scholarly journals Human Capital: Diagnostics and Development Direction

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Natalya Gryaznova ◽  
Nataliya Pleshkova ◽  
Galina A Podzorova ◽  
Anna Muhacheva ◽  
Galina Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Current System ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
Development Factor ◽  
Mechanical Repair ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
Level Of Motivation ◽  
The Cost

Human capital is the most important development factor of an innovative economy. Managers at all levels are beginning to recognize the importance of human qualities and skills, as well as the need for their development. The present research diagnozed the state of human capital of the Kemerovo Experimental Mechanical Repair Plant. The paper outlines the theoretical and methodological foundations of human capital, introduces some prospects for its development, analyzes staffing and HR processes, assesses the current system of motivation and remuneration, measures the cost of the human capital, and evaluates all its elements, namely education, culture, and health. A sociological questionnaire made it possible to assess the satisfaction from labor conditions and management, as well as the level of motivation. The authors offer some improvement measures for the development of the human capital within the enterprise in question.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

The financial consequences of human capital disclosure as part of integrated reporting

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Salvi ◽  
Nicola Raimo ◽  
Felice Petruzzella ◽  
Filippo Vitolla
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Cost Of Capital ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Firm Risk ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Consequences ◽  
The Cost

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the financial consequences of the level of human capital (HC) information disclosed by firms through integrated reports. Specifically, this work examines the effect of HC information on the cost of capital and firm value.Design/methodology/approachA manual content analysis is used to measure the level of HC information contained in integrated reports. A fixed-effects regression model is used to analyse 375 observations (a balanced panel of 125 firms for the period 2017–2019) and test the financial consequences of HC disclosure.FindingsThe empirical outcomes indicate that HC disclosure has a significant and negative effect on the cost of capital and a positive impact on firm value. Our results show that companies can reduce investors' perceived firm risk by improving HC disclosure, leading to a lower cost of capital. Moreover, our findings support the notion that increased levels of HC disclosure are linked to firms' improved access to external financial resources, consequently enhancing firm value.Originality/valueThis study is the first contribution to examine the financial consequences of HC disclosure and is one of the first to examine the level of HC information within integrated reports.

scholarly journals Gender and Age as Determinants of Expected Rate of Return on Human Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kurek ◽  
◽  
Ireneusz Górowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Salary Expectations ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: The aim of the article is to examine the selected determinants of the expected rate of return on human capital. Methodology: We conducted an anonymous survey of expected salaries among the Accounting and Controlling students at the Cracow University of Economics, which provided a unique setting for the analysis. On the basis of collected data for the cost of living and the cost of professional education for every participant, we used the human capital model developed by Dobija to compute the perceived level of the human capital of each individual. Then, we compared the expected salaries with the perceived levels of human capital and computed expected rates of return on human capital. The following research methods are used: literature review, statistical tests, econometric modeling. Findings: On the sample of 754 respondents, we found that male students expect a higher rate of return on their human capital than female students, while older students expect a lower rate of return on human capital than younger students. Research limitations: Only one field of study was used to measure the determinants of the expected rate of return on human capital. Originality: We contribute to the salary expectations and human capital literature by identifying a significant gender salary expectations gap that holds even after considering individually assessed costs of living and professional education. Our findings are consistent with the well-known observation that women tend to expect lower salaries than men.

scholarly journals The impact of human capital on innovative development of the region

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-167
Author(s):  
M. V. Dorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Analytical Assessment ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Education Culture ◽  
The Impact

The article provides an analytical assessment of the impact of human capital on the pace of economic development of the state. Human capital acts as a key production and social factor in the development of the economy. The main factors contributing to the development of human capital are identified: health care and education, culture and sports, social security.

scholarly journals The Cost of Job Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1757-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Burdett ◽  
Carlos Carrillo-Tudela ◽  
Melvyn Coles
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Wage Formation ◽  
Optimal Contracting ◽  
The Cost ◽  
German Data

Abstract This article identifies an equilibrium theory of wage formation and endogenous quit turnover in a labour market with on-the-job search, where risk averse workers accumulate human capital through learning-by-doing and lose skills while unemployed. Optimal contracting implies the wage paid increases with experience and tenure. Indirect inference using German data determines the deep parameters of the model. The estimated model not only reproduces the large and persistent fall in wages and earnings following job loss, a new structural decomposition finds foregone human capital accumulation (while unemployed) is the worker’s major cost of job loss.

Human Capital and the Case for Undergraduate Social Work Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-128
Author(s):  
Mary R. Weeden ◽  
Frederick W. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Work Education ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Work Education

Higher education, from an economic perspective, functions as an investment in human capital. It requires time, effort, and money by the student as an investment with the resulting benefits of acquiring skills, knowledge, and values that promise a stream of future tangible and intangible benefits by earning a living in a chosen field or profession. Education viewed through this lens assists educators to articulate the case for their academic programs to stakeholders, including prospective students and their parents, university administrators, government regulators, benefactors, alumni, and the general public. This perspective has previously not been discussed in the social work education literature and provides new insights into several issues affecting social work education. These include the cost of higher education, the multidimensional benefits of education for the student and society at large, the role of the Council on Social Work Education, and the current challenges to the profession.

MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN TERMS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Галина Тугускина ◽  
Galina Tuguskina
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Development And Management

In article the role of the human capital in innovative development of economy is considered. Indicators of innovative development on the example of the Penza region are analyzed. The structure and level of investments into the main components of the human capital are considered. The conclusion that the development and management of the human capital directed on the solution of a problem, actual for Russia connected with transition to formation of innovative economy demands systematic investments is drawn.

scholarly journals Commission 31: Time

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (T26A) ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
Demetrios Matsakis ◽  
Pascale Defraigne ◽  
M. Hosokawa ◽  
S. Leschiutta ◽  
G. Petit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Network Time ◽  
Network Time Protocol ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Considerable Discussion

The most intensely discussed and controversial issue in time keeping has been the proposal before the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) to redefine Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) so as to replace leap seconds by leap hours. Should this proposal be adopted, the practice of inserting leap seconds would cease after a specific date. Should the Earth's rotation continue to de-accelerate at its historical rate, the next discontinuity in UTC would be an hour inserted several centuries from now. Advocates of this proposal cite the need to synchronize satellite and other systems, such as GPS, Galileo, and GLONASS, which did not exist and were not envisioned when the current system was adopted. They note that leap second insertions can be and have been incorrectly implemented or accounted for. Such errors have to date had localized impact, but they could cause serious mishaps involving loss of life. For example, some GPS receivers have been known to fail simply because there was no leap second after a long enough interval, other GPS receivers failed because the leap second information was broadcast more than three months in advance, and some commercial software used for internet time-transfer Network Time Protocol (NTP) could either discard all data received after a leap second or interpret it as a frequency change. The ambiguity associated with the extra second could also disrupt financial accounting and certain forms of encryption. Those opposed to the proposal question the need for a change, and also point out the costs of adjusting to the proposed change and its inconvenience to amateur astronomers and others who rely upon astronomical calculations published in advance. Reports have been circulated that the cost of checking and correcting software to accommodate the new definition of UTC would be many millions of dollars for some systems. In October 2005 American Astronomical Society asked the ITU for a year's time to study the issue. This commission has supported the efforts of the IAU's Committee on the Leap Second to make an informed recommendation, and anticipates considerable discussion at the IAU's 26th General Assembly in 2006.

scholarly journals For Safety and Security Reasons: The Cost of Component-Isolation in IoT

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Alexander Zuepke ◽  
Kai Beckmann ◽  
Andreas Zoor ◽  
Reinhold Kroeger
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Open Networks ◽  
Intelligent Sensors ◽  
Attack Surface ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Data Distribution Service ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The current development trend of Internet of Things (IoT) aims for a tighter integration of mobile and stationary devices via various networks. This includes communication of vehicles to roadside infrastructure (V2I), as well as intelligent sensors / actors in Logistics and smart home environments. Compared to isolated traditional embedded systems, the exposure to open networks increases the attack surface, and errors in the networking components could compromise the safety and security of the embedded application or the whole network. But often current system architectures for mass-market IoT devices lack the required isolation concepts. Using a partitioning microkernel and enforcing the use of a microcontroller’s memory protection unit (MPU) facilities, we compare different isolation concepts for a publish/subscribe middleware implementing OMG’s Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard and we evaluate our results on an STM32F4 microcontroller. The results of this case study show moderate costs for increased memory usage and additional context switches.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF INNOVATIVE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Elena Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Current System ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Innovative Economy ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The article emphasizes that Ukrainian government must choose the way of widespread innovation and building a competitive state. Increasing the competitiveness of Ukraine is possible only providing the establishing of innovative development mechanisms and technological improvement of the national economy. The main obstacles of Ukraine's transition to an innovative model of development have been identified. Innovation processes in the economy have not gained significant scale, the number of enterprises implementing innovations is decreasing every year and today is 12-14 %, which is 3-4 times less than in innovative economies countries. It is concluded that the intensive development of innovation in modern conditions provides a basis for sustainable economic growth, which provides an opportunity to argue about the innovative type of economic development in contrast to the stagnant, evolutionary, extensive. The course for innovative development in Ukraine determines the transition of the economy to a new qualitative state. It is proved that in the current crisis situation in Ukraine, there is a problem to develop a model of sustainable economic growth, the solution of which will be the basis for a qualitatively new type of economic development. The qualitative characteristic of innovative economy and principles of its full-fledged effective functioning are resulted. The current system and level of financing of innovation activity in Ukraine, which requires both qualitative and quantitative changes, introduction of state and non-state financial methods aimed at intensification of innovation activity are analyzed. The necessity of transition to the innovative economy has been substantiated, which will give an opportunity not only to bring Ukraine's economy out of crisis, but also to accelerate economic growth, which will ensure further stable socio-economic development of society. A conceptual model of innovative economic development is proposed. The role of State innovation policy in Ukraine is defined, which would ensure the creation of socio-economic, organizational and legal conditions for the effective reproduction, development and use of the scientific and technical potential of the country.

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