scholarly journals THE RESULTS OF CHECKING OF METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS DOMINANT DATA IN THE CUTTING OF THE DISTRICT OF RIVER BASINS AND SUBBASEINS OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
O. Obodovskyi ◽  
V. Grebin ◽  
S. Snizhko ◽  
I. Kuprikov ◽  
O. Shevchenko Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Statistical Criterion ◽  
Air Temperatures

This article presents the results of the verification of the homogeneity of the data of long-term observations on the average annual air temperature and annual precipitation amounts according to the data of 143 meteorological stations operating on the territory of Ukraine to date and have a long (in the vast majority of cases, more than 55-60 years) rows of observations within 14 areas of river basins and sub-basins that have been allocated within the country for research. To do this, the parametric criteria of Student and Fischer, as well as the non-parametric Wilcoxon criterion, were used. Briefly described these three criteria and statistical methods for assessing the homogeneity of hydrological and meteorological sequences in general. The basic concepts of mathematical statistics, such as the null hypothesis, the statistical criterion, the level of significance, the critical area, are deciphered. The number of used meteorological stations for each of the selected areas of river basins and sub-basins was determined. The heterogeneity of the series of average annual air temperature for all 14 selected areas of river basins and sub-basins was revealed. The rows of the long-term course of average annual air temperatures are homogeneous only at two meteorological stations within the boundaries of the Crimean river basin districts (Simferopol and Dzhankoy). Significant homogeneity of the rows of annual precipitation amounts for the overwhelming majority of areas of river basins and sub-basins was also revealed. It is noted that for five of the studied areas of river basins and sub-basins, the homogeneity index is 100 % for all three of the involved criteria of mathematical statistics. The lowest index of homogeneity of the rows of annual rainfall amounts is typical for the Wisla River basin district, where it is 60 %. This is one of the smallest selected areas, which occupies a very small area within Ukraine (about 4 %). The following conclusions are made: 1. The indices of homogeneity of the rows of annual precipitation amounts received for the territory of Ukraine according to 143 meteorological stations indicate that there are no directed changes in annual rainfall in most of the country. 2. The indices of homogeneity of the series of average annual values of air temperatures obtained for the territory of Ukraine according to the data of the same 143 meteorological stations according to different criteria testify to the violation of the homogeneity of this indicator on the territory of Ukraine since about 1989, which testifies to the climatic changes taking place in the country over the past decades, reflecting global climate change.

The «rainfall-runoff» system and its long-term fluctuations in the Siverskyi Donets River Basin (Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Bolbot ◽  
Vasyl Grebin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
River Runoff ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Current Period

<p>The current patterns estimation of the water regime under climate change is one of the most urgent tasks in Ukraine and the world. Such changes are determined by fluctuations in the main climatic characteristics - precipitation and air temperature, which are defined the value of evaporation. These parameters influence on the annual runoff distribution and long-term runoff fluctuations. In particular, the annual precipitation redistribution is reflected in the corresponding changes in the river runoff.<br>The assessment of the current state and nature of changes in precipitation and river runoff of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin was made by comparing the current period (1991-2018) with the period of the climatological normal (1961-1990).<br>In general, for this area, it was defined the close relationship between the amount of precipitation and the annual runoff. Against the background of insignificant (about 1%) increase of annual precipitation in recent decades, it was revealed their redistribution by seasons and separate months. There is a decrease in precipitation in the cold period (November-February). This causes (along with other factors) a decrease in the amount of snow and, accordingly, the spring flood runoff. There are frequent cases of unexpressed spring floods of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin. The runoff during March-April (the period of spring flood within the Ukrainian part of the basin) decreased by almost a third.<br>The increase of precipitation during May-June causes a corresponding (insignificant) increase in runoff in these months. The shift of the maximum monthly amount of precipitation from May (for the period 1961-1990) to June (in the current period) is observed.<br>There is a certain threat to water supply in the region due to the shift in the minimum monthly amount of precipitation in the warm period from October to August. Compared with October, there is a higher air temperature and, accordingly, higher evaporation in August, which reduces the runoff. Such a situation is solved by rational water resources management of the basin. The possibility of replenishing water resources in the basin through the transfer runoff from the Dnieper (Dnieper-Siverskyi Donets channel) and the annual runoff redistribution in the reservoir system causes some increase in the river runoff of summer months in recent decades. This is also contributed by the activities of the river basin management structures, which control the maintenance water users' of minimum ecological flow downstream the water intakes and hydraulic structures in the rivers of the basin.<br>Therefore, in the period of current climate change, the annual runoff distribution of the Siverskyi Donets River Basin has undergone significant changes, which is related to the annual precipitation redistribution and anthropogenic load on the basin.</p>

scholarly journals About the features of the time course of the average annual air temperature in the territory of the Debed river basin (Armenia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Varduhi Margaryan ◽  
Gennady Tsibulskii ◽  
Ksenia Raevich
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Surface Air Layer

The article examines the features of the time course of the average annual air temperature in the Debed river basin in Armenia. As a starting material, we used daily data of actual observations of the temperature of the surface air layer for a year in the Debed river basin. The study was carried out at 6 meteorological stations in the Debed river basin based on long-term observation data series from 1930 to the present (2018). Analysis of the trend lines of temporal changes in air temperatures shows that at all meteorological stations currently operating on the territory of the basin, there is mainly a tendency for an increase in temperatures of annual values.

scholarly journals Specific changes in main climatic characteristics of the Debed river basin (Armenia)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Climatic Characteristics

Formulation of the problem. The article discusses changes in the main climatic characteristics in the Debed river basin (Armenia) at six meteorological stations. The aim of the work is to analyze and assess peculiar territorial distribution of the main climatic indicators in the Debed river basin, their changes over the past 80-90 years in different conditions of Armenia. Methods. To solve the set tasks, the authors used corresponding research and published works as a theoretical basis in the work. As a starting material, the work used the daily factual data of the "Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring" of the SNCO, Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia for the period from 1930 to 2018 at six meteorological stations. The authors applied the following research methods in the article: mathematical and statistical, extrapolation, analysis, analogy, correlation, cartographic. Results. Climate of the earth has been changing rapidly over the past decades, leading to global warming. As a result, we are facing the problem of assessing the macroeconomic consequences of climate change in this territory. Armenia did not remain aloof from the problems of global climate change. On the territory of the river Debed's basin air temperature distribution and precipitation is uneven, due to the geographical latitude of the area, general and local circulation of the atmosphere, radiation energy and orographic features. We notice a decrease in air temperature and an increase in precipitation with the height of the terrain and the vertical gradient, respectively, is 0.54 ºC / 100 m and -20 mm / 100 m. The average annual air temperature ranges from 3.74 ºC to 12.3 ºC, and the annual precipitation is from 462 mm to 770 mm. Studies have also shown that long-term fluctuations in average air temperature over the year are generally characterized by positive trends. Air temperature in the basin of the river Debed increased by 1.65 °С on average over the year from 1964 to 2018. A particularly significant increase in annual temperatures has been observed after the 1990s, when the rate of annual warming reached +0.389 ºС / 10 years (for the period 1993-2018). The warmest years were 1966, 2010 and 2018. The tendency towards a decrease in the annual amount of precipitation prevails in the area. The most significant amount of precipitation decreased in the basin of the river Debed after 2002. The rate of changes in the annual amount of atmospheric precipitation for the period 2002–2018 reached -61.7 mm / 10 years, and for the entire period 1964-2018 - 1.02 mm / 10 years. On average a decrease in annual precipitation was 126 mm from 1964 to 2001, 105 mm - from 2002 to 2018 in the basin of the river Debed. There is a tendency for a slight increase in the amount of precipitation at the Stepanavan weather station.

On the dynamics of distribution of the American White Butterfly, Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), in Ukraine regarding the annual minimal air temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
S. N. Shumov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
White American ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The spatial analysis of distribution and quantity of Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 across Ukraine since 1952 till 2016 regarding the values of annual absolute temperatures of ground air is performed using the Gis-technologies. The long-term pest dissemination data (Annual reports…, 1951–1985; Surveys of the distribution of quarantine pests ..., 1986–2017) and meteorological information (Meteorological Yearbooks of air temperature the surface layer of the atmosphere in Ukraine for the period 1951-2016; Branch State of the Hydrometeorological Service at the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry for Emergencies) were used in the present research. The values of boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause of Hyphantria cunea, that unable the development of species’ subsequent generation, are received. Data analyses suggests almost complete elimination of winter diapausing individuals of White American Butterfly (especially pupae) under the air temperature of −32°С. Because of arising questions on the time of action of absolute minimal air temperatures, it is necessary to ascertain the boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause for White American Butterfly. It is also necessary to perform the more detailed research of a corresponding biological material with application to the freezing technics, giving temperature up to −50°С, with the subsequent analysis of the received results by the punched-analysis.

scholarly journals Projection of Hydro-Climatic Extreme Events under Climate Change in Yom and Nan River Basins, Thailand

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Chanchai Petpongpan ◽  
Chaiwat Ekkawatpanit ◽  
Supattra Visessri ◽  
Duangrudee Kositgittiwong
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Floods ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Far Future

Due to a continuous increase in global temperature, the climate has been changing without sign of alleviation. An increase in the air temperature has caused changes in the hydrologic cycle, which have been followed by several emergencies of natural extreme events around the world. Thailand is one of the countries that has incurred a huge loss in assets and lives from the extreme flood and drought events, especially in the northern part. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the hydrological regime in the Yom and Nan River basins, affected by climate change as well as the possibility of extreme floods and droughts. The hydrological processes of the study areas were generated via the physically-based hydrological model, namely the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The projected climate conditions were dependent on the outputs of the Global Climate Models (GCMs) as the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 2.6 and 8.5 between 2021 and 2095. Results show that the average air temperature, annual rainfall, and annual runoff will be significantly increased in the intermediate future (2046–2070) onwards, especially under RCP 8.5. According to the Flow Duration Curve and return period of peak discharge, there are fluctuating trends in the occurrence of extreme floods and drought events under RCP 2.6 from the future (2021–2045) to the far future (2071–2095). However, under RCP 8.5, the extreme flood and drought events seem to be more severe. The probability of extreme flood remains constant from the reference period to the near future, then rises dramatically in the intermediate and the far future. The intensity of extreme droughts will be increased in the near future and decreased in the intermediate future due to high annual rainfall, then tending to have an upward trend in the far future.

ON THE THERMAL REGIME OF THE SURFACE AIR LAYER IN THE DEBED RIVER BASIN (ARMENIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
MARGARYAN V.G. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Surface Air Layer

The features of the thermal regime of the surface air layer in the Debed river basin are considered. A statistical analysis of the average annual and average seasonal values of air temperature from 1964 to 2018 was carried out, two periods were identified, their time course was shown. The analysis was carried out using data from six meteorological stations representing the lowland, mountain and high-mountain climatic zones of the Debed river basin. A correlation was obtained between the absolute altitude and the monthly average values of air temperature for January and July, which can be used to assess the thermal conditions of unexplored or poorly studied territories and for cartography. The time course of average values of air temperatures for the seasonal period has been studied. Analysis of trend lines of temporal changes in air temperatures shows that in all situations on the territory of the basin as a whole, there is a tendency of temperature growth. Moreover, with a range of interannual fluctuations, a break in the course of temperatures in the early to mid 1990 is clearly visible, after which their significant increase began. It turned out that a significant increase in seasonal temperatures is observed especially over the period 1993-2018, which means that the annual warming after the mid 1990 occurred primarily due to summer and spring seasons. The regular dynamics indicates that in the studied area in terms of temperatures, a tendency of softening winters, a decrease in the water content of rivers, aridization of the climate. The results obtained can be used to assess the regularities of the spatial-temporal distribution of the temperature of the study area, to clarify the thermal balance, for the rational use of heat resources, as well as in the development of strategic programs for longterm analysis.

RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF UNREGULATED LATERAL INFLOWS OF THE KUIBYSHEVSKY (NOW ZHIGULYOVSKAYA HYDROPOWER PLANT) HYDRAULIC UNIT OF THE VOLGA RIVER BASIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
G. KH. ISMAIYLOV ◽  
◽  
N. V. MURASCHENKOVA ◽  
I. G. ISMAIYLOVA
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Total Precipitation ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Hydraulic Unit ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Lateral Inflow ◽  
Increasing Trend

The results of the analysis and assessment of changes in annual and seasonal characteristics of hydrometeorological processes in a private catchment area of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex of the Volga river are presented. To analyze the temporal dynamics of the variability of the annual and seasonal characteristics of the hydrometeorological processes in the considered territory of the river basin we used more than 100 years of observations of annual and seasonal fluctuations of lateral inflow, total atmospheric precipitation and air temperature regimes on the Volgariver. Relationship equations for annual and seasonal changes in hydrometeorological characteristics in time are obtained. It was found that long-term fluctuations of hydrometeorological processes (lateral inflow, total atmospheric precipitation and air temperature) are characterized by tendencies (trends). The analysis of these trends showed that the non-standard climatic situation, starting from the 70s of the last century, had a very significant impact on the distribution of annual and especially on the seasonal (low-water and winter) characteristics of hydrometeorological processes. It has been established that non-standard unidirectional changes are found in the fluctuations in the total atmospheric precipitation. If the winter total precipitation is characterized over the 100-year period in question by a continuously decreasing trend,the summer-autumn period is an increasing trend. This leads to the fact that long-term fluctuations in total precipitation during the period of low water are formed as a stationary process. At the same time, the total precipitation of the spring flood and inflowing to the Kuibyshev hydroelectric unit is characterized by a constantly increasing trend.

scholarly journals Analysis of climate change in Dnipropetrovsk Region

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
V. V. Hrynchak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Weather Observations ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

The decision about writing this article was made after familiarization with the "Brief Climatic Essay of Dnepropetrovsk City (prepared based on observations of 1886 – 1937)" written by the Head of the Dnipropetrovsk Weather Department of the Hydrometeorological Service A. N. Mikhailov. The guide has a very interesting fate: in 1943 it was taken by the Nazis from Dnipropetrovsk and in 1948 it returned from Berlin back to the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological and Environmental Directorate of the USSR, as evidenced by a respective entry on the Essay's second page. Having these invaluable materials and data of long-term weather observations in Dnipro city we decided to analyze climate changes in Dnipropetrovsk region. The article presents two 50-year periods, 1886-1937 and 1961-2015, as examples. Series of observations have a uniform and representative character because they were conducted using the same methodology and results processing. We compared two main characteristics of climate: air temperature and precipitation. The article describes changes of average annual temperature values and absolute temperature values. It specifies the shift of seasons' dates and change of seasons' duration. We studied the changes of annual precipitation and peculiarities of their seasonable distribution. Apart from that peculiarities of monthly rainfall fluctuations and their heterogeneity were specified. Since Dnipro city is located in the center of the region the identified tendencies mainly reflect changes of climatic conditions within the entire Dnipropetrovsk region.

scholarly journals Long-term temperature and precipitation trends at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, North Carolina, USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie H. Laseter ◽  
Chelcy R. Ford ◽  
James M. Vose ◽  
Lloyd W. Swift
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Precipitation Record ◽  
Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory

Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, located in western North Carolina, USA, is a 2,185 ha basin wherein forest climate monitoring and watershed experimentation began in the early 1930s. An extensive climate and hydrologic network has facilitated research for over 75 years. Our objectives in this paper were to describe the monitoring network, present long-term air temperature and precipitation data, and analyze the temporal variation in the long-term temperature and precipitation record. We found that over the period of record: (1) air temperatures have been increasing significantly since the late 1970s, (2) drought severity and frequency have increased with time, and (3) the precipitation distribution has become more extreme over time. We discuss the implications of these trends within the context of regional and global climate change and forest health.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends and Variability in the Uttarakhand Himalaya Using Google Earth Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Banerjee ◽  
Ruishan Chen ◽  
Michael E. Meadows ◽  
R.B. Singh ◽  
Suraj Mal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Google Earth Engine ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya ◽  
Rainy Days

This paper analyses the spatio-temporal trends and variability in annual, seasonal, and monthly rainfall with corresponding rainy days in Bhilangana river basin, Uttarakhand Himalaya, based on stations and two gridded products. Station-based monthly rainfall and rainy days data were obtained from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) for the period from 1983 to 2008 and applied, along with two daily rainfall gridded products to establish temporal changes and spatial associations in the study area. Due to the lack of more recent ground station rainfall measurements for the basin, gridded data were then used to establish monthly rainfall spatio-temporal trends for the period 2009 to 2018. The study shows all surface observatories in the catchment experienced an annual decreasing trend in rainfall over the 1983 to 2008 period, averaging 15.75 mm per decade. Analysis of at the monthly and seasonal trend showed reduced rainfall for August and during monsoon season as a whole (10.13 and 11.38 mm per decade, respectively); maximum changes were observed in both monsoon and winter months. Gridded rainfall data were obtained from the Climate Hazard Infrared Group Precipitation Station (CHIRPS) and Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR). By combining the big data analytical potential of Google Earth Engine (GEE), we compare spatial patterns and temporal trends in observational and modelled precipitation and demonstrate that remote sensing products can reliably be used in inaccessible areas where observational data are scarce and/or temporally incomplete. CHIRPS reanalysis data indicate that there are in fact three significantly distinct annual rainfall periods in the basin, viz. phase 1: 1983 to 1997 (relatively high annual rainfall); phase 2: 1998 to 2008 (drought); phase 3: 2009 to 2018 (return to relatively high annual rainfall again). By comparison, PERSIANN-CDR data show reduced annual and winter precipitation, but no significant changes during the monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons from 1983 to 2008. The major conclusions of this study are that rainfall modelled using CHIRPS corresponds well with the observational record in confirming the decreased annual and seasonal rainfall, averaging 10.9 and 7.9 mm per decade respectively between 1983 and 2008, although there is a trend (albeit not statistically significant) to higher rainfall after the marked dry period between 1998 and 2008. Long-term variability in rainfall in the Bhilangana river basin has had critical impacts on the environment arising from water scarcity in this mountainous region.

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