scholarly journals Investigation of Adolescent Pregnancy Outcomes and Postpartum Depression Frequency and Risk Factors: Prospective Case Control Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sukru Budak ◽  
Sedat Akgol
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
The Difference

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of postpartum depression (PPD), accompanying risk factors, and obstetrics and neonatal outcomes in adolescent pregnancies.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong> This prospective study was conducted on adolescent and adult pregnant patients giving birth in Diyarbakır Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital of Health Sciences University between January 01 and 31, 2018. Groups were compared in terms of PPD rates and PPD-related factors were also determined in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The frequency of PPD was higher in adolescent patients than in adult patients but the difference was not considered statistically significant (p&gt; 0.05). In adolescent and adult patients, the following factors were found to increase PPD risk: illiteracy, living in an urban area, divorced parents, having fewer than 4 siblings, anemia and caesarean delivery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The study results showed no significant difference in PPD rates between adolescent and adult pregnant patients. In both groups, the factors of illiteracy, living in an urban area, divorced parents, anemia, fewer than 4 siblings, and caesarean delivery were found to increase the risk of development of PPD.</p>

Effect of Tobacco on Lipoprotein Profile: A Comparative study among Smokers and Chewers

2021 ◽  
pp. 4973-4976
Author(s):  
Roshan Kumar Jha ◽  
Ranjit S. Ambad ◽  
Priya Koundal ◽  
Akansha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Sample Processing ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference

It has been proved that tobacco is one of the cholesterol dependent risk factors pathogenically, and in addition with other risk factors it may lead to coronary heart disease. Thus, a strong interaction exists between hypercholesterolemia and tobacco ingesting in the genesis of coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to study the effect of tobacco smoking and chewing and compare its effect on lipoproteins. 60 subjects were included in the study, and were grouped into 3 three groups, tobacco smokers, tobacco chewers and tobacco non-abusers. Each group comprises 20 participants: selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Proper sampling and sample processing methods were employed to evaluate lipid profile. Total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were increased in smokers in comparison to non-smokers/non-chewers, and the differences were significant p<0.0001. HDL level was decreased in smokers as compared to non-smokers/non-chewers and the difference was statistically significant p<0.0001. Total cholesterol and LDL levels were increased in smokers in comparison to chewers. HDL level was decreased in chewers as compared to chewers. There was no significant association in any of the parameters. Present study observed increased and significant p<0.0001 differences in levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides while, HDL levels were decreased significantly p<0.0001, and also observed there was no significant difference among tobacco smokers and chewers. This may be a new area of interest for future studies.

scholarly journals Central line associated bloodstream infections in cohort of abdominal surgical patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Vesna Mioljevic ◽  
Miroslav Milicevic ◽  
Vesna Bumbasirevic ◽  
Vesna Suljagic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Aseptic Technique ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference

INTRODUCTION: Central venous catheter (CVC) placement is an unavoidable part of the everyday medical practice. At the same time CVC application is associated with high risk of development of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). These infections are cause of icreased morbidity and mortality rates as well as higer costs of the inpatient treatment2. Risk factors for onset of CLABSIs include duration of catheterization, length of hospital stay before catheterization, anatomic site of placement, CVC placement at the intensive care units (ICU), parenteral nutrition (PN) and ommisions diring CVC placement, use and care. CLABSI incidence rates vary depending on distribution of different risk factors associated with CVC and patient him/herself. The most significant causative organisms of CLABSIs are coagulase-negative Staphylococcocae, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aures), Enterococcus spp. i Candida spp. CLABSIs prevention measures include compliance with the rules of the aseptic technique upon placement, use and care of CVCs, which, based on the study results, may enable prevention of 65% to 70% of cases of CLABSIs. METHODS: A prospective cohort study included 200 patients hospitalized at the intensive care and therapy units of the CCS Clinic of Digestive Surgery in the period November 30th, 2006-November 31st, 2007 in whom CVC was placed for more than 48 hours. All the data necessary for the study were obtained based on the review of the case histories and they were recorded into the individual questionnaires for each patient. The questionnarire included patient information (age, gender, underlying disease, presence of other infections), information related to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to which the patient was exposed. The incidence of CRBSIs in ICU patients, Institute of Digestive Diseases, CCS over the study period was 10.08 per 1,000 catheter-days. During the study CLABSI more often present in the females. Additionally, application of albumin and amino acids, ICU stay longer that 7 days and CVC application longer than 15 days, significantly more often present in patients with CRBSIs than in the group of patients without CRBSIs. Independent factors for development of CRBSI are gender, administration of albumin and amino acids. The most common microorganisms isolated from hemocultures and CVC were S. aureus and Klebsiella spp., with 31,8% of isolates each. Statistically significant difference was evidenced in frequency of resistance of S. aureus isolates to methicillin in the group of patients with CRBSI in comparison to the group of patients without CLABSIs. CLABSIs prevention measurs include compliance with the rules of the aseptic technique upon placement, use and care of CVCs.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic, Psychiatric and Materiality Determinants and Risk of Postpartum Depression in Border City of Ilam, Western Iran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pegah Taherifard ◽  
Ali Delpisheh ◽  
Ramin Shirali ◽  
Abdorrahim Afkhamzadeh ◽  
Yousef Veisani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Border City ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) is considered as one of the mood disturbances occurring during 2-3 months after delivery. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its associated risk factors in border city of Ilam, western Iran.Methods. Through a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2011, overall, 197 women who attended Obstetrics & Gynecology clinics postpartumly in the border city of Ilam, western Iran, were randomly recruited. A standard questionnaire that was completed by a trained midwife through face to face interviews was used for data gathering.Results. Mean age ± standard deviations was 27.9 ± 5.2 years. Prevalence of PPD was estimated to be 34.8% (95% CI: 27.7–41.7). A significant difference was observed among depression scores before and after delivery (P≤0.001). Type of delivery (P=0.044), low socioeconomic status (P=0.011), and women having low educational level (P=0.009) were the most important significant risk factors associated with PPD. The regression analysis showed that employed mothers compared to housekeepers were more at risk for PPD (adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.22–2.28,P=0.003).Conclusions. Prevalence of PPD in western Iran was slightly higher than the corresponding rate from either national or international reports.

Abstract 14520: Differences in Left Atrial Size and Function and Supraventricular Arrhythmias Between Blacks and Whites in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study: Implications for AF Pathogenesis

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Wang ◽  
Riccardo M Inciardi ◽  
Faye L Norby ◽  
Michael J Zhang ◽  
Jorge L Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blacks And Whites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Aric Study ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Black Americans have more atrial fibrillation (AF) risk factors but lower AF risk than whites. Left atrial (LA) enlargement, impaired LA function, frequent premature atrial contractions (PAC), and atrial tachycardia (AT) are risk factors for AF. Racial differences in LA size and function, PAC, or AT may exist that could explain the difference in AF risk. Hypothesis: Whites have higher PAC and AT frequency than blacks. Additionally, whites have larger LA size and lower LA function than blacks, which may contribute to the racial difference in AF. Methods: We included 1,623 ARIC participants free of AF who had 2D-echocardiograms at visit 5 (2011-2013) and wore a 2-week continuous heart monitor, the Zio ® XT Patch, at visit 6 (2016-2017). Weighted linear regression was used to analyze the association of race with LA size and function, as well as runs of AT per day and PAC per hour. Results: At visit 5, participants were 74 (4) years old, 58% were female, and 26% were black. AT runs were detected in 87% of blacks and 92% of whites, respectively (p=0.002). Among participants with >0 runs of AT per day (n=1480), blacks had 48% (95% CI: 21%-66%) fewer runs of AT per day than whites after adjustment for cardiovascular (CV) risk factors † . There was no significant difference in PAC frequency between blacks and whites. After adjusting for age and sex, blacks had greater LA size and lower LA function than whites; these differences attenuated after adjusting for CV risk factors (Table). Conclusion: Blacks have greater age and sex-adjusted abnormality in LA size and function than whites, likely due to higher prevalence of CV risk factors. Yet, blacks have lower propensity for AT. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the resistance to atrial arrhythmogenesis in blacks despite greater adverse LA remodeling.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT CRITERIA IN THE PREVALENCE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME IN STUDENTS FROM PARANAVAÍ, PARANÁ

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Ricardo Guilherme ◽  
Matheus Amarante do Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Molena-Fernandes ◽  
Vânia Renata Guilherme ◽  
Stevan Ricardo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the difference in the proportion of students with metabolic syndrome, diagnosed according to different criteria. Methods: The sample consisted of 241 students (136 boys and 105 girls) aged 10 to 14 years, from public and private schools in Paranavaí, Paraná. We used three distinct diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, considering the presence of at least three of the following risk factors: increased waist circumference, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia, low HDL-C, and elevated triglycerides. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome found was 1.7% (confidence interval of 95% - 95%CI 0-3.3) for the IDF criterion; 3.3% (95%CI 1.0-5.6) for Cook; and 17.4% (95%CI 12.6-22.3) for Ferranti. Analyzing the criteria in pairs, the agreement between IDF and Cook was 97.5% (k=0.95); between IDF and Ferranti, 83.4% (k=0.67); and between Cook and Ferranti, 85.9% (k=0.72). Onlyone student (0.4%) was diagnosed with metabolic syndrome solely by the IDF criterion, while 34 (14.1%) were diagnosed exclusively by Ferranti. The comparison of the three criteria showed that Ferranti presented the highest proportion of metabolic syndrome (p<0.001), and Cook had a greater proportion than IDF (p<0.001). Conclusions: We found a significant difference in the proportion of metabolic syndrome in the three criteria. The choice of which criterion to use can compromise not only the percentage of metabolic syndrome prevalence but also interfere in strategies of intervention and prevention in children and adolescents with and without metabolic syndrome, respectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence of cigarette smoking in schizophrenic patients compared to other hospital admitted psychiatric patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1417-1417
Author(s):  
A. Kheradmand ◽  
H. Ziaaddini ◽  
M. Vahabi
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Difference

Introduction & aimsEstimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking and some of the related factors among schizophrenic and other hospitalized psychiatric patients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study on 120 patients hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kerman in 2005. Patients were equally devided in two groups of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders. Sampling was based on statistical census and data were collected using a questionnaire including 27 questions on demographic data, psychiatric disorder, smoking cigarettes and other substances, and Fagerstrom test. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and ANOVA tests using SPSS software.ResultsPrevalence and severity of cigarette smoking was 71.6% and 6.47% among schizophrenic and 51.6% and 6.40% among other psychiatric patients, respectively and the difference was not significant. History of withdrawal was 25.6% and 58.1% in the schizophrenia and other disorders respectively and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). Addiction to other substances was 51.6% in schizophrenic and 45% in the other patients and the most prevalent substances in both groups were opium and alcohol. The severity of smoking cigarettes was 6.9 along with other drug abuses and 5.1 in cases with just smoking based on Fagerstrom test and the difference was significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of cigarette smoking in both schizophrenia and other psychiatric patients is higher than normal population, but there is no significant difference between these two groups. Schizophrenic patients need persistent supportive and supervising programs for cigarette smoking abuse treatment because of their cognitive, motivate and social problems.

Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery disease in adults with Kawasaki disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalaj Garg ◽  
Parasuram Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Chandrasekar Palaniswamy ◽  
Rajiv Paudel ◽  
Saurav Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Artery Aneurysm ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
Artery Disease

AbstractBackground: Accelerated coronary atherosclerosis in patients with Kawasaki disease, in conjunction with coronary artery aneurysm and stenosis that characterise this disease, are potential risk factors for developing coronary artery disease in young adults. We aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of coronary artery disease in adult patients with Kawasaki disease. Methods: All patients aged 18−55 years of age diagnosed with Kawasaki disease were sampled from Nationwide Inpatient Sample database using International Classification of Diseases 9th revision (ICD 9 code 446.1) from 2009 to 2010. Demographics, prevalence of coronary artery disease, and other traditional risk factors in adult patients with Kawasaki disease were analysed using ICD 9 codes. Results: The prevalence of Kawasaki disease among adults was 0.0005% (n=215) of all in-hospital admissions in United States. The mean age was 27.3 years with women (27.6 years) older than men (27.1 years). Traditional risk factors were hypertension (21%), hyperlipidaemia (15.6%), diabetes (11.5%), tobacco use (8.8%), and obesity (8.8%), with no significant difference between men and women. Coronary artery disease (32.4%), however, was more prevalent in men (44.7%) than in women (12.1%; p=0.03). In multivariate regression analysis, after adjusting for demographics and traditional risk factors, hypertension (OR=13.2, p=0.03) was an independent risk factor of coronary artery disease. Conclusion: There was increased preponderance of coronary artery disease in men with Kawasaki disease. On multivariate analysis, hypertension was found to be the only independent predictor of coronary artery disease in this population after adjusting for other risk factors.

scholarly journals Preoperative Nutritional Status and Risk Factors Associated with Delayed Discharge in Geriatric Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xining Zhao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yuying Yang ◽  
Yan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Delayed Discharge ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Preoperative malnutrition is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications and survival for gastric cancer (GC) patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and the risk factors associated with the delayed discharge of geriatric patients undergoing gastrectomy. Material and Methods A retrospective study of GC patients (age ≥ 65) who underwent gastrectomy at Zhongshan Hospital from January 2018 to May 2020 was conducted. Clinical data, including demographic information, medical history, surgery-related factors, and perioperative nutritional management were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 783 patients were reviewed. The overall frequency of malnutrition was 31.3% (249/783). The levels of albumin, prealbumin, and hemoglobin were lower in the malnutrition group compared with the well-nourished group. Moreover, 51 (6.5%) patients received preoperative total parenteral nutritional support. All patients received postoperative parenteral nutrition; 194 (77.9%) patients in the malnutrition group received an infusion of carbohydrates with composite amino acid and 55 (22.1%) received total nutrient admixture. No significant difference was found in the duration of postoperative nutrition between the groups (P>0.05). The malnutrition group was associated with a higher rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) (P<0.001). Multivariate cox regression revealed that age >70 years, length of surgery >180 min, and postoperative complications were significant risk factors associated with delayed discharge. Conclusion Malnutrition is relatively common in elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy. Age, length of surgery, and postoperative complications are important risk factors associated with delayed discharge. Elderly GC patients with risk factors urgently require specific attention to shorten hospital stays.

scholarly journals Risk factors to predict ocular metastasis in older adult patients with gastric cancer:LDL, ApoA1, and CA724

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqing Shi ◽  
Shinan Wu ◽  
Tie Sun ◽  
Huiye Shu ◽  
Qichen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ocular Metastasis

Abstract Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the population. Although the incidence of GC has reduced, patient prognosis remains poor. Ocular metastases (OM) from GC are rare, and the occurrence of OM is often indicative of severe disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for OM of GC.Methods: A total of 1165 older adult patients with GC were enrolled in this study from June 2003 to May 2019 and divided into OM and non-ocular metastasis (NOM) groups. Chi-square and independent samples t tests were used to determine whether differences in demographic characteristics and serological indicators (SI) between the two groups were significant. In addition, binary logistic regression was used to analyze the value of various SI as risk factors for OM in patients with GC. The statistical threshold was set as P < 0.05. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic value of various SI in differentiating the occurrence of OM in patients with GC. Results: The incidence of OM in older adults with GC was 1.1%. Adenocarcinoma was the most common type of GC in both groups, and there was no significant difference in demographic characteristics, including sex and age between the groups. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL), carbohydrate antigen-724 (CA724), and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were significantly higher in the OM group than the NOM group, while those of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) were significantly lower in the OM than the NOM group. Binary logistic analysis showed that LDL, ApoA1, and CA724 were independent risk factors for OM in patients with GC (P < 0.001,P = 0.033, and P = 0.008, respectively). ROC curve analysis generated area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.881, 0.576, and 0.906 for LDL, ApoA1, and CA724, respectively. In addition, combined analysis of LDL, ApoA1, and CA724 generated the highest AUC value of 0.924 (P < 0.001).Conclusion: Among SI, LDL, ApoA1, and CA724 have predictive value for the occurrence of OM in GC, with the three factors combined having the highest value.

Assessment of the difference in posterior circulation involvement between pediatric and adult patients with moyamoya disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 961-965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohito Hishikawa ◽  
Koji Tokunaga ◽  
Kenji Sugiu ◽  
Isao Date
Keyword(s):  
Moyamoya Disease ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Posterior Circulation ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Difference

Object There is no description of the change in the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) in the diagnostic criteria of moyamoya disease (MMD). However, PCAs are often involved in the clinical setting, and an understanding of the significance of PCA lesions is therefore of great importance when evaluating the disease progression and predicting prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the difference in posterior circulation involvement in pediatric and adult patients with MMD. Methods The records of 120 consecutive patients with MMD were reviewed. The clinical manifestations at diagnosis were evaluated on the basis of symptoms and CT and MRI findings. The degree of steno-occlusive internal carotid artery (ICA) lesions and the existence of steno-occlusive PCA lesions were evaluated by observing a total of 240 ICAs and PCAs on angiography. Angiographic correlation between anterior and posterior circulation was assessed in pediatric and adult patients with MMD. Results Seventeen (26%) of 66 pediatric patients and 18 (33%) of 54 adult patients exhibited steno-occlusive PCA lesions. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of PCA lesions between pediatric and adult patients with MMD (p = 0.36). The prevalence of infarction in pediatric and adult patients with PCA involvement was significantly higher than that in pediatric and adult patients without PCA involvement (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference in the distribution of infarction areas between pediatric and adult patients with PCA involvement (p = 0.62). On the basis of the staging system used, steno-occlusive lesions in ICAs ipsilateral to PCAs with lesions were in significantly advanced stages compared with lesions in ICAs ipsilateral to PCAs without lesions in both pediatric and adult cases (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0008, respectively). Pediatric patients had less advanced steno-occlusive lesions in ICAs ipsilateral to PCAs with lesions compared with adults (p < 0.05). Conclusions The clinical significance of posterior circulation involvement in MMD was similar between pediatric and adult patients. The only significant difference was that less advanced ICA lesions could complicate posterior circulation involvement in pediatric patients.

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