Antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants against acne-inducing bacteria Propionibacterium acnes

The antimicrobial activities of three medicinal plants (Senna alata L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss, and Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.) against pimples causing bacterium Propionibacterium acnes was studied using disc diffusion method. Extracts from each plant were used on the bacterium at three different dosage concentrations (0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL). Their Zone of inhibition was measured in millimeter (mm) and compared against a known synthetic standard (Gentamycin). Results indicate that the plants differ significantly in their activity against the studied microorganism. S. alata had the highest inhibitory effect of all the plants used (26.00 mm, 30.67 mm and 36.00 mm, for 0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL dosage concentration, respectively). This was followed by A. indica with 9.33 mm, 15.67 mm and 16.67 mm zone of inhibition for 0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL dosage concentration, respectively. A. vera had no effect (0.0 mm zone of inhibition) at 0.1 mL and 0.15 mL dosage concentrations, but at 2.0 mL dosage concentration, 4.0 mm zone of inhibition was achieved. Gentamycin showed zones of inhibition of 17.33 mm, 26.67 mm and 22.67 mm, for 0.1 mL, 0.15 mL and 0.2 mL dosage concentration, respectively. A comparison of all result obtained from the three plant extracts and gentamycin shows that S. alata have a significantly higher (p > 0.05) inhibitory effect against the pimples causing bacterium; Propionibacterium acnes than all the other treatments. The trend follows S. alata > Gentamycin > A. indica > A. vera, respectively, in terms of their inhibitory effect. Therefore, S. alata is more active and is the most appropriate plant to be used for treating of acne vulgaris among the three plant species selected for this experiment.

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Anticandidal Activity of Cratoxylum formosum Gum and its Cytotoxicity

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.394 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 974 ◽

pp. 394-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sroisiri Thaweboon ◽

Boonyanit Thaweboon ◽

Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽

Passiri Nisalak ◽

Rattiporn Kaypetch

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Mountainous Area ◽

Cytotoxicity Test ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

Cratoxylumformosumis a plant widely distributed in mountainous area of various Asian countries. The extract prepared from the burnt bark has been used among the local people as a varnish to prevent tooth decay and other oral diseases. The aim of this study was to examine antifungal activity ofC. formosumgum againstCandidaalbicansand to evaluate its cytotoxicity. The gum prepared from the extract ofC.formosumwas investigated for antimicrobial activity against 3 strains ofC.albicans. Inhibition of microbial growth was primarily tested by agar diffusion method. A two-fold broth dilution method was then used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the gum. Based on the MIC value, cytotoxicity test was performed on mouse fibroblasts (ATCC clone 929) using agar overlay technique. Inhibitory effect of the gum was seen againstC. albicanswith zones of inhibition ranging from 8.0 to 9.3 mm. MIC values were between 0.50 and 1.25 mg/mL. In term of cytotoxicity,C. formosumgum at the concentration of 20 MIC (25 mg/mL) was classified as grade 3 (moderate cytotoxicity) whereas those of 10 MIC and 1 MIC were grade 1 (slight cytotoxicity). In conclusion, the gum prepared fromC. formosumextract exhibited antimicrobial activities against all the test strains ofC. albicans. From the present study, it can be suggested that this plant can be used as a novel antifungal agent, effective againstC.albicansinfections, due to its inhibitory effects onC. albicansand acceptable biocompatibility. Furtherin vitro/in vivostudies should be conducted to understand the mechanisms of action and to establish the safe profile of this gum for clinical usage.

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Qualitative phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of the total alkaloids of the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves and stem bark of Musanga cercropoides (Urticaceae)

Annals of Health Research ◽

10.30442/ahr.0601-09-69 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 74-84

Author(s):

SF Ibitoye ◽

G Ukpo ◽

AS Rabiu

Keyword(s):

Stem Bark ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Vaginal Candidiasis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Control Drug ◽

Total Alkaloids ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

Background: Musanga cecropioides R.Br. ex Tedlie (Urticaceae) is a plant that is widely used in Nigerian traditional medicine for the treatment of various infections such as cough, diarrhoea, and vaginal candidiasis. Objective: To study the antimicrobial potency of the total alkaloids of the hydroalcoholic extracts (HAE) of the stem bark (ST) and leaves of Musanga cecropioides. Method: The antimicrobial activities of the total alkaloidal constituent of the HAE of the ST and leaves were screened using agar diffusion method using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtils,Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans as test organisms. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the ST and leaves were performed following the conventional standard procedures of Trease and Evans. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins and terpenoids. The HAE of both ST and leaves exhibited notable activities against the tested microorganisms at different concentrations (500, 250, 125, 62.5 mg/ml) with zones of inhibition ranging from 8.6±0.5mm to 20.0±1.0mm. The highest activity against bacteria had a zone of inhibition of 18.6±1.1mm and 20.0±1.0mm for fungus. The zone of inhibition for antibacterial control drug (Ciprofloxacin) was 42.3±2.0mm while that of antifungal control drug (Griseofulvin) was 32.0±0.8mm. The total alkaloid yield for the ST was 1.200%w/w and 1.332%w/w for the leaves. Conclusion: Musanga cercropoidesmay be a valuable source of a therapeutic agent for potent clinical antimicrobials.

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The Antimicrobial Activities of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia Leaf Extracts to Acne-Developing Organisms

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x05002783 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 33 (02) ◽

pp. 197-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Fadi Qa'dan ◽

Abdul-Jalil Thewaini ◽

Dalia A. Ali ◽

Rana Afifi ◽

Abdalla Elkhawad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Juglans Regia ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

This study aims to present the in vitro inhibitory effect of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts on the main developer of acne lesions, Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), and other organisms that are isolated from acne lesions. Thirty-eight subjects (males and females) who had various types of acne were enrolled in the study. The contents of the acne lesions were cultured and the frequency of P. acnes (alone and with Staphylococci spp.) was 47%, whereas the frequencies for Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were 13% and 24%, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts, determined by disk diffusion method (zone of inhibition), were compared to tea tree oil (TTO), doxycycline and clindamycin antibiotics. The zones of inhibition due to the Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts ranged from 15.8–17.6 mm against P. acnes, 11.3–15.7 mm against S. aureus and 12.9–15.5 mm against S. epidermidis, respectively. These zones of inhibition were significantly higher than those of TTO and equivalent in case of Staphylococci spp., but less in case of P. acnes, to those obtained from doxycycline or clindamycin. It can be concluded that Psidium guajava and Juglans regia leaf extracts may be beneficial in treating acne especially when they are known to have anti-inflammatory activities.

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GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Alkaloid Leaf Extracts of Delonix elata.L

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v68i02.016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

Author(s):

D. Muthuselvam ◽

Kathick Kathick

Keyword(s):

Present Finding ◽

Cell Formation ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Escherchia Coli ◽

Physiological Abnormalities

Delonix elata L., belongs to family Fabaceae used by the traditional various medicinal practices to cure jaundice, skin disease, heart disease, cancer cell formation, physiological abnormalities, heptoprotective, bronchial and rheumatic problems. The present study was screen the antimicrobial and phytochemical activity of alkaloid leaf extracts. This extracts was assessed on multidrug resistant clinical isolated from both gram positive, gram negative and antifungal strains including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The zone of inhibition was determined by Agar well diffusion method with various concentration. GC- MS analysis was performed to identify major bioactive compounds present in the extracts. The GC – MS studies shown the present of 25 compound were identified in the leaf extract composition. The antimicrobial analysis revealed that C. albicans showed a highest zone of inhibition 25mm at 100 mg/ml of extracts. Present finding suggest that D. elata as plant pharmaceutical and pharmacological importance.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i11.2020.367 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 276-284

Author(s):

Garga M. A. ◽

Manga S. B. ◽

Rabah A.B. ◽

Tahir H. ◽

Abdullahi M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Volatile Oil ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and identify the phytochemical constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. The samples were collected from the premises of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Seeds and Leaves were collected fresh. They were extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate. Various concentrations from 100mg/ml to 500mg/ml were prepared. The test bacteria used is Staphylococcus aureus obtained from Microbiology laboratory of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University. The bacteria were re-identified using biochemical tests. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zone of inhibition were read after 24 hours of incubation at 370C.The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the methanolic leaves extracts at 500 mg/ml had effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 20mm. The methanolic seed extract have effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 19.5mm. The MIC for the leave and seed extracts for Staphylococcus aureus was 250mg/ml. The MBC was 500mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, and glycosides but anthraquinone and steroids were absent in the extracts. The zones of inhibition showed that both the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 500mg/ml were active to all the tested bacteria. ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Mean Range test was used to analyze the data. Based on Duncan’s grouping, there is significant difference between the solvents and the concentrations used.

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Determination of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns between Different Strains of Propionibacterium Acnes

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol04-i06/656 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (06) ◽

Author(s):

Yusufu, W. N. ◽

Suleiman, H. O. ◽

Akwa, V. Y. ◽

David, D. L. ◽

Taiga, A.

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

No Inhibition ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Weak Activity ◽

Inhibition Zones ◽

Different Strains ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) isolated in infections of deep tissues was originally thought to be as a result of improper sterilization of skin and hence contamination of medical processes with this commensal/ normal flora of the skin. P. acnes has latter been identified as the principal agent responsible for the progression of some deep tissue diseases. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns between different strains of P. acnes was determined. Ten (10) P. acnes clinical isolates of infections were considered, two (2) from acne vulgaris and eight (8) [two (2) per recA types 1A1, 1B, II and III] from lumber herniation tissues. Antibiotic susceptibility of some antibiotics was also determined and resistance to tetracycline was seen in 1 isolate, trimethoprim (1 isolate) and weak activity seen in 5 isolates. Heteroresistance to rifampicin was witnessed among 6 isolates. Upon four days of incubation, no inhibition of the bacterial growth by tetracycline in isolate 1(III). Isolate 17(1B) had no inhibition from trimethoprim. There was low inhibition of P. acnes by this antibiotic in isolates 71(IA1), 82(IB), 55(II), 1 (III) and 64(III). Amoxicillin and rifampicin created greater zones of inhibition among P. acnes isolates. Erythromycin was the next most inhibiting antibiotic with greater inhibition zones. Although Rifampicin had large inhibition zones, heteroresistance was observed among isolates 82(IB), 24(II), I (III), 17(IB), 55(II) and 71(IA1) as colonies were observed growing within the zones after 4 days of incubation. The antibiotics resistance expressed in the study were seen displayed among the lumber disc herniation isolates only with none involving acne vulgaris isolates. This study supports the theory that most P. acnes isolates in deep tissues exhibit higher rate of antibiotic resistance. P. acnes hence might be named the etiological agent of foreign-body infections like infections of indwelling medical devices.

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In-vitro Control of Oral Thrush Causal Organisms Using Medicinal Plants Extracts

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11310443 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 376-382

Author(s):

Abosede M. EBABHI ◽

Adedotun A. ADEKUNLE ◽

Yoma I. OGHENERHABOKE

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Jatropha Curcas ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Oral Thrush ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Oral hygiene is important to the generality of the human healthcare system. For this, the antifungal activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of four medicinal plants of Jatropha curcas (stem), Eucaluptus golbulus (leaves), Vernonia amygdalina (stem) and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (root) were carried out in vitro against three species of Candida associated with oral thrush namely C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis using the disc diffusion agar assay. The zones of inhibition varied with the test organisms as well as the extracts. The ethanolic extract of Jatropha curcas showed the highest zone of inhibition of 10.88 ± 0.22 mm against C. albicans while the least zone of inhibition (6.13 ± 0.13 mm) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of Z. zanthoxyloides on C. glabrata. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of tannin, saponin, alkaloids, flavonoids and reducing sugar in all plant samples. This study can be further used as a foundation for the screening of phytochemical constituents by pharmaceuticals for the control and eradication of oral thrush.

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Synthesis, Characterisation and Antimicrobial Potential of Novel N-Alkylated Pyrrole Derivatives of Chitosan

Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications ◽

10.21786/bbrc/14.4.52 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 1730-1736

Author(s):

Kalpana. P. R

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Pyrrole Derivatives ◽

Structural Modifications ◽

E Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Potential ◽

Derivatives Of

Chitosan, a cationic biopolymer is a major derivative of chitin. It is biocompatible, non-toxic and environ-friendly material and has broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. However, it is less effective in neutral or basic conditions due to its solubility only in acidic medium. Therefore, chemical modification with suitable groups is necessary to enhance the potency of chitosan. The present study was mainly conducted to explore the effect of structural modifications on antimicrobial potential of chitosan. N-Methyl, N-Ethyl and N-Propyl pyrrole were reacted with N-chloroacyl-6-O-triphenylmethylchitosan prepared by stepwise modification of chitosan to form N-Methyl, N-Ethyl and N-Propyl pyrrole derivatives of chitosan. Structural characterization of these pyrrole derivatives was done by IR, NMR, XRD, DSC and Elemental Analysis. The gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus were selected for antibacterial activity and the fungus C. albicans was selected for antifungal activity by agar diffusion method and MIC method. Antimicrobial activity of the N-Methyl, N-Ethyl and N-Propyl pyrrole derivatives on E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans showed an inhibitory effect on all the organisms. The potency of inhibition was found to be varied with the substitutions. The maximum activity was shown by N-pyrrolylpropylchitosan against E. coli (zone of inhibition 1.2±0.05cm, MIC 0.15±0.03mg/ml), S. aureus (zone of inhibition 1.4±0.03cm, MIC 0.15±0.01mg/ml), C. albicans (zone of inhibition 0.8±0.03cm, MIC 0.2±0.03mg/ml). The study also confirmed that all the three derivatives exhibited higher inhibition than that of chitosan against E. coli (zone of inhibition 0.7±0.03cm, MIC 0.09±0.02mg/ml), S. aureus (zone of inhibition 0.8±0.03cm, MIC 0.09±0.02mg/ml), C. albicans (zone of inhibition 0.6±0.03cm, MIC 0.09±0.03mg/ml). Results demonstrated that these three N-alkylpyrrole chitosan derivatives exhibited improved potency and hence can have the more applicability as antimicrobials.

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Estimation of antimicrobial activity of green mango ( mangifera indica L. ) Extract on the Growth of Bacteria

Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science ◽

10.23851/mjs.v29i1.113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 75

Author(s):

Hiba Thamir Hussain

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Similar Chemical ◽

Infusion Method

Abstract:- Alternative herbal medicine has been used to treat various infections in human as well as in animal, natural plants contain phytoconstituent having similar chemical properties as of synthetic antibiotics ,due to that, the aim of this study was to investigte the biological properties of green mango (mangifera indica L.). The extraction of active phytoconstituent of green mango was done by infusion method . Antimicrobial activity was carried out by agar well diffusion method against two species of gram positive bacteria and five gram negative bacteria, at different concentrations 5%,10%,50% . The extract of concentration 5% has showed >2 mm zone of inhibition and after further screene can be considered as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) . The mean zone of inhibition produced inhibition area range between 5mm and 26 mm .The inhibition zone of 26 mm for streptococcus has showed the highest zone of inhibition area. The infusion extract of green mango (mangifera indica L.) showed good inhibitory effect against almost the tested strains . Green mango extract can serve as a potential antimicrobial agent for use in the food industry and pharmaceutical manufacturing.

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VARIATIONS IN PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN ECOTYPES OF OXALIS CORNICULATA L. AND OXALIS DEBILIS KUNTH

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i10.14069 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Eleena Panda ◽

Chinmay Pradhan ◽

Anath Bandhu Das

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

The Family ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

New Compounds ◽

First Time ◽

Better Than

Objective: The present study aims at the comparative analysis of phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of four ecotypes of Odisha, India, each of Oxalis corniculata L. (OC-Eco-1, OC-Eco-2, OC-Eco-3, OC-Eco-4) and Oxalis debilis Kunth. (OD-Eco-1, OD-Eco-2, OD-Eco-3, OD-Eco-4) of the family Oxalidaceae.Methods: The ecotypes were collected from four districts (Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Khurda) of Odisha, India. The qualitative phytochemical screening was done to test glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Further analysis of phytochemicals was also screened through TLC and HPTLC. Antimicrobial potentiality of leaf extract of various ecotypes was studied against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus epidermis by disc diffusion method.Results: Tannin and terpenoids estimation revealed that significantly high amount of phytoconstituents were present in OD-Eco-3 of O. debilis. The methanolic leaf extracts of each ecotype were screened for qualitative analysis of phytochemical through TLC and HPTLC that showed maximum 16 compounds in O. debilis (OD-Eco-3) a new report, as compared to O. corniculata. All the four ecotypes of O. debilis showed some new HPTLC bands (Rf 0.96, 0.90, 0.90, 0.81) as compared to O. corniculata that occupied 7.70%, 22.38%, 23.79% and 34.42% of peak area respectively. Cluster analysis on the basis of HPTLC banding pattern showed a close affinity among ecotypes of each species. Crude extracts showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. epidermis. Leaf extracts of ecotypes of O. corniculata showed zones of inhibition and MIC better than that of O. debilis against S. epidermis.Conclusion: The findings significantly reported some new compounds for the first time in O. debilis. The study also indicated a promising potential of antimicrobial activity of O. debilis which was the first report.

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