scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SEED INOCULATION BY RHIZOTORFIN STRAINS ON CHICKPEA PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
Yu. V. Laktionov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nutrition Value

The article presents the study results of seed inoculation by specific strains Mesorhizobiumciceri on number and weight of chickpea root nodules, productivity and nutrition value of chickpea cultivated in the southern nature-climatic part of the Rostov region.  The study was conducted on the fields of FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (in the laboratory of cultivation technology of row crops) located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2015–2016. The soil of the plot was heavy loamy carbonate blackearth (chernozem) with 7.0 рН, 3.2% of humus, 18–25 of P2O5 mg/kg of soil and 350–400 of K2O mg/kg of soil. The object of the study was a chickpea variety ‘Volgogradsky 10’, approved to use in the Rostov region. The strains of nodule bacteria (Rhyzotorfin) were developed and presented by the FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (the laboratory of ecology of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria). Agroclimatic conditions of chickpea vegetation period ranged throughout the years of study that allowed estimating chickpea productivity without fear or favor. The use of Rhyzotorfin strains resulted in increasing preservation of plants for harvesting, improving seed productivity (seed-weight per plant, 1000-kernel weight) and increasing grain productivity (with the increase on 0.24–0.51 t/ha compared with the control). Large yields of fodder units and raw protein per unit area testified the improvement of nutrition value of chickpea kernels, and the increase of these traits to the control was 0.33–0.68 t/ha and 26.5-93.1 kg/ha respectively.

scholarly journals Maize hybrids' productivity depending on the use of biological products and bioorganic fertilizers “Nagro”

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
G. V. Metlina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Bioorganic Fertilizer

The field trials were carried out in 2018-2019 in the laboratory for cultivation technology of row crops of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd). The experimental plot was located in the southern agricultural zone of the Rostov region (with insufficient and unstable moisture). The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem) on loess-like loam, with 3.2% of humus, 18.5-20.0 mg of P2O5, 342-360 mg of K2O per kg of soil. The value of the hydrothermal coefficient in the years of research ranged from 0.27 to 0.66, which characterized the insufficient moisture supply of the vegetation period. The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of biological products and bioorganic fertilizer “Nagro” on the productivity of the mid-ripening hybrid ‘Zernogradsky 354 MB'. The applied bio products had a significant effect on the safety of plants for harvesting, which was at the level of 86.6-87.9% and indicators of the yield structure, where there was a significant improvement in comparison with the control variant on 7.2-26.2 g of a cob weight, 6.0-19.75 g of kernel weight per cob, 19.2-32.3 g of 1000-kernel weight. The productivity increase due to the use of bio products ranged in 0.18-0.56 t/ha. The most energetically efficient variants of the trial were the use of the bioorganic fertilizer “Nagro” and the biological product “Flavobacterin”, where the minimum values of the energy intensity of the product were 4.55 GJ/ha (“Nagro”) and the maximum energy efficiency coefficient was 2.39 GJ/ha (“Flavobacterin”). When using the bioorganic fertilizer “Nagro”, there was the largest net income of 20 343 rubles/ha, with the smallest production cost of 3487 rubles/ha and the highest profitability level of 158%.

scholarly journals The efficiency of the herbicide ‘Ballerina’ on grain sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
S. A. Vasilchenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The current paper has presented the study results of the effect of different dosages of the herbicide ‘Ballerina SE’ on the weediness of sorghum sowing, as well as the economic efficiency of the application. The purpose of the study was to estimate the efficiency of the use of the herbicide ‘Ballerina’ on grain sorghum and its effect on the weediness of the sowing and the amount of productivity. The field trials were carried out in 2017–2019 in the laboratory for cultivation technology of row crops of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd). The experimental plot is located in the southern agricultural zone of the Rostov region (with insufficient and unstable moisture). The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary heavy loamy blackearth (chernozem) on forestry loams, with 3.2% of humus, 18.5–20.0 mg of P2O5 and 342–360 mg of K2O per kg of soil. The hydrothermal coefficient during the years of study ranged from 0.32 to 0.89, which characterized the insufficient moisture supply of the growing season. There was presented the information on the varietal composition of grain sorghum in the southern zone of the Rostov region. The applied dosages of the herbicide had a significant effect on the reduction of the weediness of grain sorghum after their application (the decrease ranged from 78.3 to 96.7%). The greatest decrease in weediness was noted for dicotyledonous weeds. When using 0.5–l of the herbicide ‘Ballerina SE’ per ha, there was obtained the highest conditional net income of 22,230 rubles/ha, with the lowest production cost of 4,329 rubles/ha and the highest profitability level of 163%.

scholarly journals The use of herbicides for cultivation of the maize hybrid “Zernogradsky 354 MV” in the south of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
G. V. Metlina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Productivity Increase ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Experimental Plots

The field trials were conducted in 2017–2019 in the laboratory for cultivation technologies of row crops in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The experimental plots were located in the southern soil-climatic zone of the Rostov region characterized with insufficient and unstable moisture. The soil of the experimental plots was heavy-loamy ordinary blackearth (chernozem) on forestry loams with 3.2% of humus, fertilized with 18.5 – 20.0 mg/kg of P2O5 and 342 – 360 mg/kg of K2O. The current paper has presented the study results of the effect of herbicides on middle ripening maize hybrid “Zernogradsky 354 MV”, included in the State List of RF in 2010. The used herbicides had a positive effect on reducing the contamination of maize sowings with monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weeds (90% decrease), which contributed to an improvement of grain crop productivity. In the phase of full ripeness, the number of weeds in the experimental variants was 2.7–3.1 times less than in the control variant. The productivity increase in the control variant was 0.55–0.83 t/ha. The largest net income (22 545 rub/ha) was obtained due to the use of the herbicide “Elumis”. The high cost of the preparations negatively affected the cost of production, which exceeded the control variant on 436–519 rubles per ton. The profitability of the applied herbicides was lower than the control variant on 30 and 39%. The grain productivity increase obtained in the trials has paid for the costs of herbicides’ use; the payback amount was 1.15–1.57 rubles.

scholarly journals PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS OF TRITICUM PETROPAVLOVSKYI AND ITS SPONTANEOUS MACROMUTANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
B. V. Romanov ◽  
K. I. Pimonov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Triticum Petropavlovskyi ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Study Results

The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the FSBSI “Federal Russian Agricultural Research Center”, whose soils are ordinary blackearth (chernozem). 25 productive shoots of each sample were taken in their full ripeness, and, when the seeds reached standard humidity, there was performed a structural analysis in the laboratory. T. petropavlovskyi and spontaneous macromutant forms emerged from cultivation were used as the objects of study. In the process of a long-term cultivation of T. petropavlovskyi in the collection, there were identified numerous spontaneous macromutant forms of a specific nature. The paper presents the study results of the product characteristics of T.petropavlovskyi and spontaneous macromutant forms which are phenotypically close to T. spelta and soft-like T. aestivum and typical soft wheat T. aestivum. It has been established that product characteristics of speltoid macromutant wheat are significantly inferior to the original T. petropavlovskyi and macromutant soft wheat T. aestivum. Product features of soft-like macromutant T. aestivum is similar to the original T. petropavlovskyi, but has a smaller sprout weight and, correspondingly, lower grain productivity. The most promising variety for breeding process is the macromutant typical soft wheat T. aestivum, which forms a larger number of grains and, due to this, has an advantage in ‘kernel weight per head’ over all samples, including the initial form. The value of this macromutant form can also be determined by the high coefficient of specific productivity (Csp), which indicates a more efficient work of its vegetative organs. Consequently, the macromutant T. aestivum, which is phenomenally similar to the existing varieties of soft wheat, promises a high hybridization efficiency with the latter. Thus, the macromutant form of T. aestivum, developed on the basis of the T. petropavlovskyi genotype, is of some value as an initial material for breeding practice.

scholarly journals The study of chinese rice samples under the conditions of the Rostov region

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
A. V. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
The South ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Work ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Rice Samples

Rice is the most important food crop on the Earth. The development of new productive rice varieties for the conditions of the south of Russia and specifcally the Rostov region is possible after careful study and use of collection material from other regions of the planet in the breeding work. Genetic varietal diversity of samples from various countries is the basis for breeding study aimed at improving rice productivity. The purpose of the study was to study 15 collection Chinese rice samples, analyze some quantitative traits, and select the best ones for further breeding. The samples were studied in the Proletarsky district of the Rostov region. The varieties “Yuzhanin” and “Boyarin” were taken as the standard varieties. In the study of Chinese rice samples according to their morphological and biological  traits  there has been  identifed a signifcant diversity. The vegetation period “sprouting-fowering” ranged from 85–130 days; the trait “plant height” varied from 63.3 cm to 101.7 cm; the trait “length of a panicle” ranged from 15.7 to 21.7 cm; the trait “1000-kernel weight” varied from 16.3 to 34.0 g; the trait “number of spikelets per panicle” ranged from 79 to 158 pieces; the trait “fertility” was from 86.8 to 98.3%. There has been identifed a positive correlation between “plant height” and length of a panicle, 1000-kernel weight, kernel number per panicle, and fertility. Kernel weight per panicle has also correlated with these traits. For future breeding work there have been selected 6 rice samples that could mature well in the south of the Rostov Region, namely “Lyaonin 1”, “Lyaonin 5”, “Lyaonin 8”, “Lyaonin 10”, “Lyaonin 12” and “Lyaonin 15”. There has been carried out a hybridization of samples with the early ripening variety “Kontakt”.

scholarly journals YIELD STRUCTURE ELEMENTS OF LEAFY AND LEAFLESS PEA SAMPLES: VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PROSPECTS OF THEIR USE IN THE BREEDING PROCESS

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
K. N. Khabibullin ◽  
M. V. Skulova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
World Collection ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Russian Research

To select highly productive peas genotypes it is essential to know the patterns of plant productivity, depending on the combination of structural elements. The purpose of this work was to study the variability of yield structure elements, to identify the correlation between them, and to study the influence of yield structure elements on seed productivity in collection samples of peas with different types of leaf. The studies were conducted on the experimental fields of the laboratory of legumes breeding and seed-growing of the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Rostov region, Zernograd) in 2017–2018. The objects of research were 58 leafy and 69 leafless samples of various ecological and geographical origin from the world collection of the All-Russian Research Institute named after N.I. Vavilov and samples identified by other research institutions in Russia and abroad. The studies on the variability and correlation of the yield elements of leafy and leafless pea samples have shown that ‘number of kernels per plant’ and ‘kernel weight per plant’ are most variable traits. There has been identified the difference in interconnection among leafy and leafless samples. No-effect of plant height and lower nod location on productivity allows breeding short-stem pea samples and samples with high attachment of a lower nod of both pea types without reducing their productivity.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of the hybrid rice population ‘Mavr × Kontakt’

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
P. I. Kostylev ◽  
E. V. Krasnova ◽  
G. A. Sirapionov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Negative Dominance ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Black Color

Rice can form not only white-color kernels, but also of red, brown and black colors. In black-color rice kernels, the pericarp contains anthocyanin, which has antioxidant activity and therefore has a positive effect on human health. The purpose of the current study was to develop rice samples with black pericarp. The paper has presented the study results of the hybrid population ‘Mavr × Kontakt’ of the second generation. The variety ‘Mavr’ has a black pericarp, the variety ‘Kontakt’ has a white one. In the process of hybridological analysis there have been identified the patterns of inheritance of the main quantitative traits affecting productivity; there have been identified the best samples, in which formed compact erect panicles and black kernels; there has been selected the initial material for breeding work. The study was carried out in 2020 on the plots of the ES “Proletarskoye” in the Rostov region. There was established that the color of pericarp was inherited according to the type of complementary interaction of two genes. There was found an overdominance and interaction of two pairs of genes of different strengths according to ‘plant height’. There was also seen partial positive dominance, transgressions, and digenic differences of the initial varieties according to ‘panicle length’. According to the traits ‘number of spikelets per panicle’, there was identified overdominance of large values and positive transgression. There were found the forms with well-kerneled panicles. The trait ‘1000 kernel weight’ was characterized by negative dominance and dihybrid cleavage of 9:6:1. There have been selected the best morphotype F2 forms with black pericarp, which possessed optimal plant height, long panicles, larger kernel size, and an average 1000 kernel weight.

scholarly journals The role of the upper leaves in the formation of productivity and its elements in the varieties and lines of winter bread wheat of intensive type

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
V. L. Gaze ◽  
E. V. Ionova ◽  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
O. V. Skripka
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Productive Systems

The current paper has presented the study results on estimating the effect of the upper leaves’ area of winter bread wheat samples on productivity and its elements. There have been tested nine winter bread wheat varieties of intensive type developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The current study has identified that the largest upper leaves’ area under insufficient moisture supply during the periods of head formation and flowering was produced by the variety “Etyud” (31 cm2 in a heading period; 29.4 cm2 in a flowering period). During the period of milky kernel ripening, the variety “Shef” has also shown the largest upper leaves’ area under insufficient moisture supply (17.7 cm2). The variety “Yubiley Dona” has shown a minimal decrease in the upper leaves area to milky kernel ripeness (40%). The evaluation results of productivity and its structure have shown that the largest value of the number of productive stems per 1 m2 in arid conditions was identified in the varieties “Etyud” (261 pcs.) and “Shef” (254 pcs.). According to the number of kernels per main head, the variety “Donskaya Step” was the best with 32 pcs. Large kernel weight per main head was identified in the varieties “Donskaya Step” (0.72 g), “Shef” and “Etyud” (0.67 g), and according to 1000 kernel weight the varieties “Etyud” (25.9 g) and “Zodiak” (25.2 g) were the best ones. The varieties “Etyud” (163.7 g/m2) and “Shef” (168.6 g/m2) have produced the maximum yields, that means the best functioning of all productive systems of winter bread wheat. The estimation of the samples according to the correlation between photosynthesis efficiency of the upper leaves’ area and kernel percentage (ZFL) has identified the samples “Donskaya Step”, “1005/14”, “Univer”. According to the correlation between photosynthesis efficiency of the upper leaves’ area and kernel weight per head (MFFL) the variety “Donskaya Step” showed the best results. The conducted study ad obtained results made it possible to identify the varieties “Shef”, “Etyud” and “Donskaya Step”. The identified varieties have been proposed for further use in the breeding process.

scholarly journals Economic and energy estimation of the effect of seeding rates of spring peas in the south of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
A. R. Ashiev ◽  
N. S. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Germinating Seeds

For Russia, peas are traditional legumes, used both in the food industry for its excellent taste, and in animal husbandry for the high content of feed units and balanced protein, which allows reducing the cost of animals’ feeding. The purpose of the current study was to estimate the effect of the seeding rates of peas on its productivity, feed value of its beans, economic and bioenergetic cultivation efficiency. The current paper has presented the study results obtained in the laboratory for cultivation technology of row crops (FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”) in 2019–2020 where there was studied the effect of seeding rates on productivity of the middle maturing pea variety ‘Aksaysky Usatii 5’ of the Don breeding. The soil of the experimental plot was favorable for growing peas with 3.36% of humus in the arable, with 7.0 pH, 24.4 mg/kg of soil of P2O5, 360 mg/kg of soil of K2O. The studied seeding rates influenced yield structure elements of peas, protein percentage in seeds and yield of feed units. At seeding rates of 1.2-1.8 million of germinating seeds per hectare, there was an increase in protein percentage in seeds on more than 1.0% in comparison with the norms of 0.8-1.0 million of germinating seeds per hectare. In the same variants of the trial, the yield of digestible protein was at the level of 528-579 kg/ha, compared with that of 390-456 kg/ha when sown with a rate of 0.8-1.0 million of germinating seeds per hectare. The maximum productivity (2.07 t/ha) was recorded with a seeding rate of 1.4 million of germinating seeds per hectare. In the same variant of the trial, there were identified the maximum indicators of energy and economic efficiency, such as 2.07 of energy efficiency coefficient and 97.4% of profitability with the lowest production cost of 7600 rubles/ton.

scholarly journals Response of some wheat genotypes to different salinity levels of Irrigated water

Plant Omics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salinity Levels

Salinity is one of the major constraints for crop production across the world. Saudi Arabia is dominated with desert environment with high salinity in the central region of the country. Therefore, salinity has a limiting factor for cereal crops in this region. The objective of this study was to assess the productivity and quality characters for some wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes under different salinity levels of Irrigated water (control, 4000, 8000 ppm NaCl). The experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 seasons. The trial was conducted under greenhouse environmental condition at Qassim University Agricultural Research and Experimental Station during 2011 and 2012 seasons. Twenty wheat genotypes including: 5 genotypes from ICARDA, 7 genotypes from Pakistan, 5 Australian genotypes, one American genotype (Yocora Rojo), one Egyptian genotype (Sakha 93) and one local genotype (Sama) were used in this study. Results from wheat genotype trial showed a significant difference (p<0.05) for all traits due to increased salinity in irrigation water from 4000 to 8000 ppm. There was a significant difference between the varieties for plant height, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels spike-1 and Na for grain and straw. The interaction effect was significant in number of spikes, 1000-kernel weight and Na for grain and hay and Na / K cereal. The results showed that Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000 and Shaka 93 have the highest yield at high level of salt and Sis 13, P2 and Local were the least in yield. Moreover, the results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior wheat genotypes for grain yield under salt stress in the two seasons (Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000, Yocara Rojo and Sakha 93) are clustered in group D. These genotypes can be considered as salinity resistant varieties. The maximum reduction over control under salt stress was recorded in Australian genotypes (P6 and P9) and local genotype 'Sama'.

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