scholarly journals GC-MS Analysis and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethanol Alkaloid Leaf Extracts of Delonix elata.L

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Muthuselvam ◽  
Kathick Kathick
Keyword(s):  
Present Finding ◽  
Cell Formation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Escherchia Coli ◽  
Physiological Abnormalities

Delonix elata L., belongs to family Fabaceae used by the traditional various medicinal practices to cure jaundice, skin disease, heart disease, cancer cell formation, physiological abnormalities, heptoprotective, bronchial and rheumatic problems. The present study was screen the antimicrobial and phytochemical activity of alkaloid leaf extracts. This extracts was assessed on multidrug resistant clinical isolated from both gram positive, gram negative and antifungal strains including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The zone of inhibition was determined by Agar well diffusion method with various concentration. GC- MS analysis was performed to identify major bioactive compounds present in the extracts. The GC – MS studies shown the present of 25 compound were identified in the leaf extract composition. The antimicrobial analysis revealed that C. albicans showed a highest zone of inhibition 25mm at 100 mg/ml of extracts. Present finding suggest that D. elata as plant pharmaceutical and pharmacological importance.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ROOT EXTRACT OF CLITORIA TERNATEA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Amita Shobha Rao ◽  
Shobha Kl ◽  
Prathibha Md’almeida ◽  
Kiranmai S Rai
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Resistant Strain ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Strain

  Objective: Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Extracts of plants and herbs such as Clitorea ternatea are used as diuretic. This work attempts to find out antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of C. ternatea roots against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans.Methods: The agar well-diffusion method was done using Mueller Hinton agar and Sabouraud’s dextrose agar. The microorganism grown in peptone water was inoculated into culture medium. 4 mm diameter well punched into the agar was filled with 20 μl of aqueous and alcoholic root extracts C. ternatea extracts in various concentrations (100-25 μg/ml). The plates were incubated and antimicrobial activity was evaluated.Results: Aqueous root extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition against E. coli (ATCC 25922) 18 mm, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 14 mm, multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 15 mm. Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea with the concentration of 100 μg/ml showed zone of inhibition of 35 mm against E. coli (ATCC 25922), P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) 22 mm, and multidrug resistant strain of K. pneumoniae 28 mm. C. albicanswas resistant to both extract of C. ternatea root. Conclusions: Alcoholic extract of C. ternatea is a better antibacterial agent against multidrug resistant Klebsiella species and other Gram-negative pathogens. Further, studies are required to identify active substances from the alcoholic extracts of C. ternatea for treating infections.

scholarly journals The PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF Senna alata AND Senna tora LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL STRAINS CAUSING SKIN INFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Murni Halim
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Natural Drugs ◽  
Senna Alata

A study was carried out to screen for phytochemical constituents and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Senna alata and Senna tora leaf extracts. The leaves were first dried at room temperature and 50°C in an oven prior to solvent extraction using ethanol and methanol. The in-vitro qualitative assays showed that both S. alata and S. tora leaf extracts contained bioactive and secondary metabolites components such as tannins, steroids, saponin, terpenoids, glycosides, flavonoids and phenols. The antioxidant activity and capacity test were carried out by conducting free radical of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and Ferric reduction antioxidant plasma (FRAP) assays. Both assays showed S. tora leaf extract has higher antioxidant capacity than S. alata leaf extract. The efficacy of these leaf extracts were tested against skin pathogens through agar well diffusion method. S. alata extract showed an inhibition zone (1.15 – 1.59 mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa while S. tora extracts exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (inhibition zone of 12 – 16.94 mm) followed by P. aeruginosa (inhibition zone of 1 – 1.59 mm). Nonetheless, no inhibition zone was observed for S. aureus by both leaf extracts. The phytochemicals and antioxidant constituents as well as inhibitory potential on skin pathogens possessed by S. alata and S. tora leave highlighted their potential utilization in the development of natural drugs or cosmetics to treat skin related diseases or infections.

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY MYCOCHEMICAL, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS, AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF CALOCERA VISCOSA (PERS.) FR.

2019 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
NAVEEN KUMAR NAIK S ◽  
ASHWATHANARAYANA R ◽  
RAJA NAIKA
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

Objectives: Calocera viscosa, commonly called as the yellow stagshorn, is a jelly fungus, belongs to the family of Dacrymycetales, unknown for its medicinal properties and biological activities. Method: The sporocarps of C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. were collected from Agumbe, Karnataka. Mycochemical and Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis done by standard procedures and antibacterial activity was done by agar well diffusion method. Results: Physicochemical was analyzed and results revealed the highest percentage of alcohol-soluble extractives were present followed by ash content. Alcohol-soluble extractives were 20.76%, total moisture content (10.9%), and foreign matter (0.5%). Extraction was done by Soxhlet apparatus using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethanol and subjected to qualitative mycochemicals analysis both petroleum ether and chloroform extract confirms less mycochemicals, whereas ethanolic extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, sterols, glycosides, terpenoids, and phenols. GC–MS analysis of ethanoic extract showed many known bioactive compounds in that, 19 compounds were unknown and 21 compounds were known for its medicinal properties, most of them were food additives and flavoring agents. Antibacterial potentials were studied against pathogenic bacteria revealed that ethanolic extract showed appreciable zone of inhibition against pathogenic bacteria, in that maximum zone of inhibition showed against Klebsiella pneumonia followed by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. sporocarp can be explored for potential antibacterial with rich full of useful mycochemicals.

scholarly journals Phyllanthus wightianusMüll. Arg.: A Potential Source for Natural Antimicrobial Agents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Natarajan ◽  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
M. S. Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Infective Agent

Phyllanthus wightianusbelongs to Euphorbiaceae family having ethnobotanical importance. The present study deals with validating the antimicrobial potential of solvent leaf extracts ofP. wightianus. 11 human bacterial pathogens (Bacillus subtilis,Streptococcus pneumoniae,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Proteus vulgaris,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, andSerratia marcescens) and 4 fungal pathogens (Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Mucor racemosus, andAspergillus niger) were also challenged with solvent leaf extracts usingagar well and disc diffusion methods. Further, identification of the active component present in the bioactive extract was done using GC-MS analysis. Results show that all extracts exhibited broad spectrum (6–29 mm) of antibacterial activity on most of the tested organisms. The results highlight the fact that the well in agar method was more effective than disc diffusion method. Significant antimicrobial activity was detected in methanol extract againstS. pneumoniae(29 mm) with MIC and MBC values of 15.62 μg/mL. GC-MS analysis revealed that 29 bioactive constituents were present in methanolic extract ofP. wightianus,of which 9,12-octadecaenioic acid (peak area 22.82%; RT-23.97) and N-hexadecanoic acid (peak area 21.55% RT-21.796) are the major compounds. The findings of this study show thatP. wightianusextracts may be used as an anti-infective agent in folklore medicine.

scholarly journals Screening of multidrug-resistant bacteria of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and their inhibition by leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera Lamk

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
MM Akhtar ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MF Begum ◽  
M Anisuzzaman ◽  
MF Alam
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Leaf

Context: Emergence of multi drug resistance bacteria (MDRB) to human pathogenic infection is increasing day by day but the number of new drugs to overwhelm the problem is not sufficient. Evidences revealed that Moringa oleifera Lamk. has various pharmaceutical activities like antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and diuretic. Herbal treatment may be one of the possible ways to treat diseases caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Objectives: The present research was undertaken to screen of multidrug resistant bacteria (MDRB) from antibiotic-associated diarrheal samples and to evaluate the potentiality of M. oleifera leaf extracts on these bacteria with the view to provide scientific evidence for its application in health remedy. Materials & Methods: Antibiotic-associated diarrheal fecal specimens were collected from pediatric ward of Rajshahi Medical College and cultured onto MacConkey agar. MDRB were determined by antibiotic susceptibility test, using disc-agar diffusion method. Biochemical tests of the MDRB were done according to Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology for identification of the species. Dried and fresh leaf of M. oleifera was used to prepare exaction with or without solvents such as hot water, cold water, chloroform, petroleum ether, acetone and ethanol, separately. Antibacterial assay was done by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration of the extracts was also measured. Results: In the present study seven isolates were screened as MDRB and the highest prevalence (42.86%) was occurred in the age group of 25-36 months and the lowest (14.28) was in the group of <1 and 1-6 months. Ethanol extract of dried leaf of M. oleifera Lamk. showed moderate inhibitory activity against all of the isolates while petroleum ether, chloroform and acetone extracts of dried leaf have no inhibitory effect. Fresh leaf sap powder in DMSO exhibited strong inhibitory effect against all of the test bacteria where as hot aqueous extract could not show any inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the potent extracts ranged 937.5 to 3750 ?g/ml and 7.9 to 234.4 ?g/ml in dried and fresh leaf extracts, respectively. Conclusion: The present data indicates that M. oleifera leaf extract possess antimicrobial potential to control of MDRB causes infection thus it can be used as a novel drugs in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v20i0.17652 J. bio-sci. 20: 41-48, 2012

scholarly journals VARIATIONS IN PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN ECOTYPES OF OXALIS CORNICULATA L. AND OXALIS DEBILIS KUNTH

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Eleena Panda ◽  
Chinmay Pradhan ◽  
Anath Bandhu Das
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Better Than

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims at the comparative analysis of phytoconstituents and antimicrobial activities of four ecotypes of Odisha, India, each of <em>Oxalis corniculata </em>L. (OC-Eco-1, OC-Eco-2, OC-Eco-3, OC-Eco-4) and <em>Oxalis debilis</em> Kunth. (OD-Eco-1, OD-Eco-2, OD-Eco-3, OD-Eco-4) of the family Oxalidaceae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ecotypes were collected from four districts (Balasore, Bhadrak, Jajpur, Khurda) of Odisha, India. The qualitative phytochemical screening was done to test glycosides, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Further analysis of phytochemicals was also screened through TLC and HPTLC. Antimicrobial potentiality of leaf extract of various ecotypes was studied against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Streptococcus epidermis</em> by disc diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tannin and terpenoids estimation revealed that significantly high amount of phytoconstituents were present in OD-Eco-3 of <em>O. debilis</em>. The methanolic leaf extracts of each ecotype were screened for qualitative analysis of phytochemical through TLC and HPTLC that showed maximum 16 compounds in <em>O. debilis </em>(OD-Eco-3)<em> </em>a new report, as compared to <em>O. corniculata. </em>All the four ecotypes of <em>O. debilis</em><em> </em>showed some new HPTLC bands (Rf 0.96, 0.90, 0.90, 0.81) as compared to <em>O. corniculata </em>that occupied 7.70%, 22.38%, 23.79% and 34.42% of peak area respectively. Cluster analysis on the basis of HPTLC banding pattern showed a close affinity among ecotypes of each species. Crude extracts showed antibacterial activity against <em>B. subtilis</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and <em>S. epidermis</em>. Leaf extracts of ecotypes of <em>O. corniculata</em> showed zones of inhibition and MIC better than that of <em>O. debilis </em>against <em>S. epidermis</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings significantly reported some new compounds for the first time in <em>O. debilis. </em>The study also indicated a promising potential of antimicrobial activity of <em>O. debilis</em> which was the first report.</p>

Study of Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Genotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activities and Analysis of Different Constituents found in Rhizome Essential Oil of Curcuma caesia Roxb., Collected from North East India

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabi Paw ◽  
Roktim Gogoi ◽  
Neelav Sarma ◽  
Sudin K. Pandey ◽  
Angana Borah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Mic Value

Background: This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of Curcuma caesia Roxb rhizome essential oil. Methods: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition, standard antioxidative test DPPH assay, reducing power assay, in vitro antiinflammatory activity (egg albumin denaturation, protease inhibitory assay) by using standard methods. Similarly, antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration ability (MIC); while to test genotoxicity, Allium cepa assay was used. Results: GC/MS analysis revealed eucalyptol (28.55%), epicurzerenone (19.62%), and camphor (21.73%) as the major components of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Potent antioxidant (IC50= 48.08±0.003 μg/mL), anti-inflammatory (IC50= 121.7±0.0013 μg/mL), and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were recorded better than the standard drugs Fluconazole for fungus and Ciprofloxacin for bacteria. The essential oil also possessed a strong antibacterial effect against two tested bacterial strains B. subtilis and B. cereus with 7.5 μg/mL MIC value, while for fungal strains the essential oil was most effective against S. cereviaceae with an MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL. All the data were recorded in triplicates. Allium cepa assay revealed minor genotoxicity with mitotic index, MI= 27.70%; chromosome aberration, A= 1.1% of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Conclusion: C. caesia rhizome essential oil possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties with negligible genotoxicity. Hence, the present study is highly significant for the utilization of rhizome of C. caesia, a high-value ethnopharmacological plant for advanced R & D and commercial application.

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Canavalia gladiata

2021 ◽  
pp. 6507-6510
Author(s):  
Sai Koteswar Sarma ◽  
D. Umamaheswari ◽  
B. R. Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Canavalia Gladiata ◽  
Unstable Molecules ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

The present study deals with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Canavalia gladiata. Antioxidant activity by nitric oxide and DPPH methods reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows good results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum percentage of inhibition when compared to the standard drug (Ascorbic acid).Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that are linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disesase, cognitive impairment immune dysfunction, cataract and macular degeneration. Antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows better results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum zone of inhibition when compared to the the standard drug (chloramphenicol).

scholarly journals Efficacy of leaf extracts of Psidium guajava (L.) on enteric bacterial isolates from faecally impacted groundwater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Sule ◽  
A. O. Olalemi ◽  
A. O. Ogundare
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Microbiological Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Abstract The efficacy of leaf extracts of guava Psidium guajava (L.) were assessed on enteric bacteria isolated from two wells (W1 and W2) prone to faecal contamination in Akure, Nigeria. The load of enteric bacteria in the water samples were determined using standard microbiological method. Leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) were prepared using ethanol and hot distilled water and the antibacterial effects of the extracts on bacterial isolates were determined using agar well diffusion method. Phytochemical components of the leaf extracts were carried out using standard methods. Results revealed the following mean concentrations of enteric bacteria in W1 and W2: Salmonella (3.8 and 3.9 log10 CFU/100 ml) and Shigella (3.6 and 3.7 log10 CFU/100 ml). The ethanol leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) exhibited a zone of inhibition of 22 mm at 200 mg/ml on Shigella and no zone of inhibition was observed on Salmonella. The phytochemical components of ethanol and hot distilled water leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) revealed the presence of saponin as (13.64 mg/g) and (59.82 mg/g). The findings of this study revealed that ethanol leaf extracts of P. guajava (L.) may be useful as antibacterial agent against Shigella.

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