scholarly journals STRUCTURE OF SERRIED LARCH CANOPY IN THE NORTHEAST OF EURASIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
E.Y. Gryuntal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ecological Differences

The structure of larch canopy on the microcommunity level is described in terms of direct contact of its elements. In case of adjacent growth genetic range of species should be maximally implemented by morphological features (linear dimensions, crown architectonics etc.) and environmental properties, particularly light conditions, which is confirmed by our results. The analysis was performed in compact biogroups of 10 trees taken as models in close-canopy larch stands of Khabarovsk and Magadan region. In general, the ratio of height and crown indexes is represented by four options: (a) leader in height with a short crown, (b) the same with an extended crown; c) stunted with a short crown, d) the same with a long crown. Light-demanding individuals can not have too long crown; either, if circumstances and genetic potential allow, they occupy a leading position (a) or become candidates for decease (с). More shade-tolerant trees with a relatively long crown look quite vital both when forestall neighbors in growth (b) and lagging from these (d). In some biogroups trees with heights less than average in the mean proved to be elder than dominants; i.e. the differentiation of trees in the process of coenogenesis into predominating, indifferent and depressed, the latter being almost doomed to extinction, does not look evident and unconditional. Individual ecological differences can have some economic value as a basis for selection, if we confirm the version that more light-demanding plants not only can achieve greater heights, but will do it quicker, i.e. will give a more precocious wood.

scholarly journals Five-year changes in anterior segment parameters in an older population in urban southern China: the Liwan Eye Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Decai Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Lanhua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Anterior Chamber Angle ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Angle Width

PurposeTo investigate the 5-year changes in static and dynamic anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters and their predictors.MethodsThis was a prospective, population-based cohort study of people aged 50 years and older residing in the Liwan District, Guangzhou, China. Standardised AS-OCT scans were performed in November 2008 and November 2013 under dark and light conditions. Customised software was used to analyse horizontal AS-OCT images. Parameters in dark and measurements of light-to-dark changes were used for analyses.ResultsA total of 186 (71.8%) subjects underwent AS-OCT twice, 5 years apart and were included for analyses. The mean age in 2008 was 64.7±7.0 years, and 60.2% were women. The anterior chamber width (ACW) decreased from 11.74±0.44 mm in 2008 to 11.60±0.37 mm in 2013 (p=0.001). There was a trend towards a decrease in dynamic capacity (light-to-dark changes) in the anterior segment, with decreased iris thickness at 750 µm (ΔIT750), ΔACW, Δ anterior chamber area (ACA) and Δ pupil diameter at 5 years (all p<0.05). After adjusting for age and sex, the following baseline parameters were associated with a greater decrease rate in trabecular iris space area at 500 µm (TISA500) at 5 years: TISA500, IT750 and ACA in dark (p<0.001 for all).ConclusionsAnterior chamber angle width decreased and the amount of light-to-dark changes declined during 5-year follow-up. Subjects with greater height, wider angle width and thicker iris at baseline have greater angle narrowing at follow-up.

scholarly journals A PHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO CONSERVATION OF FOUR PALM SPECIES: ARENGA AUSTRALASICA, CALAMUS AUSTRALIS, HYDRI- ASTELE WENDLANDIANA AND LICUALA RAMSAYI

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Dian Latifah ◽  
Robert A. Congdon ◽  
Joseph A. Holtum
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Tropical Rainforests ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Physiological Approach ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Seed Coats

Palms (Arecaceae) are an important component of many tropical rainforests. Many have also been cultivated widely for agricultural commodities with high economic value. They are also important components in rehabilitation of disturbed or marginal lands. Knowledge and application of germination strategies are essential in the cultivation of palms. Many species have seeds that do not germinate readily, even when light conditions are favourable. This research determined the effects of seed coats, light and temperature on germination of Arenga australasica (H. Wendl. & Drude) S. T. Blake ex H. E. Moore, Calamus australis Mart., Hydriastele wendlandiana (F. Muell.) H. Wendl. & Drude and Licuala ramsayi var. tuckeri Barford & Dowe. We examined physical treatments to promote germination or break dormancy, as well as different light and temperature conditions. The results showed that the hard seed coats of the four species slowed imbibition. Scarified seeds germinated best for A. australasica, C. australis and L. ramsayi. The germination of all seeds was inhibited by far red light. The red light requirement suggests that these species prefer to colonise open areas. This implies that dispersal agents, canopy gaps and forest margins may play important roles in promoting regeneration as well as conservation of these palm species.

scholarly journals Alometric Model for Estimation of Leaf Area of Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. Through Non-destructive Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽  
Cássio Francisco Moreira de Carvalho ◽  
Juliany Morosini França ◽  
Flávia Barreto Pinto ◽  
Karina Tiemi Hassuda dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Non Destructive

The objective of the present study was to test and establish mathematical models to estimate the leaf area of Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. through linear dimensions of the length, width and product of both measurements. In this way, 500 leaves of trees with age between 4 and 6 years were collected from all the cardinal points of the plant in the municipality of S&atilde;o Mateus, North of the State of Esp&iacute;rito Santo, Brazil. The length (L) along the main midrib, the maximum width (W), the product of the length with the width (LW) and the observed leaf area (OLA) were obtained for all leaves. From these measurements were adjusted linear equations of first degree, quadratic and power, in which OLA was used as dependent variable as function of L, W and LW as independent variable. For the validation, the values of L, W and LW of 100 random leaves were substituted in the equations generated in the modeling, thus obtaining the estimated leaf area (ELA). The values of the means of ELA and OLA were tested by Student&rsquo;s t test 5% of probability. The mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and Willmott&rsquo;s index d for all proposed models were also determined. The choice of the best model was based on the non significant values in the comparison of the means of ELA and OLA, values of MAE and RMSE closer to zero and value of the index d and coefficient of determination (R2) close to unity. The equation that best estimates leaf area of Garcinia brasiliensis Mart. in a way non-destructive is the power model represented by por ELA = 0.7470(LW)0.9842 and R2 = 0.9949.

Nutritional composition of Patagonian marine gastropods during reproductive seasonality

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-576
Author(s):  
Mariano Cumplido ◽  
Carmen Marinho ◽  
Gregorio Bigatti
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Marine Gastropods ◽  
Complementary Resources ◽  
The Mean

AbstractMarine gastropods are consumed worldwide due to their nutritional quality, having important economic value in international markets. In the gulfs of Northern Patagonia (Argentina), marine gastropods are captured as complementary resources during bivalve artisanal fisheries. In this study, we determined the biochemical composition during the reproductive cycle of four edible marine gastropods abundant along the South-western Atlantic coast: Odontocymbiola magellanica, Buccinanops deformis, Buccinanops cochlidium and Trophon geversianus. All the studied species presented high protein (36–70.8%), low lipids (0.02–1.50%) and intermediate glycogen content (3.22–14.08%). The main oviposition season was during spring and summer. The mean nutritional values indicate that the species studied provide a good source of nutrients appropriate to the human diet, reaffirming their value as a commercial resource. Taking into account the nutritional contribution and the reproductive season, the best period for the capture of these resources is during summer for O. magellanica and T. geversianus, and during autumn for B. deformis and B. cochlidium. This work will help promote the consumption of Patagonian gastropods while ensuring their responsible capture, contributing to the sustainability of these valuable resources.

Morphological Quantitation of Emphysema: A Debate

2006 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 1419-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewald R. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Reliable Index ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Automated Method ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Mean Linear Intercept ◽  
The Mean

The following series of letters to the editor concerns a recently published morphologic method proposed by Parameswaran and colleagues for sensitive, early detection of emphysema ( J Appl Physiol 100: 186–193, 2006). The validity of the proposed method was critiqued by Ewald Weibel, and, in turn, this critique was rebutted by Parameswaran et al. Additional brief commentaries were contributed by scientists working in the field. Further comments on this important topic are welcome. The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: The mean linear intercept ( Lm) can be used to estimate the surface area for gas exchange in the lung. However, in recent years it is most commonly used as an index for characterizing the enlargement of airspaces in emphysema and the associated severity of structural destruction in the lung. Specifically, an increase in Lm is thought to result from an increase in airspace sizes. In this paper, we examined how accurately Lm measures the linear dimensions of airspaces from histological sections and a variety of computer-generated test images. To this end, we developed an automated method for measuring linear intercepts from digitized images of tissue sections and calculate Lm as their mean. We examined how the shape of airspaces and the variability of their sizes influence Lm as well as the distribution of linear intercepts. We found that for a relatively homogeneous enlargement of airspaces, Lm was a reliable index for detecting emphysema. However, in the presence of spatial heterogeneities with a large variability of airspace sizes, Lm did not significantly increase and sometimes even decreased compared to its value in normal tissue. We also developed an automated method for measuring the area and computed an equivalent diameter of each individual airspace that is independent of shape. Finally, we introduced new indexes based on the moments of diameter that we found to be more reliable than Lm to characterize airspace enlargement in the presence of heterogeneities.

scholarly journals Demographic variables associated with Covid-19 mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Manuel Madrazo Cabo ◽  
Nuvia Adriana Monter Valera ◽  
Edith Jocelyn Hernández Sánchez ◽  
Mariola Ruiz Sánchez ◽  
Gabriela Sánchez Machorro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Population Pyramid ◽  
Pyramid Structure ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: Covid-19 is a betacoronavirus that was initially transmitted to humans from an animal host. It enters the cell by binding its protein S with angiotensin-converted enzyme receptors. It is transmitted through direct contact and respiratory drops. The most affected population so far are older adults and people with chronic conditions. The objective of this research is to analyze the possible association between the structure of the population pyramid, the Gross Domestic Product, the type of isolation and screening used to detect Covid-19 in the countries with the highest and lowest mortality from this disease.Design and Methods: Some variables take part in the Covid-19 mortality worldwide, such as the population structure, expressed in the population pyramid by country, the type of isolation adopted in each nation, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as well as the type of screening that is implemented in the different countries analyzed.Results: After analyzing the mean difference in the countries with a regressive and progressive population pyramid, an association was identified between the regressive population pyramid structure and the higher mortality rate (p<0.001).Conclusions: The countries with a progressive population pyramid are the most benefited by making their population more screened since the mortality rate decreases significantly compared to the countries with less attribution (p<0.036).

scholarly journals New Case Detection by Cascade Testing in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lee ◽  
Miriannie Rivera-Valerio ◽  
Hana Bangash ◽  
Larry Prokop ◽  
Iftikhar J. Kullo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Index Case ◽  
The United States ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Cascade Testing ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
The Mean

Background: The prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia is 1 in 250, but <10% of patients are diagnosed. Cascade testing enables early detection of cases through systematic family tracing. Establishment of familial hypercholesterolemia cascade testing programs in the US could be informed by approaches used elsewhere. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of published studies in the English language of cascade testing for familial hypercholesterolemia, which reported the number of index cases and number of relatives tested and specified methods of contacting relatives and testing modalities methods utilized. For each study, we calculated yield (proportion of relatives who test positive) and new cases per index case, to facilitate comparison. Results: We identified 10 studies from the literature that met inclusion criteria; the mean number of probands and relatives per study was 242 and 826, respectively. The average yield was 44.76% with a range of 30% to 60.5%, and the mean new cases per index case was 1.65 with a range of 0.22 to 8.0. New cases per index case tended to be greater in studies that used direct contact versus indirect contact (2.06 versus 0.86), tested beyond first-degree relatives versus only first-degree relatives (3.65 versus 0.80), used active sample collection versus collection at clinic (4.11 versus 1.06), and utilized genetic testing versus biochemical testing (2.47 versus 0.42). Conclusions: New case detection in familial hypercholesterolemia cascade testing programs tended to be higher with direct contact of relatives, testing beyond first-degree relatives, in-home–based sample collection, and genetic testing. These findings should be helpful for establishing cascade testing programs in the United States.

scholarly journals Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life and Costs of Managing Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Academic Pain Centres: Results from a One-Year Prospective Observational Canadian Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-E Tarride ◽  
DE Moulin ◽  
M Lynch ◽  
AJ Clark ◽  
L. Stitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: The management of chronic pain, including neuropathic pain (NeP), is a major public health issue. However, there is a paucity of data evaluating pain management strategies in real-life settings.OBJECTIVE: To inform policy makers about the economic value of managing chronic NeP in academic centres by conducting a subeconomic assessment of a Canadian multicentre cohort study aimed at determining the long-term outcomes of the management of chronic NeP in academic pain centres. Specific questions regarding the economic value of this type of program were answered by a subset of patients to provide further information to policy makers.METHODS: Baseline demographic information and several pain-related measurements were collected at baseline, three, six and 12 months in the main study. A resource use questionnaire aimed at determining NeP-related costs and the EuroQoL-5 Dimension were collected in the subset study from consenting patients. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare outcomes over time and according to responder status.RESULTS: A total of 298 patients were evaluated in the present economic evaluation. The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 53.7±14.0 years, and 56% were female. At intake, the mean duration of NeP was >5 years. Statistically significant improvements in all pain and health-related quality of life outcomes were observed between the baseline and one-year visits. Use decreased over time for many health care resources (eg, visits to the emergency room decreased by one-half), which resulted in overall cost savings.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that increased access to academic pain centres should be facilitated in Canada.

scholarly journals Identifying potential heterosis in perennial ryegrass

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. O'Connor ◽  
T.B. Lyons ◽  
M.Z.Z. Jahufer ◽  
M. Faville ◽  
B.A. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Full Sibling ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

Plant breeders aim to develop cultivars of perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L., (PRG) that better support New Zealand farmers through improved genetic potential for key traits such as seasonal dry matter yield. Hybrid vigour (heterosis) may be one way plant breeders can increase dry matter yields, and potentially lift the long term rate of genetic gain. We report evaluation of PRG full-sibling progeny for heterosis expressed under grazing. Parents were randomly sampled from sixteen cultivars, and for each cultivar combination within mid-season and late season classes, six pair crosses were made. In 2013, replicated single row trials of parent cultivar samples and progeny were sown at two sites near Palmerston North. For 2 years, prior to each grazing, growth score (GS) data were recorded to estimate dry matter yield of each plot. Progeny GS relative to parent average GS (mid-parent heterosis, MPH), and better parent GS (high-parent heterosis, HPH) were calculated on the basis of the mean GS over years and sites. Significant (P

scholarly journals Perceived Economic Value of Ecosystem Services in the US Rio Grande Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13798
Author(s):  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Jianhong E. Mu ◽  
Jadwiga R. Ziolkowska
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ecosystem Degradation ◽  
Rio Grande Basin ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Management And Conservation

In recent decades, the US Rio Grande Basin has experienced serious ecosystem degradation as a result of recurring severe droughts and a growing population. Monetary valuation of ecosystem services is essential for encouraging conservation where natural resources such as freshwater are limited. Research in this field is still very limited, and economic estimations of ecosystem services in the US Rio Grande Basin have not been undertaken extensively. This study adds to the existing contemporary literature by means of the willingness-to-pay evaluation. We found the mean household wiliness to pay of total ecosystem services across the Rio Grande Basin to amount to USD 62/year, and the average perceived economic value was estimated to be USD 26.2, USD 19.7, USD 8.1, and USD 7.1 yearly for conservation of habitat for wildlife, provision of freshwater supplies, recreational activities, and cultural heritage, respectively. The income and perceptions about the importance of various ecosystem services in the Rio Grande Basin were among the main determinants of respondents’ assessments. The findings provide an appropriate foundation for incorporating perceived economic value into watershed management and conservation.

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