Key points in the practical implementation of greywater recycling systems. The Spanish situation in the global context

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-414
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cobacho ◽  
Miguel Martín ◽  
Cristina Palmero ◽  
Enrique Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Main Aspect ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Greywater Reuse

This paper reviews four different aspects of greywater reuse, the adoption of which is now beginning to spread in Spain. The main aspect addressed is water quality, but legal requirements, costs and the effect on reducing water needs also require analysis. These aspects are of key importance to understand the current way in which greywater reuse systems are developing and, even more importantly, for setting the conditions for future success. In relation to each aspect, the data obtained in a pilot project in Spain is compared to other foreign references.

Drinking water quality and protection of resources

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
J. Fettig
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Water ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Water Lake ◽  
Treatment Step

Abstract The structure of public water supply in Germany and the water resources used are briefly described. An overview over the legal requirements for drinking water is given, and the sources for contaminants are outlined. Then the multiple-barrier approach is discussed with respect to the resources groundwater and spring water, lake and reservoir water, and river water. Examples for treatment schemes are given and the principle of subsurface transport of river water as a first treatment step is described.

Features of Water Function Zoning of the Surface Water in Sichuan Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 221-229
Author(s):  
Rui Kun Cai ◽  
Fu Quan Ni ◽  
Yu Deng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Wastewater Discharge ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

In this study, based on the water function zoning and the related analyses on the current situations and tendency of the pollutions on water environments in Sichuan province, concluded that the primary cause responsible for the deterioration of water resources is the discharge of agriculture wastewater, and the strengthening of agricultural production management as well as the reduction of the agricultural wastewater discharge are the key points to alleviate the water-quality deterioration.

scholarly journals Developing a standard methodology for testing field performance of residential greywater reuse systems: case study of a greywater reuse system installed in 23 homes in Southern Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Jean Craig
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Reuse System ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Using shower wastewater to flush toilets decreases the potable water demand of residential buildings, reducing pressure on existing water supplies. “Off- the-shelf” greywater reuse systems intended for single-family residential dwellings have recently become commercially available, but have variable field performance. A standard field testing methodology was developed and applied to a greywater reuse system installed in 23 homes in Southern Ontario. Performance was quantified by measuring the water balance, water quality, energy consumption, durability, maintenance requirements, installation process, economics and user satisfaction with the system. The tested system was found to save, on average, 40.9 litres per household per day, occasionally meet water quality guidelines and generally have less maintenance and durability issues than previous generations, resulting in satisfied users. However, due to low water rates and high capital costs, there is a need for government subsidization of these systems which will ultimately, reduce pressure placed on centralized water infrastructure.

scholarly journals THE MAIN APPROACHES TO THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE PROCESSES OF STORAGE, ACCESS AND DATA PROTECTION OF GENOME SEQUENCING IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Issues of Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
T.G. Suranova ◽  
◽  
S.S. Zenin ◽  
G.N. Suvorov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
Storage Processes

The development of a general concept of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome-wide sequencing in Russia should be based on the principles and laws formed not only at the level of international documents, but also the experience of leading countries in this field. In view of the fact that there are no completely identical national legal systems, the absence of universal recipes for the reception of certain legal institutions should be recognized. Analysis of the practical implementation of various approaches and legal techniques used to solve problems in this area will help to avoid mistakes and form key points for creating an optimal model of rational lawmaking, suggest approaches, methods and techniques of regulatory impact that can later be used in domestic legal system

scholarly journals The Impact of Marketing Mix and Market Orientation on Export Performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Kayani . ◽  
Faisal Haroon . ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Khan .
Keyword(s):  
Market Orientation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Marketing Mix ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
Size Information ◽  
Future Success ◽  
The Impact

The study focuses on the marketing mix and market orientation on export performance due to the significance of foreign businesses. Theory posits that marketing mix and market orientation have a positive impact on export performance. Although the paper is conceptual base and the model proposed is required to check their reliability that firm with size, information system, and commitment with availability of market mix and market orientation formally. However, with the modification of technology enhances the export performance in a better way. The authors concluded that the practical implementation of export’s marketing strategies identically facilitated the companies for future success.

scholarly journals LEGISLATIVE PROVISION OF PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCESSION RELATIONS IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Seroklyn
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Significant Potential ◽  
Legislative Support ◽  
Concession Projects

The article analyzes the legislative support for the implementation of the concession in the development of the national economy. Emphasis is placed on the importance of deepening the understanding of the essence of the concession. It is emphasized that the problem of investing in the restoration and development of most industries, housing and communal services, infrastructure, the communal sector of the economy, and mining is exacerbated for the national economy. It is due to the intensification of interaction between private business and the state on the basis of the contractual mechanism of the concession that it is possible to implement a system of measures to stimulate effective cooperation between the state and business. The basic normative-legal bases of regulation of concession activity are defined. The main content of the Law of Ukraine on Concessions is analyzed in order to identify the main positive changes in its practical use. The main directions of positive changes in the legislative regulation of concession activities are highlighted. Among the main positive aspects that affect the intensification of concession activities in the country are: changing the view of the concession, the separation of public-private partnership and concession, the formation of requirements for concessionaire status, determining the procedure and procedure for concession, requirements for state support of concession projects. It is emphasized that there are some omissions in the legislative support of the concession. The analysis of the legislative support of concession activities allows us to emphasize the significant potential of this form of PPP to attract private capital in the development of state and municipal property. In addition, the legal requirements for the practical use of the concession indicate sufficient potential for the development of concession activities in Ukraine and the availability of appropriate legal support to maximize the benefits of concession projects. Options for their settlement are proposed to prevent abuse by partners in the implementation of the concession agreement.

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