scholarly journals A Modified Nutrient Film Technique System Offers a More Uniform Nutrient Supply to Plants

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro R. Puerta ◽  
Suguru Sato ◽  
Yutaka Shinohara ◽  
Toru Maruo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

In nutrient film technique (NFT) vegetable production, the use of low-concentration nutrient solutions might lead to a nutrient concentration gradient along the bed, which can translate into nonuniform plant growth. The authors modified a conventional NFT system (cNFT) and propose a modified NFT (mNFT) that enables the production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) plants of uniform fresh weight along elongated cultural beds. Two experiments were carried out to compare the systems when long cultural beds are used (18 m) in terms of uniformity of plant and nutrient solution characteristics. The results indicated that fresh weight of plants in cNFT decreased as the distance from the nutrient inlet increased, whereas no such trend was observed in mNFT. Leaf nitrate concentration in mNFT was uniform, whereas it was higher near the outlet of cNFT. Ascorbic acid concentration was also uniform in mNFT, but it was found to be lower near the outlet of cNFT. During Expt. 2, the oxygen content along the bed decreased from inlet to outlet in cNFT; however, in mNFT, it remained relatively constant at all sampling positions. Regarding the concentration of the nutrient solution along beds, no significant differences were found between inlet and outlet in both systems. It is suggested that the lower concentration of oxygen found at the outlet of cNFT might have reduced nutrient uptake, thus attenuating the difference in concentration between inlet and outlet. The temperatures of the nutrient solution along mNFT during Expt. 2 tended to be slightly lower than those of cNFT. However, temperatures were still too high and plant growth was negatively affected. The results of this study demonstrate that plants of uniform size and quality can be achieved in long cultural beds (up to 18 m long) supplied with a low-concentration fertilizer solution by using the proposed mNFT.

Effect of Color Shading Nets on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Flowering Chinese Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 461 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Shi Wei Song ◽  
Qiu Yan Yan ◽  
Fei Dong ◽  
Hou Cheng Liu ◽  
Guang Wen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Flowering Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
P Content ◽  
Leaf Vegetable ◽  
Color Shading

The effect of color shading-nets (red net, blue net and silver net) and ordinary black net on plant growth and nutrient uptake of flowering Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsen et Lee) were studied, with no net shading as the control. The results indicated that, compared with the control, red net covering increased plant height, leaf area and stem diameter of flowering Chinese cabbage. Red and blue nets covering enhanced the above ground fresh weight, while the silver and black nets covering decreased the above ground fresh weight. Shading net covering significantly improved the nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) content of flowering Chinese cabbage, while it had no significant effect on the phosphorus (P) content. Red and blue nets covering enhanced mineral nutrients uptake, while it was decreased under silver and black nets covering. Red and blue nets covering promoted plant growth and nutrients uptake of flowering Chinese cabbage and could be widely applied in leaf vegetable production.

scholarly journals MICRONUTRIENT TOXICITY IN SEED GERANIUM PELARGONIUM × HORTORUM BAILEY

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 764D-764
Author(s):  
Chi Won Lee ◽  
Chun Ho Pak ◽  
Jong Myung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
True Leaf ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Fertilizer Solution

Micronutrient toxicity symptoms of seed geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) `Ringo Scarlet' were experimentally induced by using 9 different concentrations of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn in the fertilizer solution. Plants of 3-4 true leaf stage grown in peat-lite mix were constantly fed for 5 weeks with nutrient solutions containing 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 mM of each micronutrient. The control solution contained 20 uM B, 0.5 uM Cu, 10 uM Fe, 10 uM Mn, 0.5 uM Mo and 4 uM Zn. Visible foliar toxicity symptoms developed when the nutrient solution contained 2, 0.5, 5, 1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM, respectively, of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, and Zn. Reduction in dry matter yield was evident when 1 mM B, 2 mM Cu, 3 mM Fe, 2 mM Mn, 0.5 mM Mo, and 1 mM Zn were used in the fertilizer solution. Leaf chlorophyll contents decreased as Cu and Mn levels increased. Elevated levels of Fe increased tissue chlorophyll contents.

scholarly journals 313 Iron-chelate Photodegradation in Lab-prepared Nutrient Solutions Alters Root Physiology and Causes Mn Toxicity in Marigold

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 496E-496
Author(s):  
Joseph P. Albano ◽  
William B. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Ferric Reductase ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Iron Chelate ◽  
Root Physiology ◽  
Plant Culture ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Our objective was to determine the effects on plant growth and physiology that a photodegraded Fe-chelate containing lab-prepared nutrient solution would have when used in plant culture. Plants grown hydroponically in the irradiated Fe-DTPA containing nutrient solution had ferric reductase activity 2.2 times greater, foliar Fe level 0.77 times less, and foliar Mn level 1.9 times greater than in plants grown in an identical but non-irradiated solution, indicating that plants growing in the irradiated solution were responding to Fe deficiency stress with physiological reactions associated with Fe efficiency. The youngest leaves of plants that were grown in the irradiated solution had symptoms of Mn toxicity. Restoration of the irradiated solution by removing the precipitated Fe by centrifugation and adding fresh Fe-chelate resulted in plants that were, in general, not different from those grown in the non-irradiated solution (control).

Plant growth with nutrient solutions: II. A comparison of pure sand and fresh soil as the aggregate for plant growth

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Marcus Woodman ◽  
Delphine Ainslie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Edible Portion ◽  
Nutritional Elements ◽  
Statistical Experiments ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Statistical experiments have been carried out as pot cultures in the greenhouse, with sand and soil as the aggregates (nutrients being supplied to both aggregates in the form of nutrient solutions), on the growth of the two vegetables turnip and spring cabbage to the stage of maturity usual in actual practice. With full nutrients, the soil, possibly because of such factors as its nutrient reserves, its physical properties, and its capacity for retaining certain nutritional elements supplied, was superior to the sand as judged by yields of fresh and dry matter for tops and whole plants of both vegetables, and roots for the turnip, thus including the edible portion ofboth plants; the (true) root of the cabbage, however, yielded more in the sand under these conditions. Similar results were obtained even when the concentrations of the nutrients for the soil were only half those in the full nutrient solution applied to the sand, so that it may be stated that fresh soil is greatly superior to sand under equal conditions as an aggregate in the growth of vegetables with nutrient solutions.

scholarly journals Influence of the N/K ratio on the production and quality of cucumber in hydroponic system

Revista CERES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriene Woods Pedrosa ◽  
Herminia Emilia Prieto Martinez ◽  
Edson Marcio Matiello ◽  
Paulo Cezar Rezende Fontes ◽  
Paulo Roberto Gomes Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Hydroponic Cultivation ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of fruits and the nutritional status of cucumber CV. Aodai cultivated in nutrient solutions with different N:K ratios. The hydroponic cultivation was initially performed, during the vegetative growth, in nutrient solution with 1:2.0 mmol L-1 N:K, and, later, during fruit setting, in four different nutrient solutions with N:K (w/w) at the ratios 1:1.4, 1:1.7, 1:2.0 and 1:2.5. An additional treatment with a nutrient solution containing the ratio 1:2.2 (w/w) N:K during the vegetative growth and N:K 1:1.4 (w/w) during fruit setting, both with 10% ammonium (NH4+) was included. The treatments were arranged in a randomized design with six replicates. Irrigation was carried out with deionized water until seed germination, and then with nutrient solution until 30 days after germination, when plants were transplanted. Plants in the hydroponic growing beds were irrigated with the solutions for vegetative growth, and, after 21 days, the solutions were replaced by solutions for fruit setting. At 45 and 60 days after transplanting, the fresh weight, length, diameter, volume and firmness of the fruit were evaluated, and, at 45 days after transplanting, the macronutrient concentrations in the leaves were determined. The use of different N:K ratios during fruit setting influenced the cucumber production. The ratio of 1.0:1.7 N: K (w/w), with 10% of N in the form of ammonia, is recommended for the whole cycle.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Possible Potato Tuber-inducing Factor in Continuous-use Recirculating NFT sSystem

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 790B-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Wheeler ◽  
G.W. Stutte ◽  
C.L. Mackowiak ◽  
N.C. Yorio ◽  
L.M. Ruffe
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Water Filters ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Over Time

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) have been grown successfully with a recirculating nutrient film technique (NFT) when a fresh nutrient solution is used for each planting. During the past year, we conducted two studies in which the same nutrient solution was used for successive plantings (EC and pH were maintained at 0.12 S·m–1 and 5.8). Results showed that successive plantings became prematurely induced (tubers initiating near 20 days after planting–DAP), causing stunted shoot growth and reduced yields per plant. When “old” nutrient solution from a continuous production system was regularly added to a newly started plant system maintained under a non-inductive environment (12-h photoperiod with night break of 6 h into dark), tubers formed on “old” nutrient solution plants (24 DAP), but not on “new” solution plants. When charcoal water filters were placed on the systems, plants grown on either “old” or “new” nutrient solutions showed no tuber initiation (plants harvested at 42 DAP). Results suggest that a tuber-inducing factor(s) emanating from the plants accumulates in the nutrient solution over time and that the factor(s) can be removed by charcoal absorption.

scholarly journals Suppression of Powdery Mildew on Greenhouse-Grown Cucumber by Addition of Silicon to Hydroponic Nutrient Solution Is Inhibited at High Temperature

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Schuerger ◽  
William Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Potassium Silicate ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Canadian Studies ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Silicon amendments to hydroponic nutrient solutions have been used successfully in Canada to suppress powdery mildew (PM) caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea on cucumber (Cucumis sativus). In contrast, preliminary trials in Florida greenhouses failed to achieve the level of disease suppression reported in the literature for Canadian studies. A series of greenhouse experiments were conducted in Florida to determine the factors involved in reducing the effectiveness of silicon amendments for PM suppression on cucumber. Three horticultural practices (cultivar, nutrient solution formula, and rooting medium) and two environmental factors (light intensity and temperature) were tested in combination with silicon amendments for their effects on the suppression of PM on cucumber. When plants were irrigated with a standard nutrient solution amended with potassium silicate at 0 mg/liter, the cucumber cv. Vetomil was found to be resistant and cvs. Corona, Cilla, Farbio, and Toska were found to be susceptible to PM. Susceptible cultivars irrigated with potassium silicate at 100, 150, or 200 mg/liter exhibited a slight but statistically significant reduction in PM over the course of a 49-day trial. Although PM in the cultivar trial was slightly lower in treatments with added silicon, disease suppression with silicon was not commercially useful because it failed to increase fruit yields. Nutrient solution formula, rooting medium, and light intensity had no effects on the levels of PM suppression, regardless of whether plants were irrigated with potassium silicate at 0 or 100 mg/liter. Temperature was found to act in a synergistic manner with silicon. The greatest effect of temperature on PM suppression was observed at 20°C in which cucumber plants, irrigated with silicon at 100 mg/liter, exhibited significant reductions in the numbers of PM colonies per leaf. Disease suppression by silicon was observed at 25 and 30°C, but the magnitude of the disease suppression was significantly lower than when plants were maintained at 20°C. The effect of temperature on PM suppression by silicon may explain the difference in results between previous experiments in Canada, where greenhouse temperatures averaged 20 to 25°C, and the current study in Florida, where greenhouse temperatures averaged 24 to 32°C.

Plant growth with nutrient solutions: III. A comparison of sand and soil as the aggregate for plant growth, using an optimum nutrient solution with the sand, and incomplete supplies of nutrients with ‘once-used‘ soil

1946 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowland Marcus Woodman ◽  
Delphine Ainslie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Judicious Choice ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Experiments are described in which the ‘once-used’ soils left over from previous culture experiments were employed as aggregates in the growth of vegetables. It was demonstrated that sand with full nutrients was superior to ‘once-used’ soil with water only, but that ‘once-used’ soil supplied with the full quota of soluble nitrogen was superior to the sand with full nutrients. The root of the cabbage in sand was an exception, and a possible explanation was that sand as aggregate favoured true root formation, while soil favoured the formation of tops. The ‘once-used’ soil in these experiments deteriorated in physical propertes owing to the conditions of the experiment, which included the use of nitrogen as sodium nitrate, possibly owing to the tendency to the formation of sodium clay; it is argued that a judicious choice of fertilizers and/or the use of flocculating electrolytes should overcome such tendencies.

scholarly journals Salinity and flow rates of nutrient solution on cauliflower biometrics in NFT hydroponic system

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-265
Author(s):  
Hammady R. e Soares ◽  
Ênio F. de F. e Silva ◽  
Gerônimo F. da Silva ◽  
Adiel F. da S. Cruz ◽  
José A. Santos Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Nutrient Film Technique ◽  
Supply Water

ABSTRACT The use of brackish water in hydroponic crops represents an alternative for vegetable production. In this context, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of using brackish water to prepare the nutrient solution and replace the evapotranspired depth, applied at different flow rates, on cauliflower biometrics in NFT (nutrient film technique) hydroponic system. In both experiments, the experimental design was completely randomized with four repetitions, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme: six levels of water electrical conductivity (ECw) in interaction with two flow rates of nutrient solution application in the hydroponic channels (1.5 and 2.5 L min-1). In Experiment I, brackish waters with different EC (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5 and 5.5 dS m-1), obtained by the addition of NaCl in public-supply water (0.2 dS m-1), were used. In Experiment II, the chemical characteristics of brackish waters collected in the semiarid region of Pernambuco were simulated, with EC of 1.67, 3.30, 4.71, 5.88 and 13.84 dS m-1, plus the control (0.2 dS m-1). Increasing salinity reduced cauliflower growth. Flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 promoted the best results of shoot fresh and dry masses, leaf area, number of leaves, plant height and shoot diameter. The best water for cauliflower production was public-supply water and, among the well waters, the best was the calcium sulfate-rich water with EC of 1.67 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Hydroponic Lettuce Cultivation Using Organic Nutrient Solution from Aerobic Digested Aquacultural Sludge

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1484
Author(s):  
Maha Ezziddine ◽  
Helge Liltved ◽  
Randi Seljåsen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Marked Weight ◽  
Rich Solution ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

The aim of this study was to demonstrate how aquacultural sludge can be processed and utilized as an organic nutrient solution (ONS) for hydroponic lettuce production. By using a previous developed method, approximately 80% of the processed sludge was reclaimed as a clear, nutrient-rich solution. The performance of the recovered nutrient solution on lettuce growth was assessed in a nutrient film hydroponic system. The results were compared to the results obtained using a conventional nutrient solution (CNS). Yield, fresh weight, water consumption, and nutrient and heavy metal content in leaf tissue were measured. In spite of a 16% lower average fresh weight obtained in ONS compared to the weight obtained in CNS, there was no statistical difference of the yield of lettuce among the two nutrient solutions. After the cultivation period, 90% of the lettuce heads grown in ONS exceeded the marked weight of 150 g. Foliar analysis revealed a similar or higher content of all nutrients, except of magnesium and molybdenum in the leaves of lettuce grown in the ONS compared to lettuce grown in the CNS. This study shows that nutrients recovered from aquacultural sludge can be utilized as fertilizer, thereby reducing the dependency on mineral fertilizer in hydroponic and aquaponic systems.

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