatment media. Expression levels of auxin response factors (ARFs) increased with IBA- and NAA-treated explants, suggesting that ARFs may have diverse regulatory roles in adventitious root induction in evergreen azalea. Moreover, the profiles of the IAA1, IAA9, IAA14, and IAA27 transcripts were analyzed to reveal their roles in the adventitious rooting of evergreen azalea microshoots. These results indicate that auxins and HA promote adventitious root induction in Rhododendron plants through their impact on ROS, carbohydrate contents, phenolic compound levels, and expression levels of different genes related to root development in evergreen azalea plants.

scholarly journals Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Production of Biomass, Polyphenolics and Steviol Glycosides in Adventitious Root Cultures of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 420
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Ahmad ◽  
Haider Ali ◽  
Habiba Khan ◽  
Almas Begam ◽  
Sheraz Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Root Cultures ◽  
Adventitious Root Cultures

In current study, the effect of gibberellic acid was tested for production of biomass, polyphenolics and Steviol glycosides in adventitious root cultures of Stevia rebaudiana. Adventitious cultures were induced from the roots of in vitro grown plantlets on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing combination of gibberellic acid (GA3; 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg/L) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA; 0.5 mg/L). Initially, a known mass of inoculum roots were shifted into suspension media augmented with various GA3 concentrations. The growth behavior of adventitious roots was recorded every 3 days for a period of 30 days. Maximum biomass biosynthesis (13.12 g/flask) was noticed in exponential phase on 27th day in the suspension containing 2.0 mg/L of GA3. Other GA3 concentrations also displayed optimum patterns of biomass accumulation as compared to the control. Adventitious roots were investigated for total phenolic content (TPC) and production (TPP), total flavonoid content (TFC) and production (TFP), and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-based antioxidant potential. Maximum phenolics (TPC 9.84 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g-dry weight (DW)) and TPP (147.6 mg/L), TFC (5.12 mg Quercitin equivalent (QE)/g-DW) and TFP (76.91 mg/L) were observed in 2.0 mg/L GA3 treated cultures. The same concentration of gibberellic acid enhanced antioxidant activity (77.2%). Furthermore, maximum stevioside (7.13 mg/g-DW), rebaudioside-A (0.27 mg/g-DW) and dulcoside-A (0.001 mg/g-DW) were observed in roots exposed to 2.0 mg/L GA3. This is the first report on the application of GA3 on biomass accumulation and secondary metabolite production in S. rebaudiana. The current study will be helpful to scale up the adventitious root cultures in bioreactors for the production of biomass and pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Mild Salinity Stimulates Biochemical Activities and Metabolites Associated with Anticancer Activities in Black Horehound (Ballota nigra L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2538
Author(s):  
Mehdi Younessi-Hamzekhanlu ◽  
Zahra Dibazarnia ◽  
Shahin Oustan ◽  
Teniyah Vinson ◽  
Ramesh Katam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Salinity Level ◽  
Total Phenolic

Black horehound (Ballota nigra L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants, as a rich source of health-promoting essential oils and metabolites. Salinity stress affects plant development and alters antioxidant activity and plant metabolite composition. The present research aimed to study the effect of salinity on physiological and biochemical changes and metabolites of B. nigra under greenhouse and in vitro culture conditions. The plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl (25, 50, 75, 100 mM), and morphological characteristics of the plant were measured. The growth-related traits and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) were decreased both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, increased salt concentration negatively affected the cell membrane integrity. The total phenolic content and flavonoids of plants growing in the greenhouse increased by 21% at 50 mM of NaCl, but the amounts decreased significantly at higher stress levels (100 mM of NaCl). Antioxidant activity was also measured. Among the NaCl treatments, the most increased DPPH scavenging activities (IC50) under greenhouse and in vitro conditions were detected at mild salinity stress, but the activity significantly decreased in higher salinity treatments (i.e., 75 and 100 mM). In general, with increasing the salinity level to 75 mM, the activities of CAT and APX were significantly upregulated in both greenhouse and in vitro culture conditions. A correlation between total phenolics and flavonoids contents as well as antioxidant activity was obtained. Salinity level caused a shift in the metabolite expression. Mild salinity stress elevated the metabolites involved in anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, such as β-ionone and caryophyllene oxide. However, the higher salt stress resulted in a significant reduction in their expression. Differential expression of metabolites to various levels of salt stress can be further exploited for the in vitro biosynthesis of metabolites.

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