scholarly journals Biliary slage as a stage of gallstone disease: the successes and difficulties of treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
O. N. Minushkin ◽  
T. B. Topchiy ◽  
E. G. Burdina ◽  
E. V. Novozhenova ◽  
Yu. E. Tugova
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Biliary Sludge ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Type V ◽  
Timely Treatment

Introduction. The high prevalence rates of biliary sludge and its frequent development into the stone stage of cholelithiasis constitute grounds for studying this issue, as the effective action on biliary sludge can prevent overall disease progression.Purpose of the study. To determine the options for diagnosis of biliary sludge in the polyclinic settings. Objectives: 1) Estimate the frequency of diagnosis of biliary sludge. 2) Assess the features and dependence of treatment on the type of biliary sludge. 3) Assess the outcome of treatment depending on the follow-up managing of patients. 4) Propose an algorithm for managing patients after biliary sludge has been diagnosed.Materials and methods. In the work used data of the clinics of the President of the Russian Federation. The total number of people surveyed for 1 year was 1.117. These patients underwent an ultrasound examination (dispensation) and 218 were fitted with biliary sludge (BS), which was 19.4%. Of the 70 patients with BS, 4 groups were formed: 1st group (20 patients) with BS type, 2nd (20 patients) – with BS type, 3rd (20 patients) – with BS type, 4th (10 patients) – with BS-type (BSS) type.All patients received Exchhol therapy at the rate of 15 mg/kg of weight; patients with a pronounced spastic component in the sphincter system – myotropic spasmolytic Sparex (20 mg x 2 times a day); patients of the 4th group (with a near-located sediment indicating the presence of inflammation) – Adisord (derived nitrofuran) 200 mg x 4 times a day (5 days).Results. The type of precipitation was cupped in 4 weeks of treatment; Type – for 8–12 weeks of treatment, type V – for 13–14 weeks.Conclusions. The presented data allow us to hope that early diagnosis of biliary sludge and the factors of its development will help start timely treatment and prevention of the disease. 

scholarly journals Problems of Organization of Radiation Diagnostics to Dispensary Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
S Yu Lomakov
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Primary Cancer ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Patient’S Perception

Currently, the Russian Federation pays unprecedented attention to the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this regard, the identification of problems at the stage of dispensary observation of patients with cancer is extremely important, and their solution will ensure the proper level of quality and availability of medical care provided to them. A sociological survey of 1230 patients under dispensary supervision of oncologists of regional oncology offices in St. Petersburg was conducted. Identified limitations to the availability of radiation diagnostic techniques for cancer patients observed in the primary cancer office under dispensary observation: the waiting time needed for patients diagnostic tests often exceed the standard (8,9% during ultrasound examination, 25,8% - computed tomography, 28,8% - ultrasound, 34,6% - magnetic resonance imaging, in some cases, patients have to pay for designated health services, all of which is guaranteed free of charge (advice of a specialist - 36,7 per 100 respondents, laboratory diagnostic tests - 35,4 per 100 respondents). When conducting diagnostics using radiation methods, patients were most often forced to pay for ultrasound (43,3 per 100 respondents). The identified problems affected patient’s perception of medical care: only 79,5% were satisfied with the organization of dispensary observation in the primary oncology office. Direct dependence of the low level of patients satisfaction with the organization of follow-up in primary cancer study on long waiting diagnostic studies, inability to get directions for the study directly from the oncologist, restrictions in its timely implementation is free, the lack of explanation from the treating oncologist on an order and conditions of granting of medical aid (p=0,05; r=0,7-1).

scholarly journals Assessment of prevalence of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma in Samara region

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
K V Blachentsev ◽  
M V Manzhos ◽  
E S Fedenko ◽  
T I Kaganova
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Region Form

Background. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and bronchial asthma (BA) among different groups of population of Samara region during 2001—2010. Methods. Material for analysis was taken from the statistic forms of municipality hospitals of Samara and the Samara region (form No. 12) during 2001—2010 in comparison with the corresponding indicators of Volga federal region (PFO) and the Russian Federation. Results. Prevalence of BAin all groups of patients in the Samara region in 2009 was revealed. These indicators were more than such indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 25%, in teenagers on 38%, in adult on 50%. Prevalence of AR among children and teenagers exceeded indicators in Russian Federation — among children on 44%, teenagers — on 68%. The incidence of asthma in adults is 2,5 times higher than the incidence of AR (95,8—30,5 per 100 thousand). Conclusion. High prevalence of AR and asthma in the Samara region with a tendency to increase, the discrepancy indices studied data from epidemiological studies that require further implementation of international recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of AR among general practitioners.

scholarly journals Problemy lecheniya patsientov s morbidnym ozhireniem

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Patient Dissatisfaction ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

The article describes evidence-based approaches to treatment of morbid obesity, including surgical interventions designated for bodyweight reduction and provides comparative analysis of efficacy and safety of lifestyle interventions, medical treatment and various types of bariatric surgery. Detailed description of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of post-surgical vitamin and mineral deficiencies is given. Special attention is paid to high prevalence of mental disorders in patients with morbid obesity, their role in its development, their influence on outcomes of surgical intervention and potential patient dissatisfaction with its results. Necessity of thorough selection of patients for bariatric surgery is emphasized, with assessment of their mental state and proper organization of subsequent life-long follow-up after operation

scholarly journals New Approaches to Studying Prevalence Gallstone Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
N. A. Khokhlacheva ◽  
T. S. Kosareva ◽  
A. P. Lukashevich
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biliary Sludge ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The aim — predicting the growth of gallstone disease based on the study of the dynamics of the incidence of the liver. Materials and methods. In clinical conditions, 98 patients (62 women and 36 men, average age 43.4 ± 3.3 years (21-60)) with various chronic liver diseases were examined. Anamnesis, clinical and laboratory data were used to verify the diagnosis. In portions “B” and “C” of bile obtained by multifractional duodenal sounding, the total concentration of bile acids, cholesterol and phospholipids was determined, and lithogenicity indices of bile were calculated: cholate-cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol coefficients. The results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and PSPP statistical processing programs. The next stage of the work was the analysis of statistical indicators of the general and primary liver morbidity in the Udmurt Republic over the past 10 years (2008-2018). The study applied statistical forecasting methods. Models were built in the Microsoft Excel 2010 program in a polynomial trend.Results. In 52 (53,1%) examined patients, ultrasound examination of the gallbladder were signs of biliary sludge. Microscopic examination of bile 71 (72,6%) patients had crystals of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate, which is evidence of stage I gallstone disease. In all patients with biliary sludge, a violation of the biochemical composition of bile was noted — a decrease in the concentration of bile acids and phospholipids, an increase in the concentration of cholesterol, a decrease in cholesterol and phospholipid-cholesterol coefficients. When studying statistical indicators over the past 10 years, a higher general and primary incidence of liver diseases in the Udmurt Republic was noted than in the Russian Federation as a whole. Based on the results of trend modeling, a significant increase in the total and primary liver morbidity is predicted both in the Udmurt Republic and in the Russian Federation.Conclusion. Summarizing the data obtained, it can be noted that over the past 10 years (from 2008 to 2018) among the adult population of Udmurt Republic, a clear tendency has been revealed for an increase in the general and primary incidence of the liver. As the results of trend forecasting showed, an increase in the incidence of the liver will continue in the coming years. With liver pathology, bile secretory function suffers, as a result of metabolic processes, bile produces supersaturated cholesterol, which is the basis for stone formation in the gall bladder. A study of the dynamics of liver disease allows predicting an increase in cholelithiasis in the coming years. Despite the fact that the asymptomatic course of cholelithiasis is often quite observed, if this disease is not diagnosed and the preventive treatment of stone formation is not carried out in a timely manner, this leads to the development of serious complications. 

Modulation of carotid strain by statin therapy in atherosclerosis patients

VASA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Alexander Schaefer ◽  
Anna Katharina Blatzheim ◽  
Sebastian Gorgonius Passon ◽  
Kristin Solveig Pausewang ◽  
Nadjib Schahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Radial Strain ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Duplex Ultrasound ◽  
Strain Imaging ◽  
The Common

Abstract. Background: The beneficial effect of statin therapy on the progress of atherosclerotic disease has been demonstrated by numerous studies. Vascular strain imaging is an arising method to evaluate arterial stiffness. Our study examined whether an influence of statin therapy on the vessel wall could be detected by vascular strain imaging. Patients and methods: 88 patients with recently detected atherosclerosis underwent an angiological examination including ankle-brachial index (ABI), pulse wave index (PWI), central puls ewave velocity and duplex ultrasound. Captures for vascular strain analysis were taken in B-mode during ultrasound examination of the common carotid artery and evaluated using a workstation equipped with a speckle tracking based software. A statin therapy was recommended and after six months a follow-up examination took place. Meanwhile, the non-adherence of a group of patients (N = 18) lead to a possibility to observe statin effects on the vascular strain. Results: In the statin non-adherent group the ABI decreased significantly to a still non-pathological level (1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2; p = 0.016) whereas it stagnated in the adherent group (1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2; p = 0.383). The PWI did not differ in the non-adherent group (180.5 ± 71.9 vs. 164.4 ± 75.8; p = 0.436) but under statin therapy it decreased significantly (261.8 ± 238.6 vs. 196.4 ± 137.4; p = 0.016). In comparison to the adherent group (4.2 ± 2.0 vs. 4.0 ± 1.8; p = 0.548) under statin therapy the radial strain decreased significantly in the non-adherent group (4.7 ± 2.0 vs. 3.3 ± 1.1; p = 0.014). Conclusions: Our findings reveal a beneficial influence of statin therapy on the arterial wall detected by vascular strain analysis.

The role of ultrasound examination in early detection and follow-up of arterio-portal shunts

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ioanitescu ◽  
L Micu ◽  
A Rampoldi ◽  
N Masala ◽  
V Marcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Ultrasound Examination

Reactive Arthritis: Modern Aspects of Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
B. S. Belov ◽  
R. M. Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Reactive Arthritis ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, the problem of reactive arthritis (ReA) retains its importance due to the fairly high prevalence of the disease, primarily in Russia. Analysis of epidemiological data allows us to put forward a number of possible reasons explaining the different frequency of ReA in certain regions of the Russian Federation and in other countries. The lecture describes the clinical picture of the disease, as well as analyzes the significance of various laboratory techniques aimed at identifying the causative agent of ReA. The Russian diagnostic criteria for ReA are presented. The main approaches to the therapy of ReA are outlined with an emphasis on the use of antimicrobial drugs. The effectiveness and safety of drug immunocorrection (inducers of interferon, polyoxidonium, immunofan, etc.) in the treatment of urogenital chlamydia in patients with ReA have not been confirmed by data from randomized controlled trials.

scholarly journals Premature STEMI in Men and Women: Current Clinical Features and Improvements in Management and Prognosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314
Author(s):  
Rebeca Lorca ◽  
Isaac Pascual ◽  
Andrea Aparicio ◽  
Alejandro Junco-Vicente ◽  
Rut Alvarez-Velasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most frequent cause of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Etiopathogenic and prognostic characteristics in young patients may differ from older patients and young women may present worse outcomes than men. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of men and women with premature STEMI. Methods: A total 1404 consecutive patients were referred to our institution for emergency cardiac catheterization due to STEMI suspicion (1 January 2014–31 December 2018). Patients with confirmed premature (<55 years old in men and <60 in women) STEMI (366 patients, 83% men and 17% women) were included (359 atherothrombotic and 7 spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)). Results: Premature STEMI patients had a high prevalence of classical cardiovascular risk factors. Mean follow-up was 4.1 years (±1.75 SD). Mortality rates, re-hospitalization, and hospital stay showed no significant differences between sexes. More than 10% of women with premature STEMI suffered SCAD. There were no significant differences between sexes, neither among cholesterol levels nor in hypolipemiant therapy. The global survival rates were similar to that expected in the general population of the same sex and age in our region with a significantly higher excess of mortality at 6 years among men compared with the general population. Conclusion: Our results showed a high incidence of cardiovascular risk factors, a high prevalence of SCAD among young women, and a generally good prognosis after standardized treatment. During follow-up, 23% suffered a major cardiovascular event (MACE), without significant differences between sexes and observed survival at 1, 3, and 6 years of follow-up was 96.57% (95% CI 94.04–98.04), 95.64% (95% CI 92.87–97.35), and 94.5% (95% CI 91.12–97.66). An extra effort to prevent/delay STEMI should be invested focusing on smoking avoidance and optimal hypolipemiant treatment both in primary and secondary prevention.

scholarly journals UNESCO-Russia Mendeleev International Prize in the Basic Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-29
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

Abstract As a follow-up to the 2019 International Year of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements (IYPT2019), the Government of the Russian Federation proposed to establish and fund the joint UNESCO/Russian Federation International Prize for the Basic Sciences in the name of the Russian chemist Dmitry Mendeleev. The initiative is to provide further support to the UNESCO’s International Basic Sciences Programme (IBSP).

scholarly journals Symptom Burden of Patients with Advanced Pancreas Cancer (APC): A Provincial Cancer Institute Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 2789-2800
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lelond ◽  
Julie Ward ◽  
Pascal J. Lambert ◽  
Christina A. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Advanced Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Distress Score ◽  
Ambulatory Oncology ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Report Symptom

Patients with advanced pancreatic cancer (APC) experience many disease-related symptoms. ESAS-r measures the severity of 9 symptom domains and has been validated for use in the ambulatory oncology setting. We aimed to describe symptom burden at baseline for patients with APC treated with modern chemotherapy (CT), and to determine whether symptom burden at baseline is prognostic. Patients diagnosed with APC between 2012–2016, treated with ≥1 cycle of CT, who completed ≥1 ESAS-r were identified. Descriptive statistics were used to report symptom burden and common moderate-to-severe symptoms. A joint model was used to describe the trajectory of ESAS-r during follow-up while controlling for death. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors of death. Of 123 patients identified, the median age was 65 and 61% had metastatic disease. The median baseline ESAS-r total symptom distress score (TSDS) was 24. A total of 86% of patients had at least one symptom score of ≥4 at baseline, with the most common being: fatigue, nausea, anxiety, and shortness of breath. Median overall survival was 10.2 months. Baseline TSDS was not predictive for worse survival in the era of modern CT. Patients with APC have a high burden of cancer-associated symptoms and a high prevalence of moderate-to-severe symptoms. Early intervention has the potential to improve quality of life in this group of patients and should be investigated.

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