scholarly journals Gender Differences in Achievement Motivation of Employed Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Ružić ◽  
◽  
Krunoslav, ml. Matešić ◽  
Antonia Štefanec ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Professional Success ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Achievement Motivation Inventory ◽  
Definition Of

Achievement motivation is a concept that can be used for the explanation of individual differences in achievement and success in various contexts as well as an explanation of motivated behaviour. Despite the fact that a generally accepted definition of achievement motivation is still lacking because of disagreement over the traits it encompasses, numerous studies have been conducted on this subject. Researchers agree that achievement motivation is an important factor in professional life, particularly in achieving high professional success when external demands for focusing activity on achieving goals are minimal. It is of particular importance for those activities that have low structure levels and high autonomy. The study included 267 employed adults (124 males and 143 females) older than 18 years. Participants completed the Achievement Motivation Inventory (AMI) which consists of 17 achievement motivation scales. Individual scales form three clusters of motivational facets relating to self-assurance, ambition and self-control. The aim of the study was to determine the existence of gender differences in individual achievement motivation dimensions in employed adults in the Republic of Croatia. The results show the existence of significant gender differences in achievement motivation facets related to self-assurance and ambition in favour of males (e.g. confidence in success, dominance, and fearlessness) and self-control in favour of females. These results are in agreement with previous research and contribute to the usefulness of multifaceted measures of achievement motivation. Keywords: achievement motivation, gender differences, AMI

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Psikologis Terhadap Adversity Quotient Mahasiswa Penghafal Al-Qur’an

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Atina Mahdiyya Theofani ◽  
Bambang Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Achievement Motivation Inventory

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of emotional intelligence, achievement motivation, and demographic profile on the adversity quotient of students memorizing Qur'an. This study involved a sample of 205 students memorizing the Qur'an with a nonprobability sampling technique (purposive sampling). Measuring instruments used in this study are adaptations of Adversity Quotient Profile (AQP), Assessing Emotion Scale (AES), Achievement Motivation Inventory (AMI). Test the validity of measuring instruments using the technique of confimatory factor analysis (CFA). Data analysis uses multiple regression analysis techniques. The results showed a significant influence on emotional intelligence, achievement motivation, and demographic profile on the adversity quotient of students memorizing the Qur'an. The significant dimensions that influence are the regulation of emotional self from emotional intelligence variables and self-control of achievement motivation variables. Future studies are expected to develop this research by involving variables of religiosity, spirituality, and parenting parents.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecerdasan emosi, motivasi berprestasi, dan profil demografi terhadap adversity quotient mahasiswa penghafal Al-Qur’an. Penelitian ini melibatkan sampel 205 mahasiswa penghafal Al-Qur’an dengan teknik nonprobability sampling (purposive sampling). Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah adaptasi dari Adversity Quotient Profile (AQP), Assessing Emotion Scale (AES), Achievement Motivation Inventory (AMI). Uji validitas alat ukur menggunakan teknik confimatory factor analysis (CFA). Analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan pada kecerdasan emosi, motivasi berprestasi, dan profil demografi terhadap adversity quotient mahasiswa penghafal Al-Qur’an. Adapun dimensi yang signifikan berpengaruh adalah pengaturan emosi diri dari variabel kecerdasan emosi dan pengendalian diri dari variabel motivasi berprestasi. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat mengembangkan penelitian ini dengan melibatkan variabel religiusitas, spiritualitas, dan pola asuh orang tua.

scholarly journals PERCEPTION OF MANAGER’S IMAGE IN THE SPHERE OF HOTEL SERVICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF ARTSAKH

2019 ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
L. S. Petrosyan
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Image Perception ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Hotel Service ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
External Characteristics

Some definitions of image, its essence, quality, providing success of performance of work or interfering professional activity of the manager have been considered. The results of an empirical research of a manager’s positive image perception by consumers in the sphere of hotel service of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh have been analyzed. Also, on the basis of a theoretical analysis of the definitions of the “image” concept, the main approaches to its study, methods, mechanisms, functions and socio-psychological components, the definition of the manager’s image in the in the sphere of hotel service as an attractive image has been formulated, including the image of I, manifesting in certain business, personal qualities and external characteristics, in the continuous development of self-actualization and achievement motivation.

Large-Scale Demonstration Experiment of Mental Imagery Ability

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Richard Ferraro
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Mental Imagery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Introductory Psychology Class ◽  
Imagery Ability ◽  
Psychology Class ◽  
Demonstration Experiment ◽  
And Gender

The present article describes a demonstration experiment used in a large introductory psychology class pertaining to mental imagery ability. The experiment is effective in providing a concrete instance of mental imagery as well as an effective discussion regarding individual differences and gender differences in imagery ability.

scholarly journals Genetic and environmental architecture of conscientiousness in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takahashi ◽  
Anqing Zheng ◽  
Shinji Yamagata ◽  
Juko Ando
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Per Se

AbstractUsing a genetically informative design (about 2000 twin pairs), we investigated the phenotypic and genetic and environmental architecture of a broad construct of conscientiousness (including conscientiousness per se, effortful control, self-control, and grit). These four different measures were substantially correlated; the coefficients ranged from 0.74 (0.72–0.76) to 0.79 (0.76–0.80). Univariate genetic analyses revealed that individual differences in conscientiousness measures were moderately attributable to additive genetic factors, to an extent ranging from 62 (58–65) to 64% (61–67%); we obtained no evidence that shared environmental influences were observed. Multivariate genetic analyses showed that for the four measures used to assess conscientiousness, genetic correlations were stronger than the corresponding non-shared environmental correlations, and that a latent common factor accounted for over 84% of the genetic variance. Our findings suggest that individual differences in the four measures of conscientiousness are not distinguishable at both the phenotypic and behavioural genetic levels, and that the overlap was substantially attributable to genetic factors.

scholarly journals Dispositional individual differences in cognitive effort investment: establishing the core construct

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Kührt ◽  
Sebastian Pannasch ◽  
Stefan J. Kiebel ◽  
Alexander Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Effortful Control ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Effort Discounting ◽  
Cognitive Motivation ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

Abstract Background Individuals tend to avoid effortful tasks, regardless of whether they are physical or mental in nature. Recent experimental evidence is suggestive of individual differences in the dispositional willingness to invest cognitive effort in goal-directed behavior. The traits need for cognition (NFC) and self-control are related to behavioral measures of cognitive effort discounting and demand avoidance, respectively. Given that these traits are only moderately related, the question arises whether they reflect a common core factor underlying cognitive effort investment. If so, the common core of both traits might be related to behavioral measures of effort discounting in a more systematic fashion. To address this question, we aimed at specifying a core construct of cognitive effort investment that reflects dispositional differences in the willingness and tendency to exert effortful control. Methods We conducted two studies (N = 613 and N = 244) with questionnaires related to cognitive motivation and effort investment including assessment of NFC, intellect, self-control and effortful control. We first calculated Pearson correlations followed by two mediation models regarding intellect and its separate aspects, seek and conquer, as mediators. Next, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis of a hierarchical model of cognitive effort investment as second-order latent variable. First-order latent variables were cognitive motivation reflecting NFC and intellect, and effortful self-control reflecting self-control and effortful control. Finally, we calculated Pearson correlations between factor scores of the latent variables and general self-efficacy as well as traits of the Five Factor Model of Personality for validation purposes. Results Our findings support the hypothesized correlations between the assessed traits, where the relationship of NFC and self-control is specifically mediated via goal-directedness. We established and replicated a hierarchical factor model of cognitive motivation and effortful self-control that explains the shared variance of the first-order factors by a second-order factor of cognitive effort investment. Conclusions Taken together, our results integrate disparate literatures on cognitive motivation and self-control and provide a basis for further experimental research on the role of dispositional individual differences in goal-directed behavior and cost–benefit-models.

Individual differences in political aggression: The role of social integration, perceived grievances and low self-control

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven J.R. Pauwels ◽  
Vanja Ljujic ◽  
Ann De Buck
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Content Support ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
And Function

Several models have been suggested for studying (self-reported) aggression. Less frequently, these theories are empirically applied to explain individual differences in political aggression. The present study examines the role of distal, intermediate and proximate mechanisms in a net-sample of 6020 young adults. Using log-linear structural equation modelling, the independent effects of cumulative social integration, perceived personal and group injustices and low self-control are assessed. It is assumed that these factors contribute to the ‘crystallization of discontent’ by fostering religious authoritarianism, political powerlessness, support for extremist beliefs and online exposure to extremist content. Support for extremist content and online exposure to extremist content are strong predictors, and function as different routes towards political aggression. The results support an integrated approach towards the study of political aggression. Implications for future studies are discussed.

Triumvirate and Principate

1973 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 50-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fergus Millar
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Res Publica

More than thirty years after its publication The Roman Revolution still stands unrivalled, not as the ‘definitive’ account of the emergence of a monarch from the ruins of the Republic but as something far more than that, the demonstration of a new method in the presentation of historical change. The aspect of this method, which has found most imitation, is of course prosopography; and it is indeed essential to it. But far more important is the use made of contemporary literature to mirror events, and to analyse and define the concepts and the terms in which the events were seen by those who lived through them.It is the common characteristic, perhaps even the definition, of great works of history that they invite imitation and offer a challenge, not just to apply their methods and standards to other areas, but to pursue their own conclusions further. The present paper is gratefully offered as an attempt to portray with a different emphasis some aspects of the establishment of Octavian as a monarch, first by demonstrating the extent to which the institutions of the res publica remained active in the Triumviral period, and secondly by redefining the change which culminated in 27 B.C., precisely by asking again in what terms it and the novus status which emerged from it were seen by contemporaries.

Zur Frage der doktrinellen Auslegung des Artikels 61 Pkt. 3 der Verfassung der Republik Kasachstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Ermek B. Abdrasulov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legislative Process ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
National Business

This article examines the issues of differentiation of legislative and subordinate regulation of public relations. It is noted that in the process of law-making activities, including the legislative process, practical questions often arise about the competence of various state bodies to establish various legal norms and rules. These issues are related to the need to establish a clear legal meaning of the constitutional norms devoted to the definition of the subject of regulation of laws. In particular, there is a need to clarify the provisions of paragraph 3 of Article 61 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan in terms of the concepts "the most important public relations", "all other relations", "subsidiary legislation", as well as to establish the relationship between these concepts. Interpretation is also required by the provisions of p. 4 of Article 61 of the Constitution in terms of clarifying the question of whether the conclusion follows from mentioned provisions that all possible social relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan are subject to legal regulation, including those that are subject to other social and technical regulators (morality, national, business and professional traditions and customs, religion, standards, technical regulations, etc.). Answering the questions raised, the author emphasizes that the law and bylaws, as a rule, constitute a single system of legislation, performing the functions of primary and secondary acts. However, the secondary nature of subsidiary legislation does not mean that they regulate "unimportant" public relations. The law is essentially aimed at regulating all important social relations.

Criminological assessment of the identity of the offender serving a sentence of imprisonment for crimes related to drug trafficking for the purpose of sale (on the example of the Republic of Belarus)

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Светлана Михайловна Казакевич
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Illicit Drug Trafficking ◽  
Criminological Analysis

В статье проанализированы имеющиеся в научной литературе точки зрения относительно понятия «личность преступника», представлена авторская дефиниция личности преступника, совершающего преступления в сфере незаконного оборота наркотиков с целью сбыта. Криминологическому анализу подвергнуты осужденные, отбывающие наказание в виде лишения за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, по ч. 2, 3 ст. 328 Уголовного кодекса Республики Беларусь. По результатам проведенного эмпирического исследования выявлены особенности социально-демографического, медицинского, уголовно-правового и нравственно-психологического характера, присущие осужденным указанной категории. Обосновывается необходимость осуществления сотрудниками исправительных учреждений постоянного мониторинга личностных качеств осужденных за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков с целью сбыта, и выработки на этой основе наиболее оптимальных вариантов проведения с ними индивидуальной воспитательной работы. Представлена авторская разработка криминологической модели личности преступника, отбывающего наказание в виде лишения свободы за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков с целью сбыта. The article analyzes the points of view of scientists regarding the concept of “the identity of the criminal”, presents the author’s definition of the identity of the criminal who commits crimes in the sphere of illicit drug trafficking with a view to marketing. Convicted prisoners who are serving a sentence of deprivation for crimes related to drug trafficking, according to the following parts, are subjected to criminological analysis. 2, 3 tbsp. 328 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus. According to the results of the empirical research, the peculiarities of the socio-demographic, medical, criminal law, and moral-psychological nature of the convicts of this category were revealed. It justifies the need for employees of correctional institutions to continuously monitor the personal qualities of those convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking with a view to selling, and to develop on this basis the most optimal options for carrying out individual educational work with them. The author presents the development of a criminological model of the identity of a criminal who is serving a sentence of imprisonment for crimes related to drug trafficking with a view to selling.

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