scholarly journals Numerical analysis of NOX formation in CO2 diluted biogas premixed combustion

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Sugeng Hadi Susilo ◽  
Hangga Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Volume Flow Rate ◽  
Premixed Flame ◽  
Counter Flow ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
No2 Reduction ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

A further investigation of premixed biogas combustion towards the NOx formation is presented in this study. The purpose of the simulation is to determine the addition of CO2 in biogas fuel to the combustion behavior of premixed biogas on NOx formation, and to determine the occurrence of NOx in the pre-mixed biogas combustion. In this study, the Counterflow Premixed Flame class is used where this class is based on the One Dim class which is the basis for simulations with a 1-dimensional domain. The Counterflow Premixed Flame class uses an axisymmetric stagnation flow domain which has been written based on the equations. Cantera uses Newton's method to solve them. Completion is carried out in two stages. The first stage is to solve the solution using the equilibrium at each z coordinate point that has been determined. Many estimation starting points are determined from the start of the program. The second stage is the recalculation process at each point and then subdivided to get a smoother solution. The premixed excess CO2 biogas fuel and air combustion analyzed using a 1-dimensional numerical study. The diluted CO2 mass fraction ranged between 0–40 %. The CH4/CO2/air volume flow rate was maintained in ±L/min. The analysis implements the 1-D Counter Flow approach. Two counterflow nozzles were 20mm in diameter and the flame stagnation point at 10 mm. The results show that NOx mass fraction formed only on a fuel-lean mixture of CH4/CO2/air and its values decreased along with CO2 added. The addition of CO2 could reduce the NO species mass fraction down to 18 %, and NO2 reduction down to 7 %. This is mainly caused by a decreasing heat release rate of NO+N↔N2+O, N+O2↔NO+O, N+OH↔NO+H, and N+CO2↔NO+CO reactions. The N+CO2↔NO+CO reaction increased as CO2 was added but its values were not as much as the decline of three other reactions

Agent-based economic models and econometrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Heng Chen ◽  
Chia-Ling Chang ◽  
Ye-Rong Du
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Agent Based Modeling ◽  
Computational Finance ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractThis paper reviews the development of agent-based (computational) economics (ACE) from an econometrics viewpoint. The review comprises three stages, characterizing the past, the present, and the future of this development. The first two stages can be interpreted as an attempt to build the econometric foundation of ACE, and, through that, enrich its empirical content. The second stage may then invoke a reverse reflection on the possible agent-based foundation of econometrics. While ACE modeling has been applied to different branches of economics, the one, and probably the only one, which is able to provide evidence of this three-stage development is finance or financial economics. We will, therefore, focus our review only on the literature of agent-based computational finance, or, more specifically, the agent-based modeling of financial markets.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the cosmological dynamics in Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (13) ◽  
pp. 2150092
Author(s):  
Dmitry Chirkov ◽  
Sergey A. Pavluchenko
Keyword(s):  
Constant Curvature ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Isotropic Subspaces ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Positively Curved ◽  
Bonnet Term

We study some aspects of dynamical compactification scenario where stabilization of extra dimensions occurs due to the presence of Gauss–Bonnet term and nonzero spatial curvature. In the framework of the model under consideration, there exists two-stages scenario of evolution of a Universe: in the first stage, the space evolves from a totally anisotropic state to the state with three-dimensional (corresponding to our “real” world) expanding and [Formula: see text]-dimensional contracting isotropic subspaces; on the second stage, constant curvature of extra dimensions begins to play role and provide compactification of extra dimensions. It is already known that such a scenario is realizable when constant curvature of extra dimensions is negative. Here we show that a range of coupling constants for which exponential solutions with three-dimensional expanding and [Formula: see text]-dimensional contracting isotropic subspaces are stable is located in a zone where compactification solutions with positively curved extra space are unstable, so that two-stage scenario analogous to the one described above is not realizable. Also we study “nearly-Friedmann” regime for the case of arbitrary constant curvature of extra dimensions and describe new parametrization of the general solution for the model under consideration which provide elegant way of describing areas of existence over parameters space.

Construcción de un cuestionario para identificar ideas de masculinidad y feminidad en jóvenes de Santiago de Chile. / Construction of a questionnaire to identify ideas of masculinity and femininity among young people in Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 107-131
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Soto Guzmán
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
National Level ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

La presente investigación pretende conocer a través de la elaboración de un cuestionario, de qué forma los jóvenes de Chile configuran e integran sus ideas de masculinidad y feminidad; evaluar si las configuraciones de lo que ellos entienden por masculino o femenino posee discursos de tipo tradicionales, hegemónicos o vanguardistas o, por el contrario, evaluar si éstos son posibles de situar en un espacio de transición entre las posturas antes descritas. El estudio contempla dos etapas, la primera (y la que se explica a través de este artículo) es la elaboración de un cuestionario, la segunda alude a aplicar este instrumento a nivel nacional, para obtener resultados que puedan ser vinculados con mayor o menor relación a la violencia de género (la segunda etapa del estudio se encuentra aún en etapa de análisis). La metodología utilizada fue de tipo cualitativa, la técnica de recolección de información fue a través de grupos focales. Se utilizó el software NVIVO versión 11 para analizar categorías en base a los discursos entregados por los jóvenes, los que posteriormente fueron evaluados por jueces expertos y luego piloteado a lo largo del país. The present research aimed at knowing through the creation of a questionnaire how the young people of Chile shape and integrate their ideas of masculinity and femininity, evaluate if their configurations of what they understand by masculine or feminine have traditional type discourses, Hegemonic or avant-garde, or, on the contrary, to evaluate whether these are possible to place in a space of transition between the positions described above. The study contemplates two stages, the first one (and the one that is explained through this article) is the elaboration of a questionnaire, the second alludes to apply this instrument at the national level to obtain results that can be linked with more or less relation with Gender violence; The second stage of the study is still under analysis. The methodology used was of qualitative type. The technique of gathering information was through focus groups. NVIVO version 11 software was used to analyze categories based on discourses delivered by young people, which were subsequently evaluated by expert judges and later piloted throughout the country.

scholarly journals The Balance of Individual and Infrastructure Values in Decisions Regarding Advanced Science and Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichi Hienuki ◽  
Kazuhiko Noguchi ◽  
Tadahiro Shibutani ◽  
Takahiro Saigo ◽  
Atsumi Miyake
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Technology Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Scientific Technology

A country’s scientific technology policy rarely reflects public opinion. In this study, we created a hierarchical model of societal well-being, comprising five value components for both individual and infrastructure well-being, to analyze the balance among these values. We conducted a survey in two stages; first, both individual and infrastructure well-being were investigated, and then the weights between pairs of value categories composing individual and infrastructure well-being were scored to assess which categories were most important. The analysis of the first stage used the score magnitudes, while that of the second stage used the analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that people value individual well-being more than infrastructure well-being. For both types of well-being, values related to the economy and safety were ranked as more important than the other values, but the weights were distributed over all value components. For individual well-being, the most important value category was the one related to safety, while for infrastructure well-being, it was economy. Therefore, people prioritize different values for themselves and for society as a whole. This suggests that when making decisions regarding technology, it is necessary to understand its effects on all fields and consider the balance between the value categories of well-being.

scholarly journals EVOLUCION DEL CONCEPTO DE SOCIEDAD UNIPERSONAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIAN ALBERTO BECERRA GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legislation And Jurisprudence ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Member Company ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The One ◽  
Two Stages

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p> </p><p>El presente escrito hace un análisis de la figura de la sociedad unipersonal en dos momentos. En el primer momento, se estudia cómo esta figura ha sido entendida por la doctrina y el derecho comparado. En el segundo momento, se hace una revisión de la evolución y estado actual de la sociedad unipersonal en Colombia, así como un análisis crítico de la normativa y jurisprudencia en torno a la materia.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palabras clave</strong></p><p> </p><p>Sociedad Unipersonal, Derecho Comparado, Legislación colombiana, Corte Constitucional.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>EVOLUTION</strong><strong> </strong><strong>OF THE CONCEPT OF</strong><strong> </strong><strong>SINGLE MEMBER COMPANY</strong><strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p> </p><p>The present paper provides an analysis of the figure of the one- person society two stages. At first, we study how this figure has been understood by the doctrine and comparative law. In the second stage, we review the evolution and current status of the member company in Colombia and a critical analysis of the legislation and jurisprudence on the matter.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key Words</strong></p><p> </p><p>One- person society, Comparative Law, Legislation Colombian Constitutional Court.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Evolução do conceito</strong><strong> de sociedade unipessoal</strong></p><p><br /> <strong>Resumo</strong><br /> <br /> O presente documento é uma análise da forma do unipessoal em duas fases. Em primeiro lugar, nós estudamos como essa figura tem sido entendido pela doutrina e do direito comparado. No segundo momento, é uma revisão da evolução e da situação atual da empresa membro na Colômbia, bem como uma análise crítica da lei e da jurisprudência sobre o assunto.</p><p><br /> Palavras-chave: Sociedade Sole, Direito Comparado, Legislação Corte Constitucional colombiana.</p><p> </p>

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

Analisis Kebutuhan Petunjuk Praktikum Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains untuk Mencapai Kemampuan Merancang Eksperimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Friska Septiani Silitonga ◽  
Veri Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Core Competence ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Science Process Skills ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Core Competence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Practical Instruction ◽  
Design Experiments

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan petunjuk praktikum berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) untuk mencapai kemampuan merancang eksperimen pada materi kalor reaksi kalorimetri. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tanjungpinang. Variabel penelitian mencakup analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dan analisis kesesuaian Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dengan cara membandingkan dua petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini telah digunakan di sekolah tersebut, ditinjau dari aspek struktur format penulisan, aspek kreativitas, dan aspek keterampilan proses sains yang terdapat dalam petunjuk praktikum. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini digunakan tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didiknya untuk merancang eksperimen yang telah ditentukan. Tahapan kedua yaitu menganalisis kesesuaian kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar, yang bertujuan untuk menentukan indikator pencapaian kompetensi (IPK) yang akan menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum berbasis keterampilan proses sains. Dari kedua tahapan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik memerlukan petunjuk praktikum yang mampu mengonstruksi pikiran dan mengaktifkan kinerja mereka, sehingga pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Sains menjadi pilihan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik kurikulum 2013.   This research aims to analyze the needs of Science Process Skills based Practical Instruction to achieve the ability to design experiments on the calor of reaction. This research was done to the students of class XI SMA Negeri 2 Tanjungpinang City. Research Variable includes the analysis of the needs of the learning materials and analysis of the suitability of the Core Competence (KI) and Basic Competence (KD). The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative research. The first stages in this research is to analyze the needs of learning materials by comparing two practical instructions that had been implementing in the school, from the aspects of the structure of writing format, creativity, and science process skills embedded in practical instructions. The conclusion of this research that current practical instructions does not give an opportunity to the participants to design determined experiments. The second stage, namely analyzing the suitability of core competence and basic competence, which aims to determine the indicators of achievement of the competencies (GPA) which will be a reference in developing process skills-based teaching instructions science. Of the two stages that has been done then it can be concluded that learners need practical instructions to construct  thinking and and their performance, so the Science Process Skills approach is an option in developing practical instruction suitable for the characteristics of the curriculum of 2013.

ESTIMATING GAS AND ROCK OUTBURST RISK ON THE BASIS OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE – THE EXPERT SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Outburst Hazard

Abstract The Author endeavored to consult some of the Polish experts who deal with assessing and preventing outburst hazards as to their knowledge and experience. On the basis of this knowledge, an expert system, based on fuzzy logic, was created. The system allows automatic assessment of outburst hazard. The work was completed in two stages. The first stage involved researching relevant sources and rules concerning outburst hazard, and, subsequently, determining a number of parameters measured or observed in the mining industry that are potentially connected with the outburst phenomenon and can be useful when estimating outburst hazard. Then, the Author contacted selected experts who are actively involved in preventing outburst hazard, both in the industry and science field. The experts were anonymously surveyed, which made it possible to select the parameters which are the most essential in assessing outburst hazard. The second stage involved gaining knowledge from the experts by means of a questionnaire-interview. Subjective opinions on estimating outburst hazard on the basis of the parameters selected during the first stage were then systematized using the structures typical of the expert system based on fuzzy logic.

Integrated assessment and mapping of the environmental situation in the Russian Federation regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 924 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
V.S. Tikunov ◽  
O.Yu. Chereshnia
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Environmental Capacity ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Stages

The article presents a methodology for a comprehensive assessment of the environmental situation in Russian Federation regions based on the pollution index and the index of the ecological tension. The evaluation was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the degree of pollution of the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere of the regions was estimated on the basis of the emission of pollutants into the atmosphere, departing from stationary sources, the formation of solid domestic wastes (SDW) and the discharge of contaminated wastewater. Based on these three indicators, a pollution index was constructed that estimates aggregate pollution level. In the second stage, the authors made the estimation of loads generated by atmospheric emissions, solid waste and waste water discharged into the territory of each region, per capita and in relation to the environmental capacity of the economy. This allows us to take into account the area of pollution, anthropogenic pressure and environmental responsibility of the population, as well as the environmental friendliness of production. On the basis of relative indicators, the index of ecological tension was created.

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