Taking a Bus from Immanuel to Mea Shearim: The Role of Israel's High Court of Justice in Regulating Ethnic and Gender Discrimination in the Haredi Ultra Orthodox Sector

Author(s):  
Margit Cohn
2021 ◽  
pp. 097168582110159
Author(s):  
Sital Mohanty ◽  
Subhasis Sahoo ◽  
Pranay Kumar Swain

Science, technology and human values have been the subject of enquiry in the last few years for social scientists and eventually the relationship between science and gender is the subject of an ongoing debate. This is due to the event of globalization which led to the exponential growth of new technologies like assisted reproductive technology (ART). ART, one of the most iconic technological innovations of the twentieth century, has become increasingly a normal social fact of life. Since ART invades multiple human discourses—thereby transforming culture, society and politics—it is important what is sociological about ART as well as what is biological. This article argues in commendation of sociology of technology, which is alert to its democratic potential but does not concurrently conceal the historical and continuing role of technology in legitimizing gender discrimination. The article draws the empirical insights from local articulations (i.e., Odisha state in eastern India) for the understandings of motherhood, freedom and choice, reproductive right and rights over the body to which ART has contributed. Sociologically, the article has been supplemented within the broader perspectives of determinism, compatibilism alongside feminism.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Simina Pîrvu

In a series of lectures in 1994, Nadine Gordimer remarks the different status of Africa which is no longer at the edge of the empire, but on the contrary, in the center of it. In this respect, post-apartheid Africa has rebuilt its national identity on the background of global events that write universal history, offering citizens the chance to escape their country's constraints and bring important key elements in the globalization process. Thus, replacing apartheid themes in a new country is an extreme task by the applicant. Some of the favourite subjects of the "old guard" are the following: the importance of multiculturalism in post-apartheid South Africa, the writer's status, vulgarisation of violence due to mass-media, reconciliation with a violent past and their economic and cultural implications, the fight against AIDS, sexual emancipation, globalization and loss of cultural and national identity, uprooting, migration and economic exile which replaced major pre-existing concerns about violence, racial and gender discrimination, the relationship between literature and politics, or the role of ethics in literature. The same situation can be applied to eastern countries. Even though they were not "postcolonial" in the classical sense of the term, applicable to the former British, French, Spanish, Portuguese or Dutch colonies, the "post-communist transition" through which they passed included the disarmament of a certain political and economic "occupation". People had to adapt to the new order, to the new reality, which was a complex process, a difficult one, that implied, many times, exile. Therefore, the purpose of my argument is to present what consequences can occur at the psychological level because of the attempt of adaptation of the characters to the new social and political order, by imitation, postcolonial and post-communist context. And here comes the question: does imitation facilitate adaptation? Although the logical answer would be yes, we will notice, by discussing the two texts, exactly the opposite.


2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-183
Author(s):  
Simone Heidegger

In the two main branches of Jōdo Shinshū (or Shin Buddhism), the Ōtani-ha and the Honganji-ha, a movement toward gender equality emerged in the 1980s. This movement and its development have brought about internal discussions on discrimination against women and an increasing awareness of gender issues, as well as concrete reforms of institutional laws. In the Ōtani-ha, a ruling that explicitly excluded women from becoming temple chief priests (jūshoku) led to protests and petitions by the association of chief priests’ wives and resulted in the establishment of the “Women’s Association to Consider Gender Discrimination in the Ōtani-ha.” Although the Honganji-ha has formally accepted female chief priests since 1946, the definition of the role of the bōmori (lit. temple guardian) as the temple chief priest’s wife suggested hierarchical gender roles, which also stimulated demands for reforms. This article shows the forms of gender discrimination which have been the focus of debates and discussions. Here, I present the reforms and changes that have been achieved over the past few decades and examine the reasons and influences that were instrumental during this process. In this context, I analyze the arguments used by both the reform-oriented and the conservative sides of the issue, and I also explore the relationship of this gender discrimination discourse to earlier Shin Buddhist social developments, such as internal reform movements and efforts to combat discrimination against burakumin.


Global Jurist ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Weill

AbstractSince the early years of the occupation, Israel has promoted a settlement policy and encouraged Israeli Jewish citizens to live in new communities it established in the OPT. Over the years, the Israeli and Palestinian populations living in separated cities and villages, situated side by side, over the entire Occupied West Bank, have been placed under the jurisdiction of two different sets of laws. The creation of this segregated legal regime in the OPT was indispensable in order to keep the original Palestinian population subordinated to military rule, denied civil rights and any democratic representation, and to carry out the settlements policy of the State of Israel. This article demonstrates through a critical analysis of case law, how the Israeli High Court of Justice, through the selective use (and misuse) of the law of military occupation, not only has legitimatized the creation of a segregation regime in the OPT but also has actively contributed to its formation by providing the State with the necessary legal tools required to design and implement it.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Muhammad Idris ◽  
Khalid Iqbal ◽  
Saqib Shehzad

Domestic violence, war against woman and gender inequality is the gender issues faced by both males and females. It is the phenomenon that not only dividend the home but also cultural, social, economic and political implications on human life. Education always plays a lucrative role in the eradication of social evils. This study was aimed to explore the root causes of domestic violence and gender inequality and the role of educational institutions in eradicating domestic violence. 200 teachers from government secondary schools were interviewed in which there were 120 male and 80 female. Informal interview was used as in-depth information was needed for the phenomenon. Modified analytical induction approach was applied according to the nature of the study. Themes and patterns were drawn from the interviews and conclusion was made. The study revealed that gender discrimination existed in the field of education, health, cultural, political, social and economic spheres of life in society. The study found out that male-dominant society, poverty, illiteracy, child issue, culture issue, morality, and psychological feelings were the factors responsible for domestic violence. Recommendations to eradicate this problem were made in the light of research findings.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Sulistyowati

Abstrak: Meskipun upaya penegakan keadilan dan kesetaraan gender terus disuarakan, nyatanya diskriminasi gender masih tetap eksis di masyarakat. Salah satu alasan yang mendasari ketidaksetaraan gender ialah masih dielu-elukannya paham partiarki yang memandang laki-laki sebagai pihak dominan dan mengesampingkan peran perempuan dalam tatanan sosial. Berangkat dari persepsi yang menganggap bahwa perempuan hanya disiapkan untuk menjadi seorang kepala dapur dalam keluarga menempatkan perempuan sebagai kaum yang termarjinalisasi dan tersubordir. Perempuan menjadi sasaran kekerasan dan pelecehan sosial yang mana dianggap sebagai kaum yang lemah dan tidak memiliki kuasa.Abstract:Even though efforts to uphold justice and gender equality continue to be voiced, in fact gender discrimination still exixts in society. One of the fundamental reasons for gender inequality is that the patriarchy concept is still praised who views men as the dominant party and ignores the role of women in social order. Departing from the perception that women are only prepared to be the head of the kitchen in the family, placing women as the marginalized and subverted people. Women become targets of violence and social harassment who are seen as weak and powerless.


AJIL Unbound ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kretzmer

One of the unique features of Israel's legal, military, and political control over the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) has been the review by the Supreme Court of Israel of the actions and decisions of the authorities in those territories. Sitting as a High Court of Justice that has the competence to review the actions of all persons exercising public functions under law, the Court has entertained thousands of petitions relating to the legality of such varied actions as house demolitions, deportations, land requisition, entry permits, and establishment of settlements. There can be little doubt that the very existence of judicial review has had a restraining effect on the authorities. While the Court has not ruled against the government that often, and has provided legitimization for acts of dubious legality, such as punitive house demolitions and deportations, it has handed down some important rulings on questions of principle. Furthermore, in the shadow of the Court, many petitions have been settled without a court ruling, allowing for a full or partial remedy for the Palestinian petitioner.


Author(s):  
Sébastien Michiels ◽  
Christophe Jalil Nordman ◽  
Suneha Seetahul

This study analyzes whether individual skills and personality traits facilitate labor market mobility of disadvantaged groups and rural migrants. We use a panel dataset of individuals in rural South India to explore the relationship between individual cognitive skills, personality traits, and income mobility. We take advantage of intragroup heterogeneity in terms of cognitive skills and personality traits to examine whether these personal characteristics enable individuals to overcome rigid social structures, exploring the role of these skills and traits in migrants’ income mobility. We show that despite strong rigidity in the area’s labor market structure, personality traits are important determinants of labor mobility, enabling individuals to overcome caste and gender discrimination, but that these personality traits do not contribute to increases in migrants’ income mobility.


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