scholarly journals The removal of anionic and cationic dyes from an aqueous solution using biomass-based activated carbon

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Umairah M. Nizam ◽  
Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽  
Ebrahim Mahmoudi ◽  
Azhar A. Halim ◽  
Abdul Wahab Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Morphological Studies

AbstractIn this study, two biomass-based adsorbents were used as new precursors for optimizing synthesis conditions of a cost-effective powdered activated carbon (PAC). The PAC removed dyes from an aqueous solution using carbonization and activation by KOH, NaOH, and H2SO4. The optimum synthesis, activation temperature, time and impregnation ratio, removal rate, and uptake capacity were determined. The optimum PAC was analyzed and characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Zeta potential, and Raman spectroscopy. Morphological studies showed single-layered planes with highly porous surfaces, especially PAC activated by NaOH and H2SO4. The results showed that the experimental data were well-fitted with a pseudo-second-order model. Based on Langmuir isotherm, the maximum adsorption capacity for removing methylene blue (MB) was 769.23 mg g−1 and 458.43 mg g−1 for congo red (CR). Based on the isotherm models, more than one mechanism was involved in the adsorption process, monolayer for the anionic dye and multilayer for the cationic dye. Elovich and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models showed that rubber seed shells (RSS) has higher α values with a greater tendency to adsorb dyes compared to rubber seed (RS). A thermodynamic study showed that both dyes’ adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic due to the negative values of the enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG). The change in removal efficiency of adsorbent for regeneration study was observed in the seventh cycles, with a 3% decline in the CR and 2% decline in MB removal performance. This study showed that the presence of functional groups and active sites on the produced adsorbent (hydroxyl, alkoxy, carboxyl, and π − π) contributed to its considerable affinity for adsorption in dye removal. Therefore, the optimum PAC can serve as efficient and cost-effective adsorbents to remove dyes from industrial wastewater.

scholarly journals Modified/Unmodified Nanoparticle Adsorbents of Cellulose Origin With High Adsorptive Potential for Removal of Pb(II) From Aqueous Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
Azeh Yakubu ◽  
Gabriel Ademola Olatunji ◽  
Folahan Amoo Adekola
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Kinetics Of Adsorption ◽  
Kinetics Of

This investigation was conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity of nanoparticles of cellulose origin. Nanoparticles were synthesized by acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose/cellulose acetate using 64% H3PO4 and characterized using FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTGA, BET and SEM analysis. Adsorption kinetics of Pb (II) ions in aqueous solution was investigated and the effect of initial concentration, pH, time, adsorbent dosage and solution temperature. The results showed that adsorption increased with increasing concentration with removal efficiencies of 60% and 92.99% for Azeh2 and Azeh10 respectively for initial lead concentration of 3 mg/g. The effects of contact time showed that adsorption maximum was attained within 24h of contact time. The maximum adsorption capacity and removal efficiency were achieved at pH6. Small dose of adsorbent had better performance. The kinetics of adsorption was best described by the pseudo-second-Order model while the adsorption mechanism was chemisorption and pore diffusion based on intra-particle diffusion model. The isotherm model was Freundlich. Though, all tested isotherm models relatively showed good correlation coefficients ranging from 0.969-1.000. The adsorption process was exothermic for Azeh-TDI, with a negative value of -12.812 X 103 KJ/mol. This indicates that the adsorption process for Pb by Azeh-TDI was spontaneous. Adsorption by Azeh2 was endothermic in nature.

scholarly journals Benzene Sulfonate Modified ZnCr-LDH and Its Enhanced Adsorption Properties for Anionic Dyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Lin ◽  
Yude Zhang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Jinli Shang ◽  
Fuyao Deng
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Anionic Dyes ◽  
One Pot ◽  
High Efficient

Abstract A benzene sulfonate modified hydrotalcite (SO3-LDH) was synthesized by a facile one-pot hydrothermal technique, which can efficiently remove methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR) and orange II (OII) from aqueous solution. After modified by benzene sulfonate, the microstructure of hydrotalcite changes obviously, from the cellular structure to the stacking structure formed by the face-face contact of hydrotalcite nanosheets, which resulted in much more exchangeable nitrate ions to remain in the interlayer space. The pre-insertion of benzene sulfonate as a pillar expanded the interlayer gallery, which facilitated the pollutant anions (MO, CR and OII) into the interlayer of LDH in the subsequent adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of SO3-LDH for MO, CR and OII was 4200.8 mg/g, 1252.0 mg/g and 1670.6 mg/g respectively, which is approximately 1.86 times, 1.8 times and 2.32 times that of the pristine NO3-LDH, respectively. The removal mechanism of anionic dyes was determined as anion exchange between NO3− ions and dye molecules. The adsorption behavior for MO and OII is multilayer adsorption, while the adsorption behavior for CR is monolayer adsorption. The adsorption process mainly was controlled by the chemical bonding between the dye molecules and adsorbent active sites. The benzene sulfonate modified LDH has a great potential to be used as a high-efficient adsorbent to remove anionic dyes from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Removal of amoxicillin from aqueous solution using sludge-based activated carbon modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Kang ◽  
Yali Liu ◽  
Can Yang ◽  
Han Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Nano Titanium Dioxide

Abstract Dewatered municipal sludge was used as raw material to prepare activated carbon (SAC), and the SAC was modified by walnut shell and nano-titanium dioxide (MSAC). The results showed that the MSAC had a higher specific surface area (SBET) (279.147 m2/g) and total pore volume (VT) (0.324 cm3/g) than the SAC. Simultaneously, the functional groups such as C-O, C = O, and Ti-O-Ti on the surface of MSAC were enhanced due to modification. These physicochemical properties provided prerequisites for the diffusion and degradation of pollutants in MSAC. Furthermore, the MSAC was applied to adsorb amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solution, in batch experiments, the maximum removal rate (88.19%) was observed at an initial AMX concentration of 30 mg/L, MSAC dosage of 5.0 g/L, pH of 8, contact time of 180 min, and temperature of 25 °C. In addition, the adsorption process was well described by the Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption of AMX onto MSAC was dominated by multilayer chemisorption. Also, the adsorption thermodynamics suggested that the adsorption process of AMX onto MSAC was endothermic, feasible and spontaneous.

Application of Coagulation Systems Coupled with Adsorption on Powdered Activated Carbon to Textile Wastewater Treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciele Regina Furlan ◽  
Laís Graziela de Melo da Silva ◽  
Ayres Ferreira Morgado ◽  
Antônio Augusto Ulson de Souza ◽  
Selene Maria Arruda Guelli Ulson de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Powdered Activated Carbon ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Increased Temperature

The aim of the present study was to investigate the removal of reactive dyes, Black 5 and Orange 16, through a combined coagulation/adsorption process on activated carbon. A coconut-based powdered activated carbon was used as an adsorbent and aluminum chloride was chosen as the coagulant. In order to obtain the best removal conditions for these dyes, the influence of the following parameters were investigated: coagulant dosage, aqueous solution pH, addition of sodium chloride and the application of increased temperature plus sodium chloride. Adsorption results for the reactive dyes were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and showed good correlation. The presence of sodium chloride in the mixture resulted in significant adsorption improvement. The influence of increased temperature plus sodium chloride on the dye removal from aqueous solution showed the feasibility of adsorption and its endothermic nature. Through the reactivation experiments it was verified that the adsorbent can be reused three times, consecutively, after the first adsorption with the virgin carbon. For the final evaluation of the effluent, obtained after the coagulation and adsorption process, acute toxicity tests were carried out with Daphnia magna, and the results obtained showed that the final effluent was not toxic. The combined coagulation/adsorption process was found to be an excellent option for the removal of reactive dyes.

Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Spherical Nanocomposites Synthesized Through Immobilization of Paecilomyces lilacinus in Silica Nanoparticles Coated with Ca-Alginate

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1907-1916
Author(s):  
Xiaofang Ruan ◽  
Ruyi Li ◽  
Zhexu Ding ◽  
Jun Luo ◽  
Qilin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Alginate Beads ◽  
Paecilomyces Lilacinus ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity

In the present study, a novel microbial nanocomposite “Paecilomyces lilacinus-silica nanoparticlescalcium-alginate beads” (P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg) were synthesized and their high efficiency for removing Pb(II) ions was demonstrated in aqueous solution. P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads before and after the adsorption of Pb(II) were characterized by FT-IR, SEM-EDS, and XPS analyses. The adsorption capacity of Pb(II) by P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads was analyzed in aqueous solution. For comparison, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) by another type of microbial composites, namely, P. lilacinus-Cal-Alg beads, without addition of silica nanoparticles, was also studied in parallel. Lastly, the equilibrium data in adsorption process were examined by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to evaluate adsorption mechanism. The results showed that an excellent removal efficiency of Pb(II) in aqueous solution (85.54%) was obtained at initial concentration of 200 mg/L by using the P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads. Meanwhile, they exhibited the better adsorption capacity for Pb(II) than P. lilacinus-Cal-Alg beads. The adsorption process by P. lilacinus-SN-Cal-Alg beads was best described by the Langmuir model indicating that monolayer adsorption of Pb(II) ions takes place on the beads surfaces and showed that its maximum adsorption capacity was 282.49 mg/g.

scholarly journals Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution by Bone Char

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puqi Jia ◽  
Hongwei Tan ◽  
Kuiren Liu ◽  
Wei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Equilibration Time ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Bone Char

Bone char was prepared from bovine bone for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution. The effects of particle size, contact time, and adsorption temperature on the removal rate of methylene blue were investigated. It was found that bone char particle size had an insignificant effect. The equilibration time was found at approximately 80 min. The removal rate decreased with an increase in temperature. The intraparticle diffusion was the main rate-limiting step. The experimental data was analyzed by kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic equations. The results show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich isotherm models are true of the adsorption process. The spontaneous and exothermic ion-exchange adsorption process was certified by the negative values of free energy change and enthalpy change, and 13.29 kJ mol−1 of adsorption energy.

scholarly journals Poly (furfural-acetone) as New Adsorbent for Removal of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution: Equilibrium Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq S. Najim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Equilibrium Study ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Percent Removal

The batch removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution using poly (furfural-acetone), (PFA) as adsorbent was investigated in this study. The influences of initial Cu(II) ion concentration (10 to 120 ppm), pH (4-8) and contact time have been reported. Adsorption of Cu(II) is highly pH-dependent and the result indicate that the optimum pH for the removal was found to be 6. At this pH a small amount of PFA, 2 g/L, could remove as much as 97% of Cu(II) from a solution of initial concentration 10 ppm. It was observed that an increase in initial concentration of Cu(II) leads to decrease in percent removal of Cu(II) and increase in amount of Cu(II) adsorbed per unit mass of PFA. The adsorption process of Cu(II) is tested with four isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D-R). It was found that all models were applicable and the maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 13.66 mg/g. From the isotherm constants it was confirmed that, the sorption process was physisorption.

scholarly journals Adsorption Kinetics of Malachite Green Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution by using Banana Stem

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
K Arun Kumar ◽  
Sandeep. S,
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Malachite Green Dye ◽  
Banana Stem

This research work goals at searching the effectiveness of Malachite Green dye removal using banana stem, an agricultural waste as an activated carbon. The banana stem activated carbon was made ready in the laboratory by carbonization followed by activation. Adsorption studies were carried out to check the effect of various experimental conditions like different pH values, varying contact time, initial concentration of dye and changing banana stem carbon dosage on the removal of Malachite Green dye from aqueous solution at constant Temperature and agitation speed. The equilibrium experimental data were used for applicability of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and the kinetic models. Batch test showed that maximum of 99% of dye was removed when the dye concentration was 2 mg/L, at an adsorbent dose of 0.75 gm/L at dye pH 8 in 45 minutes. From the obtained results it is validated that the equilibrium data’s favorable for both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. Maximum adsorption capacity of banana stem carbon on malachite green dye was found to be 8.29 mg/g. It was prevailing that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. It was observed that intra particle diffusion is not the only rate-limiting step in this adsorption system but also regression results indicate that the linear regression model gives the best results. The above observations recommend that Banana stem carbon can be competently implemented for removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solution in the adsorption treatment processes.

scholarly journals Utilization of a novel activated carbon adsorbent from press mud of sugarcane industry for the optimized removal of methyl orange dye in aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Justine G. Rondina ◽  
Deanne V. Ymbong ◽  
Macvon Jovy M. Cadutdut ◽  
Jhon Ray S. Nalasa ◽  
Jonas B. Paradero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Press Mud ◽  
Methyl Orange Dye ◽  
Adsorbent Dose ◽  
Sugarcane Industry

Abstract In this study, a novel activated carbon adsorbent from the press mud of a sugarcane industry was used to remove methyl orange dye (MOD) from aqueous solution and was optimized via response surface methodology using the central composite design. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR and SEM analysis and showed the presence of functional groups such as alcohols, nitriles, amides, alkane, alkyl halides, and alkenes, and it also showed fibrous surface morphological appearance. The factors affecting MOD adsorption, such as initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time were examined, and optimal pH 2.0 to remove MOD in an aqueous solution that is found in various studies is also utilized. The results showed maximum MOD removal rate of 98.68% when the initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and contact time were optimally set as 24.17 mg/L, 0.5 g, and 20 min, respectively. The analysis of the equilibrium data revealed that MOD adsorption using press mud activated carbon best fitted the Langmuir isotherm (R2 = 0.96103) which implies monolayer adsorption process. Also, the kinetics of MOD adsorption using press mud activated carbon followed a pseudo-first-order model (R2 = 0.96096) which means that the active sites are proportional to the non-active sites during the adsorption process.

Adsorption of Cadmium from Aqueous Solution by Biomass: Comparison of Solid Pineapple Waste, Sugarcane Bagasse and Activated Carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 832 ◽  
pp. 810-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Rosmi ◽  
S. Azhari ◽  
R. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Pineapple Waste

The use of low-cost adsorbent derived from agricultural waste has been investigated for the removal of Cd (II) from aqueous solution. This research reports the feasibility of using solid pineapple waste (SPW), sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and activated carbon (AC) derived from palm kernel for the removal of Cd (II) under different experimental conditions. Batch experiments were carried out at various pH (3-12), adsorbent dosage (0.01-2 g) and contact time (15-150 min). The maximum Cd (II) removal was shown by SPW (90%) followed by SCB (55%) and AC (30%) at pH 7 with a contact time of 120 min, adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g and at 1.0 ppm of the initial concentration of Cd (II) solution. The kinetics study shows that the adsorption process fitted the pseudo-second-order-model. The experimental data was analysed by both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. It was found that the Langmuir model appears to well fit the isotherm. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir for SPW, SBC and AC were 0.3332 mg/g, 0.1865 mg/g and 0.1576 mg/g respectively. The order of Cd (II) removal by the adsorbents was SPW>SCB>AC. Thus, SPW may be an alternative adsorbent for the removal of Cd (II) ions form aqueous solution. The characterization of the SPW, SCB and AC were also carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Nitrogen Gas Adsorption Single Point Surface Area Analyzer (BET).

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