scholarly journals BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIONS IN BURNS UNIT - PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DEPARTMENT - MOHAMMED VI CHU MARRAKECH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164
Author(s):  
Sahibi Mohamed Elmehdi ◽  
◽  
Yafi Imane ◽  
Mahrouch El Mehdi ◽  
Elgueouatri Mehdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
The Right ◽  
Surgery Department ◽  
Burns Unit ◽  
Burn Patient

The nosocomial bacterial infection being one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in burn patients, our work aimed on describing the nosocomial bacterial infections in order to establish the bacteriological profile to adapt the antibiotic therapy to our service. This is a retrospective study of 502 bacteriological samples taken from 65 patients hospitalized in the Resuscitation of burns of the plastic surgery department of the CHU Mohamed VI of Marrakech, over a period of 3 years, from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. For this which is characteristic of bacterial infections, the infected sites were mainly the skin (50.1%) and blood (37.7%). The main germs were: Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (32.1%), AcinetobacterBamannii (13.8%) Staphylococcus Aures (8.45%) AND Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (8.2%). Staphylococci were metabolic-resistant in 16.6% of cases Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter were multidrug resistant (60%). Establishing the bacterial ecology of the service, allowed us to set the right rules for prescribing antibiotic therapy, which was a function of the infected site, the type of germ, its sensitivity, the molecule used and the particular pharmacokinetics in the burn patient.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Wastewater in Health Facilities of Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Belayneh Regasa Dadi ◽  
Eyayu Girma ◽  
Mheret Tesfaye ◽  
Mohamed Seid
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Antimicrobials used for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections are mainly released nonmetabolized into the aquatic environment via wastewater. Sometimes, unused therapeutic drugs are released down the drains that could act as selective pressure for the development of resistance. The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological profile of wastewater in health facilities and determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1 to December 26, 2020, in health facility wastewater. A total of 128 samples were collected from health facilities for bacteriological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Result. A total of 128 samples were processed, and 81 bacterial isolates were recovered. The most common bacterial isolates were S. aureus (16/81 (19.8%)) followed by Klebsiella spp. (15/81 (18.5%)), E. coli (13/81 (16%)), P. aeruginosa (10/81 (12.3%)), Enterobacter spp. (8/81 (9.9%)), Citrobacter spp. (7/81 (8.6%)), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5/81 (6.2%)), Salmonella spp. (5/81 (6.2%)), and Shigella spp. (2/81 (2.5%)). A majority of isolates were resistant to ampicillin (62/81 (76.5%)). Only few isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (11/81 (13.6%)), chloramphenicol (13/81 (16%)), and kanamycin (8/54 (14.8%)). A majority of bacterial isolates (57/81 (70.4%)) were multidrug resistant (MDR). Conclusion. Wastewater from the health facilities contains antibiotic-resistant including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, health facility wastewater should be treated by appropriate wastewater treatment before being released into the environment.

Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy Duration in Critically Ill Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Walker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duration Of Treatment

Procalcitonin is a promising biomarker for antibiotic therapy because its levels rise and fall quickly with bacterial infections. A multi-database literature search was reviewed with 3 primary prospective randomized control trials used in further analysis. The results indicated that a procalcitonin-guided antibiotic protocol reduces the number of days a patient has to take antibiotics while having no effect on mortality when compared with control groups. Short-term studies did not show a difference in the intensive care unit length of stay, infection relapse rate, super-infection rate, or multidrug-resistant bacteria rate between the procalcitonin-protocol and control group. Because procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy has been shown to reduce the duration of treatment with antibiotics in critically ill patients without worsening the mortality rate or other outcomes, the implementation of a procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy should be considered for patients with proven or highly suspected bacterial infections in the intensive care unit.

scholarly journals Colistin Pharmacokinetics in Burn Patients during Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Akers ◽  
Matthew P. Rowan ◽  
Krista L. Niece ◽  
Ian J. Stewart ◽  
Katrin Mende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTWhile colistin is considered a last resort for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections, there has been an increase in its use due to the increasing prevalence of drug-resistant infections worldwide. The pharmacology of colistin is complex, and pharmacokinetic data are limited, especially in patients requiring renal replacement therapy. As a result, dosing for patients who require renal replacement remains a challenge. Here, we present pharmacokinetic data for colistin from two burn patients (37 and 68 years old) infected with colistin-susceptible isoclonalAcinetobacter baumanniiand receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). To our knowledge, we are the first to examine data from before and during CVVH (for one patient), allowing analysis of the effect of CVVH on colistin pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis indicated that a dose increase from 1.5 to 2.2 mg/kg of body weight colistin base activity on CVVH was insufficient to satisfy the target parameter of an AUC24/MIC (area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h in the steady state divided by the MIC) of ≥60 at an MIC of ≥1 μg/ml in one patient with residual endogenous renal function. Plasma concentrations of colistin ranged from 0 to 15 μg/ml, with free colistin levels ranging from 0.4 to 2.2 μg/ml. While both patients resolved their clinical infections and survived to discharge, colistin-resistant colonizing isolates resulted from therapy in one patient. The variabilities observed in colistin concentrations and pharmacokinetic characteristics highlight the importance of pharmacokinetic monitoring of antibiotics in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy.

scholarly journals The Impact of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Infection on Outcomes in Burn Injury Patients at Sanglah General Hospital, Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 463-467
Author(s):  
Gede Wara Samsarga ◽  
I Made Suka Adnyana ◽  
Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti ◽  
I Gusti Putu Hendra Sanjaya ◽  
Agus Roy Rusly Hariantana Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: Research related to the impact of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) infection on clinical outcomes in burns is still limited. AIM: This study evaluated the effect of MDRO infection on morbidity and mortality of burn patients. METHODS: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted on burn patients admitted to the burn unit of Sanglah General Hospital, Bali, between 2018 and 2020. MDRO patients were described as those who had at least one positive MDRO culture. All other patients were included in the non-MDRO group. Measurement and analysis included mortality and five indicators of morbidity: length of stay, duration of antibiotic therapy, sepsis, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). RESULTS: Significant associations of MDRO infection were found for duration of antibiotic therapy (0 vs. 7 days), sepsis (odds ratio [OR] 13.90 [95% Confidence interval (CI) 95% 2.88–67.10]), pneumonia (OR 12,67 [95% CI 3.26–49.23]), and mortality (OR 9.75 [95% CI 2.00–47.50]). No significant association was found for the length of stay and the incidence of AKI. Multivariate analysis found that MDRO infection increased risk of sepsis (OR 36.53 [95% CI 2.05–652.45], pneumonia (OR 10.75 [95% CI 1.87–61.86]) and mortality (OR 57.09 [95% CI 1.41–2318.87]). Multivariate analysis of MDRO infection with duration of antibiotic therapy found no independent variables that were significantly related. CONCLUSION: These research findings suggest that MDRO infections are associated with increasing length of antibiotic treatment, sepsis, pneumonia, and mortality in burn patients.

scholarly journals Surveillance of bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA associated with acute suppurative otitis media (ASOM)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundan K. Sahu ◽  
Siba N. Rath ◽  
Rabindra N. Padhy ◽  
Rajashree Panigrahi
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Intracranial Complications ◽  
Susceptibility Rate ◽  
Middle Ear Cleft

Background: Otitis media particularly with suppuration is a critical disease-causing perforation of the tympanic membrane associated with changes of the mucoperiosteum of the middle ear cleft. This surveillance includes isolation and antibiotic profiles of causative bacteria from ear discharges of patients in 3years attending outpatients of a hospital.Methods: Bacterial strains were grown in suitable media and were subjected to antibiotic profiling by the Kirby-Bauer’s method with most antibiotics of the day.Results: In total there were 1164 colonies with 1043 bacterial and 121 fungal isolates from 1230 ear discharge samples. Among 371 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, tobramycin 30 µg/disk had the highest susceptibility rate as 93.2%, followed by ceftazidime 30µg/disk 91.5% and amikacin 10µg/disk 64.4%. From 359 Staphylococcus isolates, there were 236 coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) + methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 123 methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus including MRSA isolates were most susceptibility to cloxacillin 15µg/disk 95.2%, followed by erythromycin 15µg/disk 83.3% and gentamicin 30µg/disk 78.5%. Of 1164, 49 patients presented post aural abscess, 12 patients had intracranial complications, 9 patients had facial palsy and 3 patients had labyrinthitis.Conclusions: Isolated bacteria, P. aeruginosa and MRSA were multidrug resistant. P. aeruginosa was most common followed by S. aureus. More than 90% P. aeruginosa and 90% S. aureus isolates were sensitive to tobramycin 30 µg/disk and cloxacillin 30 µg/disk, respectively. Therefore, these two antibiotics may be included in the formulary regimen to overcome bacterial infections involved in ASOM.

scholarly journals Clinically relevant infections in hematology and oncology: bacterial infections and the role of novel antibiotics in times of multidrug resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Fritsche
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Novel Drugs ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Conventional Antibiotics ◽  
Novel Antibiotics

SummaryMultidrug resistance of bacterial pathogens is an increasing problem wordwide, especially treatment of multidrug resistant (MDR) gramnegative bacteria is challenging. In the recent past, several new antibiotics as well as new betalactamase inhibitors have been introduced. These novel drugs are valuable new tools for the therapy of infectious complications in cancer patients once there is a high risk for infections due to multidrug-resistant pathogens. While it is necessary to start empirical antibiotic therapy immediately, novel antibiotics only provide benefits in certain situations, depending on the underlying pathogens. Thus, these new antibiotics are best used guided by microbiological testing, since the exact mechanism of resistance determines susceptibility or resistance to certain antibiotics. For empirical therapy, previous culture results and/or colonization with MDR pathogens can help to choose from conventional antibiotics or novel drugs. In clinical practice, optimal antibiotic therapy can be achieved by close collaboration of specialists in hematooncology, infectious diseases and microbiology.

scholarly journals Relevance of empirical antibiotic treatment in the evolution of prosthetic joint infection treated with implant retention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Barbero Allende ◽  
◽  
Marta García Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Vacas Córdoba ◽  
Eduardo Montero Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Prosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Empirical Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
Implant Retention ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Several factors have been associated with the prognosis of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) treated with surgical debridement, antibiotic therapy, and implant retention (DAIR). There is no evidence about the right empirical antibiotic treatment when the causal microorganism is not still identified. Material and methods. We conducted a retrospective observational study in patients with PJI treated with DAIR between 2009 and 2018 in our center. We analyze the risk factors related with their prognosis and the influence of active empirical antibiotic therapy against causative microorganisms in final outcomes. Results. A total of 80 PJI cases treated with DAIR, from 79 patients (58.7% women, mean age 76.3 years), were included in the study period. Among the cases in which empirical antibiotic therapy were active against the causative microorganisms, the success rate was 46/65 (69.2%) vs 1/15 when not (6.7%, OR 31.5, p = 0.001). Factors related to the success or failure of the DAIR were analyzed with multivariate analysis. We found that active empirical antibiotic treatment remained statistically significant as a good prognostic factor (OR 0.04, p <0.01). Conclusions. Empirical antibiotic treatment could be an important factor in the prognosis of PJI treated with DAIR. To identify cases at risk of infection by multidrug resistant microorganisms could be useful to guide empirical antibiotic therapy

scholarly journals Bacterial Colonization of Burn Wounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Burns Unit

The objective behind this work was to find out the bacteriological profile of post burn infections in wound. The study was carried out from December 2010 to February 2011 at the Burns Unit of Al –Kindy Hospital and Al-Yarmook Hospital in Baghdad. Sixty burn patients have been investigated for bacterial profile of burn wound infections. Specimens were collected in the form of wound swabs. The organisms were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test has been done by ATB-PSE5 kit(BioMereiux). Pseudomonas aeruginosa 35(58.3 %) was found to be the most common isolate followed by Klebsiella pneumonae 10(16.6%), Staphylococcus aureus 7(10%). ,E.coli 3(5%), Proteus merabilis 1(1.6 %), others 2(3.3 %).and sterile cultures 2(3.3 %). Antibiotic susceptibility pattren for Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates have shown high susptibility for Amikacin 30(85.0%), Pipracillin-Tazobactam 27(77.2%) Piperacillin 25(71.4%), Ciprofloxaqcin 25(71.4%) and Colistin 24(68.5%) and low susceptibility for Tobramycin 20(57.2%) Gentamycin 18(51.0%). Psudomonas was found to be resistant to most of the therapeutic agent.

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Carbapenem- and Polymyxin-Resistant Gram-negative Bacterial Infections in Pregnant Women and Infants: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Osei Sekyere ◽  
Melese Abate Reta
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
List Type ◽  
Almost All

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenems and polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics used to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. However, resistance is increasing, even in vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and infants, for whom therapeutic options are limited.MethodUsing a diversity of databases, the literature was searched for studies investigating carbapenem and polymyxin resistance in pregnant women and infants (< 5 years).ResultA final set of 73 manuscripts were used. In almost all countries, carbapenem/polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter baumannii infect and/or colonizes neonates and pregnant women, causing periodic outbreaks with very high infant mortalities. Plasmid-borne blaNDM, blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaIMP,blaVIM and blaGES-5 and ompK35/36 downregulation in clonal strains accelerate the horizontal and vertical transmission of carbapenem resistance in these pathogens. High prevalence of carbapenem/polymyxin resistance and carbapenemases were present in India, China, Pakistan, Thailand, Taiwan, Turkey, Egypt, Italy, USA, South Africa, Algeria, Ghana, and Madagascar. Factors such as antibiotic therapy, prolonged hospitalization, invasive procedures, mother/infant colonization, mechanical ventilation, low-birth weight and preterm state placed infants at high risk of carbapenem/polymyxin-resistant infections. Infant mortalities ranged from 0.2% to 36.8% in different countries.ConclusionUse of polymyxins to treat carbapenem-resistant infections is selecting for resistance to both agents, restricting therapeutic options for infected infants and pregnant women. However, appropriate infection control and antibiotic therapy can contain outbreaks and clear these infections. Antibiotic stewardship, periodic rectal and vaginal screening, and strict infection control practices in neonatal ICUs are necessary to forestall future outbreaks and deaths.HighlightsCarbapenems & polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics used for multidrug-resistant infectionsResistance to these two agents are reported in infants & pregnant womenK. pneumoniae, E. coli, and A. baumannii are the most common pathogensCarbapenem & polymyxin resistance cause outbreaks with high infant mortalitiesAppropriate treatment & infection control can outbreaks & save lives

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document