scholarly journals On uniform large-scale volume growth for the Carnot–Carathéodory metric on unbounded model hypersurfaces in ℂ2

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan Dlugie ◽  
Aaron Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Carathéodory Metric

Bt-Cry3Aa transgene expression reduces insect damage and improves growth in field-grown hybrid poplar

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Klocko ◽  
Richard Meilan ◽  
Rosalind R. James ◽  
Venkatesh Viswanath ◽  
Cathleen Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Hybrid Poplar ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Leaf Beetle ◽  
Insect Damage ◽  
Beetle Damage

The stability and value of transgenic pest resistance for promoting tree growth are poorly understood. These data are essential for determining if such trees could be beneficial to commercial growers in the face of substantial regulatory and marketing costs. We investigated growth and insect resistance in hybrid poplar expressing the cry3Aa transgene in two field trials. An initial screening of 502 trees comprising 51 transgenic gene insertion events in four clonal backgrounds (Populus trichocarpa × Populus deltoides, clones 24-305, 50-197, and 198-434; and P. deltoides × Populus nigra, clone OP-367) resulted in transgenic trees with greatly reduced insect damage. A large-scale study of 402 trees from nine insertion events in clone OP-367, conducted over two growing seasons, demonstrated reduced tree damage and significantly increased volume growth (mean 14%). Quantification of Cry3Aa protein indicated high levels of expression, which continued after 14 years of annual or biannual coppice in a clone bank. With integrated management, the cry3Aa gene appears to be a highly effective tool for protecting against leaf beetle damage and improving yields from poplar plantations.

scholarly journals Early Field Growth of Loblolly Pine Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frampton ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Early growth and fusiform rust resistance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted cuttings and seedlings from the same nine full-sib families established on two sites (Nassau Co., FL and Monroe Co., AL) were compared. Although site effects on growth were large, height, diameter and volume growth of the rooted cuttings and seedlings did not differ through the first six growing seasons in the field (with the exception of first year height growth at the Florida site). Fusiform rust (caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme [Cumm.] Burds. et Snow) incidence at age 6 yr was significantly lower in the rooted cuttings than the seedlings at both the Florida site (15.6 versus 22.3 %, respectively) and the Alabama site (46. 0 versus 51.0%, respectively). In addition, correlations of full-sib family performance between (1) rooted cuttings and seedlings and (2) rooted cuttings and seedling progeny test data were positive, statistically significant and moderate to high for both growth traits and fusiform rust incidence. Thus, families or individual trees selected from seedling genetic tests in existing tree improvement programs should also perform well as rooted cuttings. These results and those from similar studies indicate that field performance of loblolly pine rooted cuttings derived from seedling hedges should not be a concern. Large-scale propagation using rooted cuttings will deliver predicted gains from the selection and deployment of elite full-sib families and clones. In addition, the use of rooted cutting planting stock may offer a further reduction in fusiform rust incidence. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):98-105.

scholarly journals Response of Black Spruce to Thinning and Fertilization in a Drained Swamp

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham R. Hillman ◽  
Sam K. Takyi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Experimental Project ◽  
Four Blocks ◽  
Plot Design ◽  
Area And Volume

Abstract A split-plot design experiment replicated in four blocks was established to determine the effects of thinning (main plots) and fertilization (subplots) on growth of a 50- to 60-yr-old stagnant stand of black spruce on a shallow peatland (swamp) in Alberta drained in the previous year in a large-scale experimental project to convert it to a future merchantable stand. The thinning treatments were selective hand-spacing to 1600 trees ha-1 and no thinning. The hand-broadcast fertilizer treatments were: no fertilizer, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), NP, PK, NK, and NPK. Nitrogen as NH4NO3 was applied at 200 kg ha-1, P as triplesuperphosphate at 100 kg ha-1, and K as potassium chloride at 100 kg ha-1. After six growing seasons, diameter at breast height, basal area, and volume growth were significantly greater in the thinned treatment than for the same number of large (dominant and codominant) trees in the unthinned treatment. Thinning had no significant effect on height growth. Nitrogen significantly increased dbh, height, basal area, and volume growth, and NP increased the basal area and volume growth. P, K, and PK treatments showed little effects on growth, and P applied alone tended to reduce growth. The results indicated it will be beneficial to supplement drainage with thinning or fertilization with N and N-containing fertilizers or with both shortly after drainage, particularly when other researchers have indicated black spruce may take several years to respond to drainage. North. J. Appl. For. 15(2):98-105.

Some comments about observations and image processing of comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
D. Kubáček ◽  
A. Galád ◽  
A. Pravda
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Harvard College ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Large Scale Structures ◽  
Short Period Comet ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Harvard College Observatory ◽  
Period Comet

AbstractUnusual short-period comet 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1 inspired many observers to explain its unpredictable outbursts. In this paper large scale structures and features from the inner part of the coma in time periods around outbursts are studied. CCD images were taken at Whipple Observatory, Mt. Hopkins, in 1989 and at Astronomical Observatory, Modra, from 1995 to 1998. Photographic plates of the comet were taken at Harvard College Observatory, Oak Ridge, from 1974 to 1982. The latter were digitized at first to apply the same techniques of image processing for optimizing the visibility of features in the coma during outbursts. Outbursts and coma structures show various shapes.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Large-scale Motion of Solar Filaments

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Pavel Ambrož ◽  
Alfred Schroll
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Solar Filaments ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Scale Motion ◽  
Velocity Scatter

AbstractPrecise measurements of heliographic position of solar filaments were used for determination of the proper motion of solar filaments on the time-scale of days. The filaments have a tendency to make a shaking or waving of the external structure and to make a general movement of whole filament body, coinciding with the transport of the magnetic flux in the photosphere. The velocity scatter of individual measured points is about one order higher than the accuracy of measurements.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

Electron microscopy study of reactively sputter-deposited Ti/N films on silicon

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1362-1363
Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tin Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fcc Phase ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.

Evolution of the microstructure of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers annealed in NH3

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 452-453
Author(s):  
J. Liu ◽  
N. D. Theodore ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
S. Russell ◽  
T. L. Alford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Alloy Film ◽  
Electron Beam Evaporation ◽  
Copper Metallization ◽  
Nominal Composition ◽  
Ti Alloy ◽  
Thermally Grown

Copper-based metallization has recently attracted extensive research because of its potential application in ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) of semiconductor devices. The feasibility of copper metallization is, however, limited due to its thermal stability issues. In order to utilize copper in metallization systems diffusion barriers such as titanium nitride and other refractory materials, have been employed to enhance the thermal stability of copper. Titanium nitride layers can be formed by annealing Cu(Ti) alloy film evaporated on thermally grown SiO2 substrates in an ammonia ambient. We report here the microstructural evolution of Cu(Ti)/SiO2 layers during annealing in NH3 flowing ambient.The Cu(Ti) films used in this experiment were prepared by electron beam evaporation onto thermally grown SiO2 substrates. The nominal composition of the Cu(Ti) alloy was Cu73Ti27. Thermal treatments were conducted in NH3 flowing ambient for 30 minutes at temperatures ranging from 450°C to 650°C. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared by the standard procedure.

Immunogold labeling of CMP-KDO synthetase produced by recombinant E. Coli cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 924-925
Author(s):  
F. A. Durum ◽  
R. G. Goldman ◽  
T. J. Bolling ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Concentrations

CMP-KDO synthetase (CKS) is an enzyme which plays a key role in the synthesis of LPS, an outer membrane component unique to gram negative bacteria. CKS activates KDO to CMP-KDO for incorporation into LPS. The enzyme is normally present in low concentrations (0.02% of total cell protein) which makes it difficult to perform large scale isolation and purification. Recently, the gene for CKS from E. coli was cloned and various recombinant DNA constructs overproducing CKS several thousandfold (unpublished data) were derived. Interestingly, no cytoplasmic inclusions of overproduced CKS were observed by EM (Fig. 1) which is in contrast to other reports of large proteinaceous inclusion bodies in various overproducing recombinant strains. The present immunocytochemical study was undertaken to localize CKS in these cells.Immune labeling conditions were first optimized using a previously described cell-free test system. Briefly, this involves soaking small blocks of polymerized bovine serum albumin in purified CKS antigen and subjecting them to various fixation, embedding and immunochemical conditions.

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