scholarly journals Improved model for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of soils based on the Kozeny–Carman equation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengting Wang ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
Guangli Xu ◽  
Yuhao Zheng ◽  
Xuan Kang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Surface Area Ratio ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fitted Parameter ◽  
Channel Surface ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Seepage Channel ◽  
New Formula ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The saturated hydraulic conductivity of soils is a critical concept employed in basic calculation in the geotechnical engineering field. The Kozeny–Carman equation, as a well-known relationship between hydraulic conductivity and the properties of soils, is considered to apply to sands but not to clays. To solve this problem, a new formula was established based on Hagen–Poiseuille's law. To explain the influence on the seepage channel surface caused by the interaction of soil particles and partially viscous fluid, the surface area ratio was introduced. A modified framework for determining the hydraulic radius was also proposed. Next, the relationship between the effective void ratio and the total void ratio was established for deriving the correlation of hydraulic conductivity and total void ratio. The improved equation was validated using abundant experimental results from clays, silts, and sands. According to the results, the accuracies of the proposed model with two fitted multipliers for clays, silts, and sands are 94.6, 96.6, and 100%, respectively, but with only one fitted parameter, the accuracies are 97.1, 91.5, and 100%, respectively. The proposed model can be considered to have a satisfactory capability to predict hydraulic conductivity for a wide variety of soils, ranging from clays to sands.

An Improved Model of the Internet Public Opinion Spreading on Mass Emergencies

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 1760-1764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ma ◽  
Zhong Tian Jia ◽  
Hai Yan Sun ◽  
Chuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Relationship

In the WEB2.0 environment, the report of public events will appear on the Internet as soon as they occur and attract a large number of peoples attention in a very short time. It is believed that the Internet public opinion represents the social public opinion. Hence, it is very valuable to study the relationship between the Internet public opinion and mass emergencies. In this paper, we proposed an improved effect model of the Internet public opinion spreading on mass emergencies. Different from the original model, we use variables as the parameters of the equation instead of constants and the whole mass emergency is divided into five stages. In the first two stages, the new participants proportion u(t) and the new leavers proportion v(t) holds the inequality u(t)≥v(t), and in the other stages, they hold u(t)≤v(t). Simulations show that the design of our proposed model can well fit the mass emergency development process.

Influence of relative compaction on the hydraulic conductivity of completely decomposed granite in Hong Kong

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1229-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Hua Yin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Relative Compaction ◽  
Decomposed Granite ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Completely Decomposed Granite

The relative compaction (RC) parameter is commonly used for assessment of the degree of compaction of existing fill slopes and (or) for the design and construction of new fill slopes. This technical note presents the results of an experimental study on the relationship of RC with the saturated hydraulic conductivity (ksat) of typical completely decomposed granite (CDG) in Hong Kong. The results are interpreted and discussed. Useful correlations of RC versus ksat and void ratio (e) versus ksat are obtained. It is found that the RC has a significant influence on ksat of CDG. The influence of RC is equivalent to the influence of e on ksat of the soil.

The Influence of Cognitive and Affective Reactions to Feedback on Subsequent Goals

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Ilies ◽  
Timothy A. Judge ◽  
David T. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Business School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dispositional Measure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reactions To Feedback

This paper focuses on explaining how individuals set goals on multiple performance episodes, in the context of performance feedback comparing their performance on each episode with their respective goal. The proposed model was tested through a longitudinal study of 493 university students’ actual goals and performance on business school exams. Results of a structural equation model supported the proposed conceptual model in which self-efficacy and emotional reactions to feedback mediate the relationship between feedback and subsequent goals. In addition, as expected, participants’ standing on a dispositional measure of behavioral inhibition influenced the strength of their emotional reactions to negative feedback.

scholarly journals Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation for Korean Honorific Expressions

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Yongkeun Hwang ◽  
Yanghoon Kim ◽  
Kyomin Jung
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Neural Machine Translation ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Neural machine translation (NMT) is one of the text generation tasks which has achieved significant improvement with the rise of deep neural networks. However, language-specific problems such as handling the translation of honorifics received little attention. In this paper, we propose a context-aware NMT to promote translation improvements of Korean honorifics. By exploiting the information such as the relationship between speakers from the surrounding sentences, our proposed model effectively manages the use of honorific expressions. Specifically, we utilize a novel encoder architecture that can represent the contextual information of the given input sentences. Furthermore, a context-aware post-editing (CAPE) technique is adopted to refine a set of inconsistent sentence-level honorific translations. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, honorific-labeled test data is required. Thus, we also design a heuristic that labels Korean sentences to distinguish between honorific and non-honorific styles. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms sentence-level NMT baselines both in overall translation quality and honorific translations.

scholarly journals An Attention-Based Model Using Character Composition of Entities in Chinese Relation Extraction

Information ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Han ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Wenkai Zhang ◽  
Tinglei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Named Entity Recognition ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
Entity Recognition ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Named Entity ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Crucial Part

Relation extraction is a vital task in natural language processing. It aims to identify the relationship between two specified entities in a sentence. Besides information contained in the sentence, additional information about the entities is verified to be helpful in relation extraction. Additional information such as entity type getting by NER (Named Entity Recognition) and description provided by knowledge base both have their limitations. Nevertheless, there exists another way to provide additional information which can overcome these limitations in Chinese relation extraction. As Chinese characters usually have explicit meanings and can carry more information than English letters. We suggest that characters that constitute the entities can provide additional information which is helpful for the relation extraction task, especially in large scale datasets. This assumption has never been verified before. The main obstacle is the lack of large-scale Chinese relation datasets. In this paper, first, we generate a large scale Chinese relation extraction dataset based on a Chinese encyclopedia. Second, we propose an attention-based model using the characters that compose the entities. The result on the generated dataset shows that these characters can provide useful information for the Chinese relation extraction task. By using this information, the attention mechanism we used can recognize the crucial part of the sentence that can express the relation. The proposed model outperforms other baseline models on our Chinese relation extraction dataset.

Loyalty program in Africa: risk-seeking and risk-averse adventurers

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shogo Mlozi
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Loyalty Program ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Seeking ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This article aims to test the relationship between expected attractiveness-satisfaction-loyalty for international adventure tourists visiting Tanzania. The proposed model is based on travel consumer behavior theoretical constructs extracted from the literature. Design/methodology/approach – This article aims to test the relationship between expected attractiveness-satisfaction-loyalty for international adventure tourists visiting Tanzania. The proposed model is based on travel consumer behavior theoretical constructs extracted from the literature. Findings – The findings for overall model differed from the moderating factors of high risk, low risk, first-time visit and repeat visit. Also, the results are interesting when satisfaction is tested as a mediator. Practical implications – Practitioners could consider the fact that repeat visits may change tourists’ perceptions toward destination and may even increase their inclination to take on risks. This may impact innovation of consumer products in tourism. Also, policy makers could benefit on how loyalty programs can be developed to increase performance. Originality/value – The study offers specific strategic recommendations toward different groups of tourists (i.e. first-time, repeat visitors, risk averse, risk seeking) and proposes logic for setting up a loyalty program as a long-term strategy for success.

scholarly journals The Integrated Networks Model: Explaining Resource Allocations in Network Markets

2003 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy K. Frels ◽  
Tasadduq Shervani ◽  
Rajendra K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Information Technology Professionals ◽  
Integrated Networks ◽  
Windows Nt ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Network Markets ◽  
Business Customers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Allocation Decisions

The last decade has witnessed a shift from a focus on the value created by a single firm and product to an examination of the value created by networks of firms (or product ecosystems) in which assets are comingled with external entities. The authors examine these market-based assets in the context of network markets and propose an Integrated Networks model in which three types of networks—user, complements, and producer—add value or enhance the attractiveness of the associated focal product. The authors empirically test the proposed model by surveying information technology professionals on their resource allocation decisions regarding the Unix and Windows NT operating systems. The findings suggest that the value added by these three networks is significantly and positively associated with resources allocated by business customers to competing products. The results also show that the three networks mediate the relationship between stand-alone product performance and resource allocation.

scholarly journals An Improved Approach for Reduction of Defect Density Using Optimal Module Sizes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Verma ◽  
Shishir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Density Parameter ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Module Size ◽  
Curve Fitting Method ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Effective Distribution

Nowadays, software developers are facing challenges in minimizing the number of defects during the software development. Using defect density parameter, developers can identify the possibilities of improvements in the product. Since the total number of defects depends on module size, so there is need to calculate the optimal size of the module to minimize the defect density. In this paper, an improved model has been formulated that indicates the relationship between defect density and variable size of modules. This relationship could be used for optimization of overall defect density using an effective distribution of modules sizes. Three available data sets related to concern aspect have been examined with the proposed model by taking the distinct values of variables and parameter by putting some constraint on parameters. Curve fitting method has been used to obtain the size of module with minimum defect density. Goodness of fit measures has been performed to validate the proposed model for data sets. The defect density can be optimized by effective distribution of size of modules. The larger modules can be broken into smaller modules and smaller modules can be merged to minimize the overall defect density.

Predicting the saturated hydraulic conductivity of sand and gravel using effective diameter and void ratio

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P Chapuis
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Effective Diameter ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
K Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
New Equation ◽  
Silty Soils ◽  
Sand And Gravel

This paper assesses methods to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity, k, of clean sand and gravel. Currently, in engineering, the most widely used predictive methods are those of Hazen and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC). This paper shows how the Hazen equation, which is valid only for loose packing when the porosity, n, is close to its maximum value, can be extended to any value of n the soil can take when its maximum value of n is known. The resulting extended Hazen equation is compared with the single equation that summarizes the NAVFAC chart. The predictive capacity of the two equations is assessed using published laboratory data for homogenized sand and gravel specimens, with an effective diameter d10 between 0.13 and 1.98 mm and a void ratio e between 0.4 and 1.5. A new equation is proposed, based on a best fit equation in a graph of the logarithm of measured k versus the logarithm of d102e3/(1 + e). The distribution curves of the differences “log(measured k) – log(predicted k)” have mean values of –0.07, –0.21, and 0.00 for the extended Hazen, NAVFAC, and new equations, respectively, with standard deviations of 0.23, 0.36, and 0.10, respectively. Using the values of d10 and e, the new equation predicts a k value usually between 0.5 and 2.0 times the measured k value for the considered data. It is shown that the predictive capacity of this new equation may be extended to natural nonplastic silty soils, but not to crushed soils or plastic silty soils. The paper discusses several factors affecting the inaccuracy of predictions and laboratory test results.Key words: permeability, sand, prediction, porosity, gradation curve.

Relationship between Selic rate and Basel III parameters - A statistics approach and a fuzzy forecasting model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Thiago Henrique Barbosa de Carvalho Tavares ◽  
Bruno Pérez Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo Mazoni Andrade Marçal Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Basel Iii ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Basel Accords ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Universe Of Discourse

In this work the relationship between the Selic rate and some bank parameters defined by the so-called Basel Accords is studied. The cross-correlation between the Selic rate and the parameters is used to explain how these parameters affect the Selic rate and vice-versa so as to define the predictability of the Selic rate using (some of) these parameters as inputs. A model is then proposed for predicting the Selic rate based on some specific parameters using fuzzy logic ideas, which dealt with a partitioning of the universe of discourse using clusters related to the output data distribution. The proposed model is compared to four other known models in the literature and showed to have better performance in average compared to all other models.

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