scholarly journals Long-term temperature and precipitation trends at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie H. Laseter ◽  
Chelcy R. Ford ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
Lloyd W. Swift
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory

Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, located in western North Carolina, USA, is a 2,185 ha basin wherein forest climate monitoring and watershed experimentation began in the early 1930s. An extensive climate and hydrologic network has facilitated research for over 75 years. Our objectives in this paper were to describe the monitoring network, present long-term air temperature and precipitation data, and analyze the temporal variation in the long-term temperature and precipitation record. We found that over the period of record: (1) air temperatures have been increasing significantly since the late 1970s, (2) drought severity and frequency have increased with time, and (3) the precipitation distribution has become more extreme over time. We discuss the implications of these trends within the context of regional and global climate change and forest health.

scholarly journals Interannual and long-term changes in the trophic state of a multibasin lake: effects of morphology, climate, winter aeration, and beaver activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale M. Robertson ◽  
William J. Rose ◽  
Paul C. Reneau
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic State ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Main Flow ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
P Sources

Little St. Germain Lake (LSG), a relatively pristine multibasin lake in Wisconsin, USA, was examined to determine how morphologic (internal), climatic (external), anthropogenic (winter aeration), and natural (beaver activity) factors affect the trophic state (phosphorus, P; chlorophyll, CHL; and Secchi depth, SD) of each of its basins. Basins intercepting the main flow and external P sources had highest P and CHL and shallowest SD. Internal loading in shallow, polymictic basins caused P and CHL to increase and SD to decrease as summer progressed. Winter aeration used to eliminate winterkill increased summer internal P loading and decreased water quality, while reductions in upstream beaver impoundments had little effect on water quality. Variations in air temperature and precipitation affected each basin differently. Warmer air temperatures increased productivity throughout the lake and decreased clarity in less eutrophic basins. Increased precipitation increased P in the basins intercepting the main flow but had little effect on the isolated deep West Bay. These relations are used to project effects of future climatic changes on LSG and other temperate lakes.

The relevance of the past unsustainable increase of glacier runoff for large-scale basins in different climatological settings 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Mengert ◽  
Ben Marzeion
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Mass Change ◽  
Mountain Glaciers ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Seasonal Runoff

<p>Depending on the seasonality of temperature and precipitation, mountain glaciers seasonally store and release large amounts of freshwater. Therefore, glaciers have a strong influence on water availability in many regions of the world. In an ongoing global climate change, glaciers have an additional impact on water availability, as the net amount of stored ice changes in an unsustainable way. This results in glaciers not only altering the seasonal runoff, but also adding a net input into the drainage system.<br>To better understand the interplay between seasonal and long-term storage changes, we suggest to split the monthly seasonal mass balance into a sustainable fraction, which is derived by balancing solid precipitation by ablation proportional to positive temperatures, and an unsustainable fraction, which causes long-term glacier mass change.</p><p>Similarly, we consider the effect of glacier area changes, allowing us to separate seasonal runoff into components attributable to (unsustainable) area change, (unsustainable) mass change, or the (sustainable) seasonal runoff from the glacier.</p><p>By applying the concept to a reconstruction of global glacier change, we illustrate how the glacier input into river basins in different climatological settings has been affected by the glacier mass loss during the 20th century. </p>

scholarly journals Temperature and Precipitation Development at Svalbard 1900–2100

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik J. Førland ◽  
Rasmus Benestad ◽  
Inger Hanssen-Bauer ◽  
Jan Erik Haugen ◽  
Torill Engen Skaugen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Temperature Trends ◽  
Observational Series ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
Average Winter Temperature

Substantial variations in temperature and precipitation have been observed since the first permanent weather station was established in the Svalbard region in 1911. Temperature and precipitation development are analysed for the longest observational series, and periods with positive and negative trends are identified. For all temperature series, positive linear trends are found for annual values as well as spring, summer, and autumn series. A very strong winter warming is identified for the latest decades. Evaluation of temperature trends downscaled from global climate models forced with observed greenhouse gas emissions suggests that the downscaled results do span the observation-based trends at Svalbard Airport 1912–2010. Novel projections focussing on the Svalbard region indicate a future warming rate up to year 2100 three times stronger than observed during the latest 100 years. The average winter temperature in the Longyearbyen area at the end of this century is projected to be around 10°C higher than in present climate. Also for precipitation, the long-term observational series indicate an increase and the projections indicate a further increase up to year 2100.

Homogenization of long-term snow observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Resch ◽  
Barbara Chimani ◽  
Roland Koch ◽  
Wolfgang Schöner ◽  
Christoph Marty
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
The Impact

<p>Climate data contains vital information about the global climate system. To get the desired information out of measurements, they have to be homogenous, where the variability of a time series is only caused by variations in weather and climate and not due to external influences.</p><p>Snow is an important component of this system, treated as one of the most obvious visual evidences of climate change and important for countries with mountainous environments. But most of the existing tools and algorithms that are being used for homogenization have been developed for air temperature and precipitation, whereas their application to snow depth measurements has only been rarely attempted. Until now, there have only been smaller efforts to develop methods and tools for snow series.</p><p>We are trying to break new ground by developing innovative methods that can be applied to the homogenization of longterm snow observations, as well as to demonstrate the impact of the developed adjustments on climatologies and trends. For that, we are using daily longterm snow measurements of the two most frequently measured parameters, snow depth (HS) and new snow height (HN) from the Swiss-Austrian domain.</p><p>As a first approach, we are applying the existing methods PRODIGE for the detection of multiple inhomogeneities and INTERP for the calculation of corrections with a quantile-mapping approach on a seasonal basis on selected time series.</p>

scholarly journals THE RESULTS OF CHECKING OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS DOMINANT DATA IN THE CUTTING OF THE DISTRICT OF RIVER BASINS AND SUBBASEINS OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
O. Obodovskyi ◽  
V. Grebin ◽  
S. Snizhko ◽  
I. Kuprikov ◽  
O. Shevchenko Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Statistical Criterion ◽  
Air Temperatures

This article presents the results of the verification of the homogeneity of the data of long-term observations on the average annual air temperature and annual precipitation amounts according to the data of 143 meteorological stations operating on the territory of Ukraine to date and have a long (in the vast majority of cases, more than 55-60 years) rows of observations within 14 areas of river basins and sub-basins that have been allocated within the country for research. To do this, the parametric criteria of Student and Fischer, as well as the non-parametric Wilcoxon criterion, were used. Briefly described these three criteria and statistical methods for assessing the homogeneity of hydrological and meteorological sequences in general. The basic concepts of mathematical statistics, such as the null hypothesis, the statistical criterion, the level of significance, the critical area, are deciphered. The number of used meteorological stations for each of the selected areas of river basins and sub-basins was determined. The heterogeneity of the series of average annual air temperature for all 14 selected areas of river basins and sub-basins was revealed. The rows of the long-term course of average annual air temperatures are homogeneous only at two meteorological stations within the boundaries of the Crimean river basin districts (Simferopol and Dzhankoy). Significant homogeneity of the rows of annual precipitation amounts for the overwhelming majority of areas of river basins and sub-basins was also revealed. It is noted that for five of the studied areas of river basins and sub-basins, the homogeneity index is 100 % for all three of the involved criteria of mathematical statistics. The lowest index of homogeneity of the rows of annual rainfall amounts is typical for the Wisla River basin district, where it is 60 %. This is one of the smallest selected areas, which occupies a very small area within Ukraine (about 4 %). The following conclusions are made: 1. The indices of homogeneity of the rows of annual precipitation amounts received for the territory of Ukraine according to 143 meteorological stations indicate that there are no directed changes in annual rainfall in most of the country. 2. The indices of homogeneity of the series of average annual values of air temperatures obtained for the territory of Ukraine according to the data of the same 143 meteorological stations according to different criteria testify to the violation of the homogeneity of this indicator on the territory of Ukraine since about 1989, which testifies to the climatic changes taking place in the country over the past decades, reflecting global climate change.

scholarly journals Variability in solar radiation and temperature explains observed patterns and trends in tree growth rates across four tropical forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1744) ◽  
pp. 3923-3931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Xiaobi Dong ◽  
Stuart J. Davies ◽  
Peter S. Ashton ◽  
Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin ◽  
M. N. Nur Supardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The response of tropical forests to global climate variability and change remains poorly understood. Results from long-term studies of permanent forest plots have reported different, and in some cases opposing trends in tropical forest dynamics. In this study, we examined changes in tree growth rates at four long-term permanent tropical forest research plots in relation to variation in solar radiation, temperature and precipitation. Temporal variation in the stand-level growth rates measured at five-year intervals was found to be positively correlated with variation in incoming solar radiation and negatively related to temporal variation in night-time temperatures. Taken alone, neither solar radiation variability nor the effects of night-time temperatures can account for the observed temporal variation in tree growth rates across sites, but when considered together, these two climate variables account for most of the observed temporal variability in tree growth rates. Further analysis indicates that the stand-level response is primarily driven by the responses of smaller-sized trees (less than 20 cm in diameter). The combined temperature and radiation responses identified in this study provide a potential explanation for the conflicting patterns in tree growth rates found in previous studies.

On the dynamics of distribution of the American White Butterfly, Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), in Ukraine regarding the annual minimal air temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
S. N. Shumov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
White American ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The spatial analysis of distribution and quantity of Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 across Ukraine since 1952 till 2016 regarding the values of annual absolute temperatures of ground air is performed using the Gis-technologies. The long-term pest dissemination data (Annual reports…, 1951–1985; Surveys of the distribution of quarantine pests ..., 1986–2017) and meteorological information (Meteorological Yearbooks of air temperature the surface layer of the atmosphere in Ukraine for the period 1951-2016; Branch State of the Hydrometeorological Service at the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry for Emergencies) were used in the present research. The values of boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause of Hyphantria cunea, that unable the development of species’ subsequent generation, are received. Data analyses suggests almost complete elimination of winter diapausing individuals of White American Butterfly (especially pupae) under the air temperature of −32°С. Because of arising questions on the time of action of absolute minimal air temperatures, it is necessary to ascertain the boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause for White American Butterfly. It is also necessary to perform the more detailed research of a corresponding biological material with application to the freezing technics, giving temperature up to −50°С, with the subsequent analysis of the received results by the punched-analysis.

Analysis of Long-term Changes of Days with 25℃ or Higher Air Temperatures in Jeju

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Choi ◽  
Yumi Cha ◽  
Jeoung-Yun Kim ◽  
Cheol-Hong Park
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Changes

DROUGHT OCCURRENCE UNDER LITHUANIAN CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laima TAPARAUSKIENĖ ◽  
Veronika LUKŠEVIČIŪTĖ
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Calculation Step ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
June July

This study provides the analysis of drought conditions of vegetation period in 1982-2014 year in two Lithuanian regions: Kaunas and Telšiai. To identify drought conditions the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied. SPI was calculated using the long-term precipitation record of 1982–2014 with in-situ meteorological data. Calculation step of SPI was taken 1 month considering only vegetation period (May, June, July, August, September). The purpose of investigation was to evaluate the humidity/aridity of vegetation period and find out the probability of droughts occurrence under Lithuanian climatic conditions. It was found out that according SPI results droughts occurred in 14.5 % of all months in Kaunas region and in 15.8 % in Telšiai region. Wet periods in Kaunas region occurred in 15.8 %, and in Telšiai region occurrence of wet periods was – 18.8 % from all evaluated months. According SPI evaluation near normal were 69.7 % of total months during period of investigation in Kaunas and respectively – 65.5 % in Telšiai. The probability for extremely dry period under Lithuania climatic conditions are pretty low – 3.0 % in middle Lithuania and 2.4 % in western part of Lithuania.

On Climate Change Risks of Long-Term Socio-Economic Development in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-95
Author(s):  
N.E. Terentiev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Risk ◽  
Climate Change Risks ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Management Policies

Based on the latest data, paper investigates the dynamics of global climate change and its impact on economic growth in the long-term. The notion of climate risk is considered. The main directions of climate risk management policies are analyzed aimed, first, at reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions through technological innovation and structural economic shifts; secondly, at adaptation of population, territories and economic complexes to the irreparable effects of climate change. The problem of taking into account the phenomenon of climate change in the state economic policy is put in the context of the most urgent tasks of intensification of long-term socio-economic development and parrying strategic challenges to the development of Russia.

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