Development of papaya tree in organic substrates

Papaya is a tropical fruit of great importance in the international and national market. For crop success, the use of quality seedlings is of paramount importance and substrates formulated from organic sources may be a viable alternative. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the initial development of papaya seedlings in different formulations and levels of organic substrates. A completely randomized design was used in a 4x4+1 factorial scheme, corresponding to four substrate formulations, containing decomposed buriti stem (CDB). The treatments included of the following: (CDB, ½ CDB + ½ poultry manure, ½ CDB + ½ cattle manure and ½ CDB + ½ gray with plant origin sourced from materials resulting from the burning of plant material (stem, branches); four proportion levels of the formulations of the substrates mixed to the soil (25; 50; 75 and 100%) and the additional control (100% soil). The following variables were measured: plant height, leaf area, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root length and root dry matter at 42 days of seedling cultivation. The results showed that use of an ideal source of organic matter is feasible in the production of papaya seedlings. The substrate consisting of CBD + poultry manure had great potential to be used in the production of papaya seedlings.

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Substrates and Sowing Depths in the Production of Pansy Seedlings (Viola tricolor L.)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

B. B. Reis ◽

D. B. Rodrigues ◽

A. S. Almeida ◽

H. L. Chagas ◽

A. S. Suné ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Organic Residues ◽

Initial Development ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Viola Tricolor ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The success of seedling production for ornamental or any other crops depends on several factors, including the use of highquality seeds and the choice of suitable substrates. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of different organic residues as substrates and sowing depths on the emergence and initial development of pansy seedlings. Two lots of pansy seeds were used. Seed lot quality was evaluated for water content determination, 1000-seeds weight, germination, first count of germination, accelerated aging, seedling emergence in sand. Post emergence was evaluated by the emergence speed index, shoot length, shoot dry matter and number of leaves. The experiment was performed under completely randomized design, with four replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance through the F-test and the means, compared to each other by the Tukey test, at 5% probability. The most indicated sowing depths for the development of pansy seedlings were 1.5 and 2 cm while the substrate which presented the best results was the Beifort® S10.

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Adição de gesso agrícola e cinza de madeira ao substrato no desenvolvimento de mudas de baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog)

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i2.2915 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 206-212

Author(s):

C. A. Freitas ◽

C. J. Silva ◽

C. A. Silva ◽

J. A. Almeida ◽

N. S. Rincon

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wood Ash ◽

Main Root ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Growth Of Seedlings ◽

Dipteryx Alata

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de mudas de baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog) em função de proporções de gesso (0%; 1,6%; 3,2%; 4,8% e 6,4%) com base em volume e adubação com cinza de madeira (ausência e presença) misturadas ao substrato Bioplant®. Constituiu-se assim um esquema fatorial 5x2, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições e quatro plantas por parcela. O experimento foi conduzido de janeiro a março de 2009, em viveiro com cobertura e laterais de sombrite preto (50% da luminosidade natural), situado na Fazenda Japão, município de Orizona, Goiás. Como recipiente foram utilizados sacos de polietileno de 15 x 25 cm, onde colocou-se uma sementes por recipiente, ficando a extremidade superior da semente cerca de 2,0 cm de profundidade. As irrigações foram realizadas diariamente, no período da tarde. Aos 152 dias após a semeadura, avaliou-se altura de muda (AM), diâmetro de caule (DC), número de folha (NF), número de folíolos por folha (NFF), número de folíolos por planta (NFP), comprimento da raiz principal (CR), massa da matéria seca das raízes (MSR), massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca total (MSTO) e índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD). O gesso agrícola proporcionou melhor desenvolvimento inicial das mudas de baruzeiro, no entanto sua associação com cinzas de madeira, juntamente com o substrato, não favoreceu o desenvolvimento das mudas.Addition of agricultural plaster and wood ash to substrate in baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog) seedlings developingAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate the baruzeiro seedlings development in function of plaster proportions (0%, 1.6%, 3.2%, 4.8% and 6.4 %) based on volume and fertilization with wood ash (absence and presence) added to the substrate Bioplant ®. It constitutes therefore a 5x2 factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized design with three replications and four plants per plot. The experiment was conducted from January to March 2009, in coverage nursery and side with shade screen (50% of natural light), located in Fazenda Japão, Orizona county, Goiás. As container was used polythene bags of 15 x 25 cm, which was placed one seeds per container, with the upper end of the seed approximately 2.0 cm depth. The irrigation was performed daily in the afternoon. At 152 days after sowing, was evaluated seedling height (SH), stem diameter (SD), sheet number (SN), number of leaflets per leaf (NLL), number of leaves per plant (NLP), length the main root (LR), dry mass of roots (DMR), dry mass of aerea part (DMAP), total dry matter (TDM) and Dickson quality index (DQI). The plaster provided better initial development of seedlings baruzeiro, however its association with wood ashes, along with the substrate, didn't favor the growth of seedlings.

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ALTERNATIVE SUBSTRATES FOR PRODUCTION OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v7i1.3890 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Eduardo Santana Aires ◽

Carlos Alberto Aragão ◽

Itala Laiane Silva Gomes ◽

Gilmário Noberto de Souza ◽

Isa Gabriela Vieira de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Alternative Substrates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Length Width ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

This study aimed to evaluate different substrates to produce yellow passion fruit seedlings. For this purpose, an experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, from April to June 2016. A completely randomized design with five replications, in a 6 x 5 factorial scheme was used. The first factor was the alternative substrates (poultry, cattle and equine manure, sugarcane and coconut bagasse, and Organomais compost). The second factor was the replacement levels to the commercial substrate of Plantmax® (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). The seedling evaluation was carried out 42 days after sowing. The following variables were analyzed: length, width, and the number of leaves; plant height and shoot dry matter. A significant effect (P0.05) for the interaction between the factors was verified. The addition of 60% cattle manure and Organomais to the commercial substrate Plantmax® promoted greater length, width, and the number of leaves, plant height, and shoot dry matter accumulation in the yellow passion fruit seedlings.

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Initial Development of Eucalyptus According to Different Desiccation Periods of Signalgrass

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582018360100020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Y. GRAAT ◽

A.L. BACHA ◽

M.P. NEPOMUCENO ◽

P.L.C.A. ALVES

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Control Sample ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Urochloa Decumbens ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Red Latosol ◽

Eucalyptus Urograndis ◽

Herbicide Glyphosate

ABSTRACT: This study aimed at evaluating the effects of different desiccation periods of Urochloa decumbens on the initial development of Eucalyptus urograndis (clone C-219H). The experiment was conducted in 100 liter concrete boxes, previously filled with Dark-Red Latosol. U. decumbens was sown in all plots, except for the control sample without covering. After 95 days from sowing, the herbicide glyphosate (dose of 1,424 g a.e. ha-1) was sprayed at intervals of 0 (Apply-Plant), 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days before eucalyptus planting, plus a control sample without covering, totaling seven treatments. A completely randomized design with six replications was used. Eucalyptus plants were evaluated 30, 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP), when the height of the plants and the diameter of the stem were determined. At the end of the experimental period (90 DAP), the leaf area and the dry matter of leaves and stem were measured. It is possible to conclude that the Apply-Plant modality was harmful to some of the eucalyptus characteristics (E. urograndis - C-219H), while planting the seedlings in periods over 14 days after the desiccation of U. decumbens plants promoted a better development of the culture.

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Interference of Brassicaceae and Poaceae on Canola Hybrids

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

D.R.O. SILVA ◽

A.C.M. AGUIAR ◽

D.P. GHELLER ◽

B.D. NOVELLO ◽

C.J. BASSO

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Weed Species ◽

Orthogonal Contrasts ◽

Light Interference ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Hybrid Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the initial competitive ability of canola hybrids against Brassicaceae and Poaceae species in terms of root and shoot resources. Two experiments were conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments consisted of interference conditions by root + shoot interference (root+shoot) and shoot interference (Light); and Brassicaceae and Poaceae weeds competing with hybrid of canola (Hyola 61 and Diamond) with different traits for competitiveness. The plant height, root length, dry matter of shoot and root, number of leaves and leaf area were evaluated. Data were compared using orthogonal contrasts. The turnip and volunteer canola reduced root development of the Hyola 61 in root + shoot interference, and among the Brassicaceas weeds, turnip caused greater losses. Brassicaceas weeds caused largest reductions in Diamond’s hybrid growth compared to Poaceae, mainly under light interference. Brassicaceas and Poaceae weeds cause similar damage to Hyola 61 hybrid, and the injury is higher for root +shoot interference. The black oat induce shoot growth in the Diamond hybrid under shoot interference, while among the Brassicaceae weed species, there were no differences.

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INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CORN SUBJECTED TO INCREASING NITROGEN DOSES

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v8i1.5226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e5226

Author(s):

Dhiego César Oliveira Riva Neto ◽

Leonardo Rodrigues Barros ◽

Vinicius Silva Sousa ◽

Eliana Paula Fernandes Brasil ◽

Adriana Aparecida Ribon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Economic Value ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Agronomic Efficiency ◽

Area Index ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Set Up ◽

Almost All

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals grown and consumed in the world not only for its economic value but also due to its importance in human and animal nutrition. This study aimed to assess the initial development of corn as a function of increasing nitrogen doses. The study was carried out in a greenhouse on the Sipal Farm, Confresa, MT, Brazil. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N dm−3 soil), with four replications, conducted from April to June 2020. Four seeds of the hybrid K 9606 VIP 3 were sown per 8-L polyethylene pot. The plants were thinned at 7 days after emergence (DAE), leaving only one plant per pot. Morphological components were assessed. A significant effect was found for almost all the analyzed parameters, except for stem diameter and root dry matter. The maximum plant height, shoot fresh matter, leaf area index, shoot dry matter, root fresh matter, and root volume was obtained by applying the maximum agronomic efficiency doses of 248.83, 271.90, 336.91, 279.66, 403.92, and 272.90 mg N dm−3 soil, respectively. Nitrogen doses influenced the initial development of the corn crop.

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Development and root morphology of passion fruit in different substrates

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas ◽

10.17584/rcch.2018v12i2.7779 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 514-520

Author(s):

Karminne Dias do Valle ◽

Laísse Danielle Pereira ◽

Moab Acácio Barbosa ◽

Vanessa Brenda Souza Chaves ◽

Pedro Henrique Magalhães de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Chicken Manure ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Initial Development ◽

Initial Formation ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

Among the factors that contribute to better initial development of plants, it is the substrate used. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of substrate in initial formation and morphology of the roots of two species of passion fruits. The analyses were done in the nursery of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Regional Jataí, Brazil, with a light interception of 60%. The material used were seeds of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) and the cultivar FB 200 (Flora Brasil), harvested in the UFG experimental field. They were sown in three types of substrates: Soil I (mixture of soil, chicken manure and sand in a ratio of 2:1:1 by volume), soil II (steep bank), and Bioplant®, using for plants perforated bags with a capacity of 1.5 L. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with six treatments, eight replications and four plants per plot. After 30 days of sowing, fresh matter of root, root dry matter and morphology were evaluated. The substrate affected the initial development of yellow passion fruit, obtaining the best results with Bioplant®, showing as promising for the development of all the evaluated characteristics.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN DOSIS UREA DALAM AMONIASI LIMBAH TONGKOL JAGUNG UNTUK PAKAN TERNAK TERHADAP KANDUNGAN BAHAN KERING, SERAT KASAR DAN PROTEIN KASAR

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v5i1.1872 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

A. Fariani., dkk

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Poultry Manure ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Corn Cob ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this research was to study the effect of urea dose in corn cob ammoniation on the dry mater , crude fi ber and crude protein. This research was done in two processes. The fi rst process was producing corn cob ammoniation within 7 days. The second process was analyzed the nutritive value of corn cob ammoniation. This research used Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications were : A (control), B (corn cob+ 2% urea), C (corn cob + 4% urea), D (corn cob + 6% urea), each treatment added with poultry manure 15% of corn cob dry weight. The parameters measured were dry matter, crudefi ber and crude protein. The result showed that all the treatments resulted signifi cantly differences on dry matter, crude fi ber and crude protein. The conclusion of the research was that the treatment by addition urea 4% gave the best result.Key words : Corn Cob, urea dose, poultry manure and ammoniation

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Production of cocona and jurubeba seedlings in different types of containers

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362012000400026 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 720-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcelo A Guimarães ◽

Manuel Filipe N Garcia ◽

Leandro A Damasceno ◽

Caris S Viana

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Main Root ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Production Area ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Polyethylene Bags ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Benjamin Constant ◽

Amazonas State

The effect of different containers was evaluated to produce cocona seedlings (Solanum sessiliflorum) and jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum). The experiment was performed in the mesoregion of Alto Solimões, in Benjamin Constant, Amazonas state, Brazil, in a particular production area. The seeding was done in black holed polyethylene bags and polystyrene trays with 128, 200 and 288 cells with volumes of 250.00; 32.61; 21.60 and 9.88 cm³, respectively. We adopted a completely randomized design with four containers, four replicates, being assessed five plants per replicate. The seedlings of cocona were evaluated at 27, 38, 45 and 52 days after sowing (DAS) and of jurubeba at 38, 45, 52, 59 and 66 DAS. We evaluated the number of leaves; length of the main root, the aerial and total parts of the plant, fresh and dry matter of the main root, fresh and dry matter of the aerial part. There was no difference on the number of leaves of jurubeba at 45 and 66 DAS; there was no difference on the number of leaves of cocona at 52 DAS; there occurred a greater number of leaves of cocona when seeded on trays containing 200 cells; The other characteristics for both species presented higher values when the seeding was done in the plastic bags, at all evaluation dates.

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Weed Control and Selectivity to Post-Applied Herbicides in Eucalyptus

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n10p67 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Allan Lopes Bacha ◽

Mariluce Pascoina Nepomuceno ◽

Willians Cesar Carrega ◽

Pedro De Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa Martins ◽

Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Weed Control ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Weed Species ◽

Visual Effects ◽

Initial Development ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

The objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of fluazifop-p-butyl and haloxyfop-R methyl ester on Eucalyptus urograndis (clone GG100), as well as the use of fluazifop-p-butyl for control of Panicum maximum and Urochloa brizantha. Two experiments were conducted in 15-liter capacity pots, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The first experiment consisted of seven treatments, in which fluazifop-p-butyl and haloxyfop-R methyl ester were sprayed at 15, 30 and 37 days after planting (DAP) and a control plot without application. In the second experiment, the treatments consisted of a factorial 4 × 2 (four application periods and two weed species), in which three seedlings of P. maximum or U. brizantha were transplanted per pot. In both experiments, at 90 DAP, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and total dry matter of eucalyptus were evaluated. In the second experiment, besides the morphological parameters, the percentage of weed control was evaluated. The data was submitted to analysis of variance by F test, and the means compared by Tukey test at the level of 5% of probability. Both herbicides did not cause visual effects of phytointoxication in eucalyptus, but haloxyfop-R methyl ester was not selective to clone GG100 (E. urograndis). Fluazifop-p-butyl was selective to clone GG100, providing better control in the first application period (15 DAP) but only for P. maximum, which negatively affected the initial development of eucalyptus, while U. brizantha was not efficiently controlled with the usage of fluazifop-p-butyl.

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