scholarly journals Informal Academic Entrepreneurship: Current State and Development Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
Igor YURASOV ◽  
Maria Tanina ◽  
Vera Yudina ◽  
Elena Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Academic Capitalism ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Academic Labor ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Sociological Discourse

The concept of academic capitalism appeared in the international sociological discourse in the 1990s. However, Russian academic capitalism has taken unconventional forms as it develops in the shadow informal environment of the academic labor market. It covers a wide range of academic activities, e.g. tutorship, extra classes, ghost-writing of essays, theses and graduation papers, etc. Quite often, federal universities and research centers order grant reports, state assignments papers, and manuscripts for top peer-reviewed journals from provincial academics. The Russian market of shadow academic entrepreneurship is closed, secretive, tough, and highly competitive. The COVID-19 pandemic gave it a new rise: it increased three times in 2020–2021. New forms of digital employment and shadow academic capitalism lead to new social trends, e.g. new priorities appear in the subject of scientific research as academic institutions lose their profile in favor of their shadow academic employers. New flexible informal academic structures demonstrate faceted over-connectivity, non-market mechanisms of academic competition, and new forms of digital and traditional academic exploitation. Other trends include shadow branding of universities, proletarization and feudalization of academic labor, conflict of interests in science and education, formation of demand for low-quality higher education, monopolization in the academic market, etc. As a result, the academic community in Russia is transforming into a closed estate with its digital academic elite, middle class of academic entrepreneurs, and digital academic proletarians.

scholarly journals Doctoral Students’ Experiences of Feeling (or not) Like an Academic

10.28945/3727 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 073-090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esma Emmioglu Sarikaya ◽  
Lynn McAlpine ◽  
Cheryl Amundsen
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Academic Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Doctoral Work ◽  
The Uk

Aim/Purpose: This paper examined the balance and meaning of two types of experiences in the day-to-day activity of doctoral students that draw them into academia and that move them away from academia: ‘feeling like an academic and belonging to an academic community;’ and ‘not feeling like an academic and feeling excluded from an academic community.’ Background: As students navigate doctoral work, they are learning what is entailed in being an academic by engaging with their peers and more experienced academics within their community. They are also personally and directly experiencing the rewards as well as the challenges related to doing academic work. Methodology : This study used a qualitative methodology; and daily activity logs as a data collection method. The data was collected from 57 PhD students in the social sciences and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields at two universities in the UK and two in Canada. Contribution: The current study moves beyond the earlier studies by elaborating on how academic activities contribute/hinder doctoral students’ sense of being an academic. Findings: The participants of the study generally focused on disciplinary/scholarly rather than institutional/service aspects of academic work, aside from teaching, and regarded a wide range of activities as having more positive than negative meanings. The findings related to both extrinsic and intrinsic factors that play important roles in students’ experiences of feeling (or not) like academics are elaborated in the study. Recommendations for Practitioners: Supervisors should encourage their students to develop their own support networks and to participate in a wide range of academic activities as much as possible. Supervisors should encourage students to self-assess and to state the activities they feel they need to develop proficiency in. Future Research: More research is needed to examine the role of teaching in doctoral students’ lives and to examine the cross cultural and cross disciplinary differences in doctoral students’ experiences.

scholarly journals Preface. The XIV International Research and Practice Conference “Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering” (USME 2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 00001
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Pivnyak ◽  
Volodymyr Bondarenko ◽  
Iryna Kovalevska ◽  
Roman Lysenko ◽  
Olha Malova
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mining Engineering ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Labor Safety ◽  
Important Means ◽  
New Generation

The XIV International Research and Practice Conference “Ukrainian School of Mining Engineering” once again has made an important contribution to the mining industry, science and education. In the course of the conference, a wide range of problems was discussed: theoretical aspects of mining; domestic and foreign experience; personnel training in modern realities; problems of mineral deposits development; fundamental concepts of labor safety, etc. Fruitful dialogue and exchange of experience among conference participants contribute to the generation of new ideas, discoveries, technologies that will find their application in the nearest future. The formation of a new generation of scientists and engineers is taking place today, and therefore this representative conference is an important means of creating a new intellectual environment. The conference promotes the establishment of effective contacts between representatives of different scientific schools and directions, and the acquisition of invaluable experience and practice by researchers.

Demand for cosmetology procedures in accordance with psychological aspects of personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Екатерина Задионченко ◽  
Ekaterina Zadionchenko ◽  
Полина Казакова ◽  
Polina Kazakova
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Anonymous Questionnaire ◽  
Psychological Behavior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
High Motivation

An increased number of cosmetic institutes and cosmetologists as well as a wide range of service in this field is explained by natural physiological processes in our body, whichsteadily lead to decline of its functions, i.e. aging. Fashion for bright, young and successful look makes a great contribution to psychological behavior of a modern woman making her conform to social trends. The presence of various skin diseasesresulting from pathological aspects, disruption of hormonal status, bad ecology, and stress entails early appearance of aesthetic drawbacks that makes a person call upon specialists of aesthetic and cosmetology fields, or even dermatologists, in some severe cases. We were interested people of what age and with what problems address cosmetologists. The object of our research was men and women older than 18, dissatisfied with their appearance or having some skin problems. We did not take into account people who visit cosmetologists on instructions of their parents (average age of such patients is 12±1,8 years old). Anonymous questionnaire was held among 163 people, among whom there were 37 men (average age is 28±1,9 years old) and 125 women (average age is 33±1,7 years old). All the respondents were asked to answer the questions of a prepared questionnaire (pic.1; pic.2): about multiplicity of visits to a cosmetologist, about the reasons of visiting a cosmetologist, types of cosmetology service, and to evaluate (subjectively) the efficiency of mass-market cosmetics and professional cosmetics, and to point out the qualities that a cosmetologist should possess. By analyzing the obtained data we learnt that men (75,3%) almost do not visit a cosmetologist, but women vice versa visit a cosmetologists on a regular basis (70,9%). However, 22,1% of women carry out procedures more often than 1-2 times a month, and the others (6,6%) – 1-2 times a week. It happened that the most popular procedure is depilation (34,4%). A facial (21,6%) and massage (21,6%) are less in demand.It was revealed that women almost equally use mass-market cosmetics and professional cosmetics while men (85%) do not differentiate between these them and do not use any of them. According to a subjective evaluation, in 46,4% of the cases the use of professional cosmetics was more popular than cosmetics made of simple home ingredients that was bought in ordinary shops. 93,1% of respondents pointed out that the most important quality of a cosmetologist is medical education. Despite high motivation of women to visit a cosmetologist, according to the questionnaire, high prices of procedures limits the quantity of visits, 34,2% of respondents told this.

Collectivity and Crisis in the Long Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-489
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Collaborative Authorship ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Academic Labor ◽  
Emancipatory Politics ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Research Collective

Abstract In this essay the Warwick Research Collective (WReC) addresses the question of “what is and isn’t changing” in literary studies by reflecting on the material conditions that structure its disciplinary workscape. The essay notes that the pressures of a specifically academic form of capitalism, responding to and flourishing in a period of institutional crisis, tend to replicate top-down, marketized models of academic entrepreneurship in the ways we read. Departing from more widely favored models of “collaboration” and “interdisciplinarity” as solutions to this problem, the essay reflects instead on the history and potential of the collective as a form of self-organized, nonhierarchical knowledge production. It argues that the interlinked crises of how to read in world-literary terms, and on what scale, unavoidably index more general crises of the humanities and of academic labor when considered against the backdrop of an unstable neoliberal hegemony, particularly that of the mass automatization and shedding of labor. The essay concludes by considering political and literary examples of collaborative authorship before addressing the question of WReC’s own process, a form of joint working-through that the collective regards as fundamental to any emancipatory politics.

Taranis and beyond: inspiring aerodynamic capability

2014 ◽  
Vol 118 (1206) ◽  
pp. 845-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Design Development ◽  
International Partnership ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk

Abstract In his 1916 book, Aircraft in Warfare, the Dawn of the Fourth Arm, F.W. Lanchester wrote: “The supremacy of British aircraft can only be maintained by the adoption of a thoroughly progressive constructional policy, guided constantly by the most recent scientific discovery and research, and by utilising to the full information and experience gained in the Services.” The recent successful flight trials of the Taranis low-observable unmanned demonstrator aircraft provide the latest evidence of the UK’s continued capacity for the entire design, development, manufacture, and flight testing of world-leading combat aircraft, particularly with regard to Aerodynamics. Taranis is both the culmination of many years’ research and development in the UK and a starting-point for the next generation of UK combat air systems. In this lecture, Taranis is reviewed, in such detail as current sensitivities will allow, in the wider context of UK combat aircraft aerodynamic capability, exemplified by the leading roles taken by the UK in the Tornado and Typhoon programmes and the important contribution made to the development of the F-35 Lightning II Joint Strike Fighter. The immediate technical challenges associated with the aerodynamic design and qualification of a low-observable air vehicle are considerable. In this instance they have been compounded by the balanced view taken within the project of trade-offs against many parameters. However, the UK aerodynamics community faces equally stringent challenges in terms of the identification and delivery of the most appropriate future systems; increasingly complex and demanding operational and functional requirements; and, perhaps most of all, maintaining an affordable and cost-effective capability in the face of strict budgetary pressures and austere economic conditions. Nevertheless, those challenges are accompanied by a wide range of opportunities, namely for national and international partnership; radically innovative engineering solutions and approaches; new thinking; and the engagement of the best minds and ideas in the UK academic community. Taranis represented a big integration task, requiring a particular set of skills to pull together the total package, resting on a bedrock of mastery of the technical issues. It has been an inspirational experience for those of us who have worked on it. It has demonstrated that the UK is capable of achieving the most demanding current and anticipated military aerodynamic requirements and has signposted the way to an exciting and nationally important future.

scholarly journals The “Second Academic Revolution”: Interpretations of Academic Entrepreneurship

1969 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Peijun Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Academic Capitalism ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Triple Helix Model ◽  
Mode 2 ◽  
Dependence Theory

The number and scope of faculty and institutions involved in academic entrepreneurship continues to expand, and this has significant implications for universities, involving potentially wonderful opportunities but also dire risks. This paper looks beyond academic capitalism, a theory that currently dominates the study of higher education, by introducing several other theoretical frameworks for interpretation of academic entrepreneurship: resource dependence theory, the Triple Helix model, and Mode 2 knowledge production. Acknowledging the fact that academic capitalism significantly furthers our understanding of academic entrepreneurship, I argue that these other conceptual propositions are constructive in enlightening perspectives on the various aspects of academic entrepreneurship, although as of yet no single work completely explains all facets of this complicated issue.  

scholarly journals Keeping Keeping New Zealand in the World Values Survey, 1985-2019:

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Paul Perry ◽  
Polly Yeung
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
World Values Survey ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

A brief review of the World Values Survey (WVS) is presented. Seven waves of the survey have occurred since the 1980’s, in between 50 and 80 different countries, using a common questionnaire of several hundred items covering a wide range of social and political views.  The WVS in New Zealand is then described, having completed six waves between 1985 and the latest survey in 2019. New Zealand social researchers are urged to make use of the WVS data, which is freely available on the WVS website, for all waves. WVS data can be used for cross-national comparisons, examining issues within New Zealand and to consider changes in social views over time.  Examples of some the most evident social trends over time in New Zealand are presented.  These include increasing environmental concern, social tolerance, support for gender equality, and increasing value placed on the Treaty of Waitangi. Declines can be seen in religiosity, active participation in some types of voluntary organisations, a willingness to fight for the country and the use of traditional media as a source of news. Several illustrative cross-national comparisons are also presented including a dramatic difference in attitudes towards migrants between New Zealand and Australia.

scholarly journals Detecting Community Structures Within Complex Networks Using a Discrete Unconscious Search Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ardjmand ◽  
William A. Young II ◽  
Najat E. Almasarwah
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Community Detection ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Search Algorithm ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range

Detecting the communities that exist within complex social networks has a wide range of application in business, engineering, and sociopolitical settings. As a result, many community detection methods are being developed by researchers in the academic community. If the communities within social networks can be more accurately detected, the behavior or characteristics of each community within the networks can be better understood, which implies that better decisions can be made. In this paper, a discrete version of an unconscious search algorithm was applied to three widely explored complex networks. After these networks were formulated as optimization problems, the unconscious search algorithm was applied, and the results were compared against the results found from a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art community detection methods. The comparative study shows that the unconscious search algorithm consistently produced the highest modularity that was discovered through the comprehensive review of the literature.

scholarly journals URGENT ISSUES AND MODERN CHALLENGES OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 671-673
Author(s):  
Yurii Pelekh
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Science And Education

Modern society, which is experiencing dynamic changes due to the new global challenges, is definitely looking for solutions in science and education. The life of many generations has proved that no matter what problems humanity faces, their solution requires intellectual effort, a scientific approach and a quality education system as one of the most effective means of disseminating ideas, knowledge and values. At the same time, such a situation always leads to the thorough attention to the phenomenon of education, in particular higher education. Great expectations and hopes cause significant demands and fundamental tasks that the society puts forward to the academic community. Satisfaction of these requirements and the solution of such tasks is probably not possible without self-analysis and self-reflection, without identifying those problems that inhibit the development of education itself, decrease its functionality, and discredit its status as the spiritual basis of social life. Therefore, we will further try to formulate our vision of current issues and current challenges in higher education.

scholarly journals Commons Praxis: Toward a Critical Political Economy of the Digital Commons

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J Birkinbine
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Commons

The concept of the commons has provided a useful framework for understanding a wide range of resources and cultural activities associated with the creation of value outside of the traditional market mechanisms under capitalism (i.e., private property, rational self-interest, and profit maximization).  However, these communities often continue to intersect with capital and the state attempts to appropriate their resources. Recent scholarship has sought to unpack some of the contradictions inherent in the claims made about the revolutionary potential of the commons by offering conceptual frameworks for assessing commons-based projects.  This paper builds upon this research by developing a two-pronged argument.  First, by drawing examples from the free software movement, I argue that critical political economy provides the most useful analytical framework for understanding the contradictions inherent in the relationship between capital and the commons. Second, I argue for a commons praxis that attempts to overcome some of these contradictions.  Within this discussion, I build on the notion of ‘boundary commoning’ to understand organisational form, and I develop the concept of ‘subversive commoning’ for understanding various forms of commoning that seek to undermine the capitalist logics of the digital commons.

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