Ocular Tuberculosis: Clinics, Diagnosis and Treatment (Literature Review)

The Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
O. E. Russkikh ◽  
N. Y. Nikolenko
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Suggested Classification

Ocular tuberculosis is a serious disease with a long recurrent course, often leading to a significant decrease in the visual functions and quality of life of patients as well as disability. In recent years, the incidence rate of the ocular tuberculosis in the Russian Federation has been declining: in 2016, according to a number of authors, its incidence amounted to 5.2%.Purpose. To systematize literature data on the topic of ocular tuberculosis.Materials and methods. We reviewed literature available on elibrary.ru, cyberleninka.ru websites and in “Clinical Ophthalmology” journal. Results. We suggested classification of the ocular tuberculosis lesions, analyzed modern diagnostic methods and treatment regimens and evaluated their effectiveness.Conclusions. Literature review revealed that in order to improve the quality of detection, diagnosis and treatment of ocular tuberculosis, joint efforts of ophthalmologists and phthisiologists as well as use of modern methods of tuberculinodiagnosis are essential.

Adenomyosis – its possible effect on endometrial function and receptivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Karel Crha ◽  
◽  
Michal Ješeta ◽  
Radovan Pilka ◽  
Pavel Ventruba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasound ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
New Information

Summary Objective: There have been many studies on adenomyosis, which can impair the quality of life of a woman. There are various kinds of opinions on the pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of adenomyosis. The goal of this article is to present the current knowledge of adenomyosis and its impact on the endometrial function and receptivity. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Web of Sciences and Scopus were searched for the articles in English indexed until February 2021 with terms of: adenomyosis, endometrial receptivity, and infertility. Results: Recent studies on angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the endometrium bring new information on the ethiology and pathogenesis of adenomyosis. In clinical practice, the main diagnostic methods of adenomyosis include transvaginal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging or hysteroscopy, although the definitive confirmation is set by histopathological examination. The rules of #Enzian classification of endometriosis should be applied for the classification of adenomyosis. The treatment of adenomyosis should consider individual clinical presentation and reproductive plans of a patient and should be performed in centers for the treatment of endometriosis. Conclusion: Adenomyosis affects endometrial vascularisation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymal-epithelial transition; thus, it can be the cause of irregular uterine bleeding or embryo implantation failure. The research and analysis of endometrial proteome could lead to the new ways of adenomyosis treatment.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERFERON-GAMMA IN THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 276-280
Author(s):  
S. L Plavinskiy ◽  
Pavel I. Shabalkin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Health System ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
The Russian Federation

Tuberculosis worldwide is a serious problem for the health system and for society. Despite the fact that in recent years there has been a tendency to the decline in the incidence of tuberculosis, it remains to be one of the socially significant infections in the Russian Federation. Significant difficulties in the treatment of tuberculosis include the overcoming of the drug resistance of mycobacteria to the existing therapy, as well as the available limitations of the resources of the healthcare system in the Russian Federation. In this regard, there is a need to find additional opportunities to improve the effectiveness of the treatment and clinical and economic evaluation of existing treatment regimens. Interferon-gamma is an effective preparation for the management of tuberculosis. As a result of the pharmacoeconomic analysis, the administration of interferon-gamma (Ingaron) contributed to an increase in the quality of life by 2.1 QALY, and in terms of an addition to the therapy will be accompanied by savings of the budget of the Russian Federation up to 284 million rubles, or up to 27.3% of funds for the treatment of patients from this group.

Monetization of the Ecosystem Services of the Russian Arctic and the Assesment of Investitional Risks

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
E.V. Abakumov ◽  
A.E. Lemyakina ◽  
V.O. Titov ◽  
A.E. Vashchuk ◽  
Yu.N. Guzov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Тhe problems of valuation of ecosystem services in connection with the activation of economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic zone are discussed. The types of negative impacts on the Arctic ecosystems and their assessment, investment risks existing in ecosystem services are considered. It is shown that the application of the methodology and apparatus of ecosystem services contributes to the adequate assessment and creation of a hierarchical classification of "usefulness" and "benefits" that society can get from the existence, use and nonuse of ecosystems. The concept of ecosystem services in relation to Arctic consists of three components: identification, monetization and ecological risk assessment. The example of the Arctic ecosystems shows that the susceptibility to assessment and the accuracy of the assessment can be quite different and is largely dependent on the type of service in the classification. The analysis of possible ecosystem services and their relationship with the quality of life of people in the Russian Arctic indicates significant investment risks.

scholarly journals Natural Agents that Act in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Mucositis: Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Tamires Ribeiro Avelino ◽  
Ana Carla Barletta Sanches ◽  
Tila Fortuna Costa Freire ◽  
Gabriela Botelho Martins ◽  
Juliana Borges de Lima Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
De Se ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
No Gold Standard

AbstractOral mucositis (OM) is one of the most frequent and painful problems caused by head and neck radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Because there is no gold standard therapy for this disruptive conditions management, the therapeutic approach promotes palliative action, which consists of the signs and symptoms relief, in addition to preventing further complications. The present study aims to identify the main natural agents that act in the prevention and treatment of MO, as well as to describe the pathophysiology and classification of this condition. This is a literature review of qualitative and exploratory nature through survey of scientific articles in the database SciELO, Lilacs, Medline and Pubmed. The results demonstrated that chamomile, propolis, aloe and honey have been widely used in dentistry, being pointed out in the scientific literature as promising strategies, as they present analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, besides being well tolerated by the patients and have a low cost. It can be considered that the use of these agents for the prevention and treatment of OM provides a clinical lesions improvement, with consequent advance in the quality of life of these patients. However, more studies need to be carried out in an attempt to obtain more information about the most appropriate posology and presentation form, besides evaluating the toxicity of these natural agents. Keywords: Stomatitis. Chamomile. Propolis. Aloe. Honey. ResumoA mucosite oral (MO) consiste em um dos problemas mais frequentes e dolorosos provocados pela radioterapia em região de cabeça e pescoço e/ou quimioterapia. Por não existir terapia considerada padrão ouro para o manejo desta condição perturbadora, a abordagem terapêutica promove ação paliativa, que consiste no alívio de sinais e sintomas, além de prevenir maiores complicações. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais agentes naturais que atuam na prevenção e tratamento da MO, bem como descrever a fisiopatologia e classificação desta afecção. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura de natureza qualitativa e exploratória através de levantamento de artigos científicos na base de dados SciELO, Lilacs, Medline e Pubmed. Os resultados demonstraram que a camomila, a aloe vera, a própolis e o mel têm sido amplamente utilizados na Odontologia,sendo apontados na literatura científica como estratégias de tratamento promissoras, pois apresentam efeito analgésico e antiinflamatório, além de serem bem tolerados pelos pacientes e possuirem baixo custo.Pode-se considerar que a utilização desses agentes para a prevenção e o tratamento da MO proporciona uma melhora clínica das lesões, com conseqüente melhora na qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Todavia, mais estudos precisam ser realizados na tentativa de se obter maiores informações acerca da posologia e forma de apresentação mais indicadas, além de avaliar a toxicidade desses agentes naturais. Palavras-chave: Estomatite. Camomila. Própolis. Aloe. Mel.

Mycobacteriosis of the lungs: difficulties of diagnosis and treatment (literature review)

MedAlliance ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
British Thoracic Society ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Clinical Recommendations ◽  
The World

This review presents the literature data on classification of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, prevalence, epidemio­logy, clinical picture. The analysis of the research results reveals the prevalence of mycobacteriosis in the world, the main ways of transmission. Some data of clinical recommendations of the British thoracic society (BTS) 2017 on the algorithm of examination and diagnosis of mycobacteriosis are presented. Treatment of mycobacteriosis is a difficult task, the effectiveness of therapy remains extremely low. According to the British researchers, the proportion of patients with mycobacteriosis caused by MAC, M. malmoense, M. xenopi, who received various regimens of therapy and completely completed the course of treatment with positive clinical and laboratory dynamics, as well as did not have relapses within a year after treatment, is only 28%. According to other studies involving patients with specific types of NTMB, the effectiveness of therapy ranges from 30–50% for diseases caused by M. abscessus, 50–70% for MAS and about 80–90% for M. malmoense and M. Kansasii.

Trailering accommodation requirements: analysis of specifications

Servis plus ◽  
10.12737/3895 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алексей Корнеев ◽  
Aleksey Korneev ◽  
Александр Ермаков ◽  
Aleksandr Ermakov ◽  
Даниил Черепанов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Level ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
The Core ◽  
Infrastructure Network ◽  
Methodical Basis ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article crowns the latest in a series of stages of research conducted for the purpose of creating a scientific and methodical basis for the development of amateur trailering and autoclusters as a system in the Russian Federation. For the purpose of justification of various models of autoclusters, the researchers studied the experience of the countries which have a dense trailering infrastructure network, consider the existing classification of the means of accommodation for autotourists in Europe, and propose classification-level-related lists of the core and additional services as provided by accommodation owners. The researchers studied the opinions of domestic users to identify the significance of services on campsites, and conclude that top-rated is the provision of essential / primary services (guarded parking, water supplies, shower, and toilet). The quality of service is assessed not only on the provided-unavailable basis, but also according to the service level. The researchers draw attention to the importance of harmonizing all the requirements specified as relevant for autotourist accommodation facilities in national regulatory documents and in compliance with international standards.

scholarly journals Charcot arthropathy of the foot and ankle

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
João Montechi ◽  
Weslen Barros ◽  
Alexandre Godoy-Santos ◽  
Rafael Sposeto ◽  
Rodrigo Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Charcot Arthropathy ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Charcot Neuroarthropathy ◽  
Trauma Injury ◽  
Serious Disease

To critically evaluate the current literature on the etiopathogenesis of Charcot neuroarthropathy, its diagnostic methods and therapeutic management. Methods: We searched for studies that related Charcot arthropathy with a location in the foot and ankle in the PUBMED and MEDLINE databases. Results: A total of 52 studies were used for this analysis. Conclusion: Charcot neuroarthropathy is a serious disease with significant potential to impact patient quality of life. Although its pathogenesis still raises much controversy, neuropathy seems to have a central role, leading to a trauma, injury, and inflammation cycle. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.

scholarly journals Problems of diagnosis and treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in contemporary traumatology and orthopedics (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-276
Author(s):  
D.I. Odarchenko ◽  
◽  
G.G. Dzyuba ◽  
S.A. Erofeev ◽  
N.K. Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Core Decompression ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Aseptic Necrosis ◽  
Early Stages

administration of corticosteroids or blood diseases. Early diagnosis is difficult, there is no conservative treatment protocol with proven effectiveness, and the organ-preserving surgical treatments which have been used may not always postpone hip arthroplasty. Arthroplasty provides good results in the short and long-term postoperative period, but the prevalence of this disease among young people requires developing new methods of conservative and operative treatment. Objective To determine the problems of diagnosis and treatment of aseptic necrosis of the femoral head; to study the experience of current approaches and concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of ANFH; determine the range of the most effective methods for treating this pathology; to establish the relevance of further research on this issue. Materials and methods Literature review was conducted of the sources from PubMed and Google Scholar databases. The material was selected that corresponded to the stated purpose of the research topic. For describing some aspects of the aetiology, pathogenesis and development of methods for diagnosing and treating ANFH, earlier publications (2009–2014) were also used. Results The main views on the aetiology and pathogenesis of ANFH have been studied. Classical and current diagnostic methods for ANFH were reviewed as well as current operative and conservative approaches to the treatment of this pathology. A review of the main classifications was conducted. Discussion Early detection and examination of at-risk patients plays an important role in the diagnosis of ANFH. The results of clinical trials on the use of bisphosphonates seem mixed, as the meta-analysis in five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in 2016 showed no statistically significant improvement in patients with ANFH. Hyperbaric oxygenation reduces interstitial ischemia by increasing extracellular oxygen concentration and shows encouraging results. Core decompression is recognized as the standard care in the early stages of ANFH. At present, the use of combined treatment with bisphosphonates, core-decompression and mesenchymal stem cells has been investigated. Combined therapy may be effective in slowing the progression of collapse at an early stage of ANFH, but further research is needed to have long-term results. Conclusion Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is a severe polyetiological disease that has not been sufficiently studied. For its diagnosis, it is necessary to take into account the possible risk factors and to ensure an early MRI study. At present, there is no data on a conservative method of treating the early stages of ANFH, which would have high evidence and effectiveness not only in the immediate, but also in the long-term follow-up. It is necessary to conduct additional prospective randomized clinical trials to determine the effectiveness of already known and developed methods of cell therapy in the treatment of ANFH.

INDICATORS OF THE LABOR MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THEIR DYNAMICS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Julia. A. Alekseeva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Unemployed

The author gives a classification of indicators characterizing the state of the labor market in Russia, makes an assumption about the most significant indicators, including the level of quality of life of the population, determines the dynamics of statistical data on the state of labor market indicators in Russia in general. The article considers the dynamics of workers according to various criteria, including gender charac-teristics, by level of education. The dynamics of the unemployed, including in the context of education, was analyzed.

scholarly journals Models of diagnosing finance security of industrial enterprises

2018 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
I. A. Sergeeva ◽  
S. Yu. Chunaev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Equipment Manufacturing ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article grounds the necessity to develop a logit-model capable of showing specificity of Russian economy for diagnosing finance security of industrial enterprises in the Russian Federation. As a result of the research the authors designed two specialized models and put forward a classification of finance security for small and medium business. They showed the role of ensuring finance security of industrial enterprises and gave facts, which makes it possible to diagnose the start of finance threats. The article provides the analysis of Russian industrial enterprises dealing with machine and equipment manufacturing. The designed logit-models show finance processes of home industrial enterprises, which can cause finance insolvency. Testing was done on the basis of official open accounting of 173 Russian industrial enterprises. The authors produce evidence of their use for forecasting finance standing of Russian industrial enterprises. The research was done with the help of software IBM SPSS Statistics and it made it possible to give precise and trustworthy tests of the quality of logit-models. This research can be recommended for choosing efficient managerial solutions on ensuring finance security of industrial enterprises among diversified alternative concepts.

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