scholarly journals Alpacas in Poland: health, welfare, and anti-parasitic prophylaxis

2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (01) ◽  
pp. 6614-2022
Author(s):  
JOANNA KAPUSTKA ◽  
ALEKSANDRA GARBIEC
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Welfare Level ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Typical Behaviour

Alpacas’ population in Poland has attained 5000 individuals. From 2020 alpacas are recognized as farm animals in Poland. This ruminant is increasingly popular, but still poorly known compared to other farm animals (cattle, sheep, goats). The aim of this review is to present the specificity of alpacas in terms of adequate welfare of these animals. To provide an appropriate welfare level, the knowledge about the species’ biology and typical behaviour is needed. The basis for assessment of the animal's health status is the knowledge of basic physiological indicators, whose divergence from reference values is often the first symptom of many diseases. The health and welfare of virtually all animal species are influenced by infestations by endo- and exoparasites, which can cause many disorders and serious diseases. The growing alpaca population size necessitates investigation of this species, which will help future and current owners to breed these animals and prompt veterinarians to apply appropriate treatment of alpacas bred in Poland.

Registration of animal rabies in Krasnodar region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oleg Yu. Chernykh ◽  
◽  
Vadim A. Bobrov ◽  
Sergey N. Zabashta ◽  
Roman A. Krivonos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Reporting Data

Rabies remains a constant threat to humanity in many parts of the world. At the same time, scientifically grounded antiepizootic measures should be based on the peculiarities of the regional epizootology of this zooanthroponosis. The authors studied the epizootological and statistical reporting data of the Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory, presented an analysis of the registration of rabies in animals in Krasnodar region. From the obtained data, it should be noted that despite the wide range of animals involved in the epizootic process of rabies infection in Krasnodar region, dogs, cats and foxes play a major role in the reservation and spread of infection, which account for 78.6. Of the total number of registered cases, 15.5% falls on foxes, that indicates the natural focus of the disease, along with the manifestation of the disease in an urban form. At the same time, stray and neglected dogs and cats, which occupy a significant place among the total number of sick animals, are also sources and spread of the infection. Thus farm animals (8.3% of the total number of infected animals) are a biological dead end for the infection. Isolated cases of the disease were noted in muskrat, donkey, raccoon, raccoon dog, marten, ferret and jackal. The authors also established the specific morbidity of various animal species with rabies infection, that is an important aspect in the development and implementation of antiepizootic measures complex

Chromosomal instability in different species of agricultural animals (review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
V. A. Andreeva
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Chromosomal Disorders ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Karyotypic Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Almost All

The purpose of the work was to analyze the frequency of chromosomal instability in different species of agricultural animals in Western Siberia on the basis of literature data. The analysis of the literature on the topic of somatic chromosomal instability in agricultural animals has been carried out. Despite the stability of the chromosome set, deviations from it are quite common. It is noteworthy that chromosomal instability is characteristic of almost all individuals in the population and serves as an important indicator for assessing the natural mutability of chromosomes. It has been found if an aberration appeared in one tissue, it is very likely to occur in others. It has been noted that somatic chromosomal instability occurs in animals with reduced reproductive function, as well as those suffering from any pathology. For example, in calves with parakeratosis the increase in the frequency of chromatid and isochromatid breaks has been found. Analysis of the frequency of aberrations in sires, which differ in the level of perinatal mortality of offspring revealed the increased percentage of offspring mortality in fathers with the large number of chromosomal disorders. Therefore, low fertilization, spontaneous abortions and stillbirths may be indications for karyotypic analysis. It has been revealed that the lability of the karyotype is inherent in all animal species, regardless of the species, sex and age, as well as the morphofunctional state. The data on some types of somatic chromosomal instability in different types of farm animals in Western Siberia has been presented. Such indicators as the frequency of polyploidy, the number of cells with fragments of chromosomes, as well as single and paired fragments of chromosomes has been given. Different types of chromosomal instability varied depending on the animal species and climate zone. The presented data can be accepted as a physiological norm and used in veterinary medicine and animal science.

Circadian clock precision, health, and longevity

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
D. G. Gubin ◽  
◽  
S. N. Kolomeichuk ◽  
D. Weinert ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Phenotypic Trait ◽  
Precision Health ◽  
Lower Morbidity

An accurate circadian clock, associated with the precise intrinsic period, tau, can be linked with a definite chronotype and health status. Exemplified by different animal species, and, as we argue herein, may as well be in humans, endogenous tau close enough to 24 hours is associated with higher life expectancy, lower morbidity, and is possibly adhered to moderate morning chronotype. Accurate circadian tau facilitates maintaining a high amplitude of circadian rhythms, a phenotypic trait that is related to health and longevity. Some genetic factors that coordinate tau and ensure circadian clock precision is considered.

scholarly journals Relevance of animal infections in SARS-Cov-2 spread: an update after 1 year of pandemic.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frazzini Sara ◽  
Amadori Massimo ◽  
Lauretta Turin ◽  
Federica Riva
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Therapy Studies

In December 2019, several cases of pneumonia caused by a novel Coronavirus, later identified as SARS-CoV-2, were detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan. Due to its rapid, worldwide spread, on 11 March 2020 the World Health Organization declared a pandemic state. Since this new virus is genetically similar to the coronaviruses of bats, it was thought to have a zoonotic origin. Within a year of the appearance of SARS-CoV-2, several cases of infection were also reported in animals, suggesting animal-to-human and animal-to-animal transmission within mammals. Natural infection has been found in both companion and captive animals such as lions, tigers and gorillas. Among farm animals, the only ones found to be susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection so far are minks. Experimental infections have documented the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 of several animal species, such as humanized mice, hamsters, cats, dogs, ferrets, racoon dogs, cattle and non-human primates. Experimental infections are crucial for both elucidation of the role of animals in transmission and development of appropriate animal models for pathogenesis and therapy studies. This review aims to update the knowledge on natural and experimental SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals.

Qualitative behaviour assessment as an indicator of animal emotional welfare in farm assurance

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Richard Cooper ◽  
Françoise Wemelsfelder
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Qualitative Behaviour ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Sentient Beings

Acknowledgement of animals as sentient beings (including farm animal species), capable of experiencing positive and negative emotions, has highlighted the need for suitable ‘welfare outcome’ measures in farm assurance schemes. Current schemes tend to focus on measures of physical health and productivity, but there is as yet a lack of indicators addressing farmed animals' emotional wellbeing. A number of assessment techniques exist that may help us develop such indicators, and better understand the extent to which farm animals do, or do not, experience ‘a good life’. This article focuses on one such technique, ‘qualitative behaviour assessment’ (QBA), and reviews the potential benefits of, and challenges to, its practical deployment in the field.

scholarly journals Evaluation of HBV-Like Circulation in Wild and Farm Animals from Brazil and Uruguay

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2679
Author(s):  
Yasmine R. Vieira ◽  
Moyra M. Portilho ◽  
Flávia F. Oliveira ◽  
Alexandro Guterres ◽  
Débora Regina L dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Qualitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Health Response ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Partial Genome

The origin of the hepatitis B virus is a subject of wide deliberation among researchers. As a result, increasing academic interest has focused on the spread of the virus in different animal species. However, the sources of viral infection for many of these animals are unknown since transmission may occur from animal to animal, human to human, animal to human, and human to animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepadnavirus circulation in wild and farm animals (including animals raised under wild or free conditions) from different sites in Brazil and Uruguay using serological and molecular tools. A total of 487 domestic wild and farm animals were screened for hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers and tested via quantitative and qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect viral DNA. We report evidence of HBsAg (surface antigen of HBV) and total anti-HBc (HBV core antigen) markers as well as low-copy hepadnavirus DNA among domestic and wild animals. According to our results, which were confirmed by partial genome sequencing, as the proximity between humans and animals increases, the potential for pathogen dispersal also increases. A wider knowledge and understanding of reverse zoonoses should be sought for an effective One Health response.

THE BIOLOGICAL STATUS OF CHILDREN LIVING IN DISADVANTAGED REGIONS OF HUNGARY

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva B. Bodzsar ◽  
Annamaria Zsakai ◽  
Katinka Utczas ◽  
C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
National Reference ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Public Welfare Policy

SummaryThe aim of this study was to find out whether differences exist in the physical development, nutritional status and psychosomatic status of children living in deprived regions of Hungary compared with the Hungarian national reference values. The Hungarian government’s decree No. 24/2003 created a complex indicator of social and economic conditions by which the country’s regions were graded into deprived and non-deprived regions. This study examined 3128 children (aged 3–18 years) living in the deprived regions and their biological status was compared with the national reference values (2nd Hungarian National Growth Study). Children’s body development was assessed via some absolute body dimensions. Nutritional status was estimated by BMI with children being divided into ‘underweight’, ‘normal’, ‘overweight’ and ‘obese’ categories. For children aged 7–18 years a standard symptoms list was used to characterize psychosomatic status. The subjects were asked to rate their health status as excellent, good, fair or poor. The body development of children living in these deprived regions was significantly retarded compared with the national references in the age groups 7–9 years and 14–17 years for boys and in the age groups 4–6 and 14–17 for girls. The prevalence of underweight was significantly higher in children and adolescents living in deprived regions (boys: 4.8%; girls: 5.9%) than the national references (boys: 2.9%; girls: 4.0%), while the prevalence of overweight and obese children did not differ between deprived regions (boys: 20.2%; girls: 19.8%) and the national references (boys: 21.5%; girls: 19.1%). Children and adolescents living in the deprived regions rated their health status worse, and experienced more psychosomatic complaints (abdominal discomfort and fear), than the national references. Although the majority of body dimensions of children in deprived regions were close to the 50th centile of the Hungarian national references, a sizeable minority (31%) were 0.20SD or more away from the median value, which has implications as to how social, medical and public welfare policy can be shaped.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Survey of the Litter Bacterial Communities in Commercial Turkey Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Adhikari ◽  
Guillermo Tellez-Isaias ◽  
Tieshan Jiang ◽  
Brian Wooming ◽  
Young Min Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Gene Profiling ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Commercial Turkey

The importance of microbiota in the health and diseases of farm animals has been well-documented for diverse animal species. However, studies on microbiotas in turkey and turkey farms are relatively limited as compared to other farm animal species. In this study, we performed a comprehensive survey of the litter microbiotas in 5 commercial turkey farms in the Northwest Arkansas (H, M, V, K, and R farms) including one farm with positive incidence of cellulitis (R farm). Altogether 246 boot swabs were used for 16S rRNA gene profiling of bacterial communities. At phylum level, 11 major bacterial phyla (≥0.01%) were recovered. At genus level, 13 major bacterial genera were found whose relative abundance were ≥2%. The microbial composition at both phylum and genus levels as well as their diversities varied across different farms, which were further affected by different flocks within the same farms and the ages of turkeys. Generally, the Firmicutes were higher in the flocks of younger birds, while the Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were higher in the flocks of the older birds. The Proteobacteria were highly enriched (47.97%) in K farm housing 56-day-old turkeys (K-56), but Bacteroidetes were found the highest in the flock C of M farm housing 63-day-old turkeys (M-C-63; 22.38%), followed by K-84 group (17.26%). Four core bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Brevibacterium, Brachybacterium, and Lactobacillus) were identified in all samples except for those from R farm. In contrast, 24 core bacterial genera were found based in all cellulitis-associated samples (R farm), including Corynebacterium, an unknown genus of family Bacillaceae, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 (>97% similarity with C. septicum), and Ignatzschineria among others, suggesting their possible roles in etiopathogenesis of cellulitis in turkeys. Overall results of this study may provide valuable foundation for future studies focusing on the role of microbiota in the health and diseases of turkeys.

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