Justifying and Categorizing Tort Doctrines: What Is the Optimal Level of Generality?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Level

MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG ADOLESCENT SCHOOL GIRLS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL OF JHANSI (U.P.)- A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhanshu Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Piyush D Swami ◽  
Anjana Niranjan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: According to World Health Organization, adolescents constitute about one fifth of the world population, and in India they constitute about 21% of the total population. Most of the surveys show that health status of adolescent girls is at sub-optimal level. Objectives: To assess nutritional status and morbidity pattern among the adolescent girls and to suggest measures for improvement of health status of adolescent girls.  Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 adolescent schoolgirls in Rural and urban field practice area of Jhansi school from January 2017 to July 2014. Results: Among the various morbidities eye problem was seen in maximum no of adolescent girls. Eye problem was present in 44.8% of adolescent girls followed by respiratory 14.7% and ear 13.06% disease. Skin disease was present in 3.2% of adolescent girls, which was more in rural girls 6.7% than in urban girls 1.7%, may be due to better hygienic practice in urban schoolgirls. Conclusions: Rural background, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, birth rate and order, income and number of members in a family have shown to be significant determinants of morbidity pattern in the adolescent girls. Keywords: Adolescent, anemia, morbidity, vaginal discharge.

A Linear Programming Model for Product Mix Profit Maximization in A Small Medium Enterprise Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Mohd Baki ◽  
Jack Kie Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Production Planning ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Linear Programming Model ◽  
Product Mix ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Production planning is often challenging for small medium enterprises (SMEs) company. Most of the SMEs are having difficulty in determining the optimal level of the production output which can affect their business performance. Product mix optimization is one of the main key for production planning. Many company have used linear programming model in determining the optimal combination of various products that need to be produced in order to maximize profit. Thus, this study aims for profit maximization of a SME company in Malaysia by using linear programming model. The purposes of this study are to identify the current process in the production line and to formulate a linear programming model that would suggest a viable product mix to ensure optimum profitability for the company. ABC Sdn Bhd is selected as a case study company for product mix profit maximization study. Some conclusive observations have been drawn and recommendations have been suggested. This study will provide the company and other companies, particularly in Malaysia, an exposure of linear programming method in making decisions to determine the maximum profit for different product mix.

On the possibility of targeted prophylaxis of calcitriol-associated pregnancy complications at the preclinical stage

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
N.V. Didenkul ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Placental Dysfunction

According to recent studies, in the vitamin D deficiency state (VDD), pregnancy can be complicated and the optimal level of VD in the blood is one of the conditions for the realization of reproductive potential. The objective: the possibility to preventing calcitriol-associated pregnancy complications by the correcting VD deficiency at the preconception period. Materials and methods. 57 women with VDD were examined. A history of all women had a pregnancy complicated by placental dysfunction (PD); 27 of them were observed from the preconception period (main group – IA) and 30 – from the 1st trimester of pregnancy (comparison group – IB). The VD status by the blood level of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D by ELISA was determined. Women of both groups, in addition to the vitamin-mineral complex (VMC) were prescribed supplementation colecalciferol at a dose of 4.000 IU per day. Pregnant women of both groups received VMCs up to 16 weeks. After optimizing the level (3–4 months), women continued to take VD at a dose of 2.000 IU per day throughout pregnancy. Results. At the initial study, the VD level was 15.72±2.59 ng/ml in ІА and 16.1±1.99 ng/ml in ІВ group (U=883; p>0.05); after treatment increased to 38.31±3.29 ng/ml and 36.13±2.99 ng/ml (U=900; p>0.05). In group IA, the course of pregnancy was characterized by a lower frequency of complications: PD was diagnosed in 22.2% in group IA and 50% in group IB (F=0.0001; p<0.01); fetal distress in 3.7% and 10% (F=0.16; p<0.05): signs of amnionitis – in 18.5% and 33.3% (F=0.035; p<0.05); placental hypertrophy or hypotrophy – in 7.4% and 36.7% (F=0.00001; p<0.01), preeclampsia in 3.7% and 6.7% of women (F=0,54; p<0.05). The frequency of cesarean section in the comparison group was significantly higher (40% VS 25.9%, F=0.034; p<0.05). Conclusions. During pregnancy, which occurred in conditions of VDD, the frequency of some pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, the threat of miscarriage, placental dysfunction was in 2–4 times higher than in women with optimized VD status. One of the directions of the individual management plan for women with a negative obstetric history can be the determination of the level of VD in the blood and correction of the VDD at the preconception period. This approach is a pathogenetically substantiated and promising direction for the prevention of some pregnancy complications and improvement of perinatal outcomes. Keywords: pregnancy, deficiency vitamin D, placental dysfunction, preconception period.

Kajian Kandungan Fe dalam Air Tanah Terhadap Kadar Ekskresi Yodium dalam Urin pada Anak Sekolah di Desa Cerme Kecamatan Panjatan Kabupaten Kulon Progo

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Vivi Linda Fristianti ◽  
Nur Hidayat ◽  
Slamet Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
School Children ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fe Content

Background : IDD problem is a serious problem, 33% of districts in Indonesia are endemic, 21% of endemic mild, moderate endemic 5% and 7% by weight endemic. Urine Iodine Excretion (EYU) illustrates the iodine intake of a person, because 90% of the iodine that enter the body are excreted through the urine. Blocking agents are substances certain minerals such as iron, manganese and calcium, which can bind iodine in groundwater. Objectives : This study aims to determine the relationship of Fe content in ground water sources against EYU levels in school children in the village of the District Cerme Panjatan Kulon Progo. Methods : An observational analytic research with cross sectional design. Data collection is done in May - June 2015. Location research Elementary School Cerme, District Panjatan Kulon Progo. The subjects of the study as many as 34 children in elementary school classroom Cerme 3, 4 and 5 were taken by simple random sampling. Well water and urine samples taken students then tested the iron in the Central Health Laboratory test Yogyakarta and iodine in urine in Magelang BP2GAKY Laboratory. Data analysis using Spearman Range test with significancy level : 0.05. Result : Fe content in the ground water is below the normal threshold is <0.3 mg / L. While levels EYU school children who are under the optimal level of 5.9%, the optimal level of 32.4%, and the optimum levels above 61.8% (optimal: 100 - 199μg / L). Conclusion : There was no significant relationship between the Fe content in groundwater with levels of EYU in school children in District Panjatan Kulon Progo (p = 0.447).   Keywords: Fe, EYU

Reed (Phragmites australis agg.) dominated plant communities in the Lower Volga Valley

2015 ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
V. B. Golub ◽  
V. V. Bondareva ◽  
A. N. Sorokin ◽  
L. F. Nikolaychuk
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Original Structure ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Lower Volga

Plant communities with reed domination (Phragmites australis agg.) occupy the large areas in the Lower Volga Valley and especially in the river delta. We have set the task to reveal the diversity of these communities in the Lower Volga Valley. For this purpose, we applied the database that is registered in the Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases (GIVD) under the EU-RU–002 index (http://www.givd.info/) and includes 14871 relevés made during the period from 1924 to 2013. Communities with the dominance of reed were defined as such, if the coverage of this plant was more than 50 %. We have found 375 such relevés in the database. At first, one basal community, 3 associations and 3 subassociations with domination of Phragmites australis agg. were distinguished in the Lower Volga Valley. All processing and analysis of relevés were performed using the software package JUICE 7.0. (Tichý, 2002). The «Cocktail» method was applied to establish the sociological groups that indicate environmental conditions (Bruelheide, 2000). The expert system for selection from the database of relevés by means of these groups was created. It is allowed us to ascribe relevés to earlier distinguished associations, subassociations and basal community. 171 relevés have been identified by the expert system and they were assigned to association, subassociation or the basal community. 204 relevés were not referred to any association, subassociation or the basal community. We wanted to answer the question: are there among these 204 relevés, which could be interpreted as the new syntaxa, giving them the proper ecological characteristics? For this purpose, the cluster analysis of 204 relevés has been carried out. The optimal level of clustering was determined by calculating the index of “crispness of classification” (Botta-Dukát et al., 2005). The greatest “crispness of classification” was reached at allocation of 13 clusters. Consideration of the floristic composition of allocated groups had shown that 11 of them were the transitional plant communities among the earlier established syntaxa. Only two clusters were differed in rather original structure that we could explain by the influence of environment factors. We have identified them as new associations Rubio tataricae-Phragmitetum australis and Cynancho acuti-Phragmitetum australis. All associations with the dominance of Phragmites australis agg. distinguished in the Lower Volga Valley were included in the alliance Phragmition communis Koch 1926, order Phragmitetalia communis Koch 1926. In literary sources from the ecological point of view these syntaxa are defined as the wetland communities, which are closely linked to water bodies (Šumberová et al., 2011; Ermakov, 2012). However, in many cases this definition does not correspond to the ecology of plant communities with the dominance of reed in the lower reaches of the Volga River. Ecotops of these communities are flooded for up to 2–3 months in a year and then they dry out. In the autumn, the ground water level can drop to a depth of one meter (Golub et al., 2011). The plant satellites of the reed here are often mesophytic plants such as Rubus caesius, Calamagrostis epigeios, Phalaris arundinacea, Rubia tatarica, Althaea officinalis, and Rumex stenophyllus. Therefore, the inclusion of phytocoenosises with domination of the reed in the lower reaches of the Volga River in the alliance Phragmition communis is rather relative. A correct placement of these plant communities in the system of vegetation syntaxa of the arid areas can be made only if it is based on original data obtained from much bigger territory than the Lower Volga Valley. In future geobotanical studies, it is desirable to divide the aggregation of Phragmites australis agg. into smaller species taxa.

HYGIENIC MODELING FOR THE EXAMINATION OF BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS DURING THE COMMISSION STAGE

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Kuchma ◽  
M.I. Stеpanova ◽  
T.V. Shumkova ◽  
I.E. Aleksandrova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Viewing Angle ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Educational Facilities ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Children Education

For the purpose of the development of novel approaches during the commission stage, the hygienic assessment of conditions of training in specially constructed innovative building of SKOLKOVO International Gymnasium was performed. Hygienic examination of innovative architectural and planning solutions, learning conditions and hygienic modeling of the optimal placement of furniture and equipment in multi-faceted educational facilities with panoramic glazing made it possible to predict the provision of the gymnasium with an optimal level of sanitary and epidemiological well-being of students. This is achieved by the innovative layout of the gymnasium building and its territory. Hygienic specification of zoning of both buildings and premises of the educational institution, include the requirements to satisfy the hygienic criteria on children education, motor activity, organization of proper nutrition, and using the building as a center for family leisure. Hygienic modeling of educational furniture and equipment provides optimal conditions (viewing angle) for visual work of students in all multifaceted classes. The obtained data are the basis for amendments to the state sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations in the field of organization of education and upbringing of children.

scholarly journals PSX-7 Effect of varying levels of hempseed meal supplementation on animal performance, rumen fermentation, and blood metabolites of growing meat goats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 459-460
Author(s):  
Frank W Abrahamsen ◽  
Nar Gurung ◽  
Woubit Abdela ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Kim Mullenix
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Hempseed meal (HSM) is a byproduct of hemp oil production and is high in crude protein, fiber, and fat, making it a potential feedstuff for ruminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HSM supplementation on growth performance, rumen fermentation and blood chemistry profile of growing meat goats. Forty castrated, Boer cross goats were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments (n = 10): control, 10%, 20%, and 30% HSM supplementation. Data collected over a period of a 60-day feeding trial were analyzed utilizing the mixed model analysis function of SYSTAT, version 13. The result revealed total live weight gain decreased with the increasing levels of HSM supplementation 10.75, 9.53, 8.48, and 7.80 kg, for 0, 10, 20, and 30%, respectively. Average daily gain followed the same trend 0.179, 0.159, 0.141, and 0.13 kg, with a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) observed between the control and 30 % supplementation. Conversely, feed to gain ratio increased with the increasing levels of supplementation 9.0, 10.2, 11.9, 12.2, likewise a significant difference was observed (P &lt; 0.05) between the control and 30% supplementation. Acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, iso-valeric, and iso-butyric acid concentrations as well as the total VFA concentration decreased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with the increasing level of supplementation. Acetic to propionic acid ratios increased with increasing level of supplementation 3.43, 4.36, 4.52, and 4.59, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were observed between control-20% and 30% HSM group. Serum glucose concentration decreased with an increasing rate of HSM supplementation while BUN concentration increased with no significant differences. These findings provide new insights into the feeding value of HSM for meat goats; however, further research needs to be conducted to determine the optimal level of supplementation.

scholarly journals RSF1 in cancer: interactions and functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiyang Cai ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Level ◽  
Cell Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Protein Homeostasis ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Cyclin E1 ◽  
Spacing Factor ◽  
Cycle Checkpoint ◽  
Cancer Types

AbstractRSF1, remodelling and spacing factor 1, is an important interphase centromere protein and is overexpressed in many types of cancers and correlated with poor overall survival. RSF1 has functions mainly in maintaining chromosome stability, facilitating DNA repair, maintaining the protein homeostasis of RSF1 and suppressing the transcription of some oncogenes when RSF1 protein is expressed at an optimal level; however, RSF1 overexpression facilitates drug resistance and cell cycle checkpoint inhibition to prompt cancer proliferation and survival. The RSF1 expression level and gene background are crucial for RSF1 functions, which may explain why RSF1 has different functions in different cancer types. This review summarizes the functional domains of RSF1, the overexpression status of RSF1 and SNF2H in cancer based on the TCGA and GTEX databases, the cancer-related functions of RSF1 in interacting with H2Aub, HDAC1, CENP-A, PLK1, ATM, CENP-S, SNF2H, HBX, BubR1, cyclin E1, CBP and NF-κB and the potential clinical value of RSF1, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the structural biology study of RSF1 and application of RSF1 inhibitors, truncated RSF1 proteins and SNF2H inhibitors in the treatment of RSF1-overexpressing tumours.

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