Irrigation scheduling under water shortage: investigation of scion-rootstock of peach and water deficit combinations

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ghrab ◽  
Mohamed Moncef Masmoudi ◽  
Mehdi Ben Mimoun ◽  
Netij Ben Mechlia
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Initial Development

Adequate choice of variety, rootstock and irrigation techniques could be, together, sources of improvement of water use. A field experiment was carried out in northern Tunisia on two drip irrigated peach varieties grafted on two rootstocks. Two deficit levels, mild DI1 and severe DI2, were applied. Phenological survey allowed determination of the crop growth stages: initial, development, mid- and late-season. The average lengths of these crop stages were 32, 43, 49 and 136 days for early variety and 33, 49, 63, and 105 days for mid-season variety, respectively. Mean value of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for the four growth stages was respectively 31, 115, 211 and 420 mm for early variety and 40, 128, 311 and 300 mm for mid-season variety. ETc was restricted with low ground cover to 25, 85, 150 and 280 mm. Tree development, yield and water needs were affected by water status, rootstock and climatic conditions. Threshold values of Ψstem of −1.5 and −2.0 MPa could be considered for mild and severe deficit irrigation. The water use of the soil water seemed to be more efficient with vigorous rootstock under mild deficit. Under extreme watering conditions, rootstock effects were negligible. Lack of chilling affected tree growth inducing reduced water requirements.

scholarly journals Determination of Crop Co-efficient Values for Jute (Corchorus olitorius L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Milla ◽  
AR Akanda ◽  
SK Biswas ◽  
MA Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Fiber Yield

Site specific calibration of crop coefficient (Kc) values is essential for irrigation scheduling of any crop. In order to determine the values of Kc for jute, an experiment was conducted at the Irrigation and Water Management Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur. An improved jute variety BJRI Tosa-2 (O-9897) was used in this experiment. The study examined growth and yield of the jute in terms of four irrigation treatments distributed over 7-28 days intervals. The treatments were so designed that drainage was allowed between the consecutive irrigations. Irrigation at 14days interval produced the highest dry fiber yield (3.93 t/ha) and was considered to be suitable for estimating seasonal crop evapotranspiration and Kc values. The seasonal crop ET was 549.13 mm under this treatment. The Kc values of jute at initial, development, mid-season and late season stages were found to be 0.72, 1.39, 1.26 and 0.46, respectively. As there is no FAO-recommended Kc value for this crop, this locally calibrated values can be used for similar climatic conditions of Bangladesh and elsewhere. Therefore, based on Kc value, it can be recommended that jute can be irrigated by equal amount of water needed for crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for different growth stages (141.05, 142.57, 167.34, and 84.30 mm) to get maximum dry fiber yield. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 115-122

scholarly journals Inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus improves photosynthesis and water-use efficiency in soybean production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
C. E. N. Savala ◽  
A. N. Wiredu ◽  
J. O. Okoth ◽  
S. Kyei-Boahen
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Soybean yield within the Southern Africa falls below its potential despite similar climatic conditions across some agroecologies, replicable agronomic management practices and introduced improved varieties. Understanding physiological processes and water-use efficiency (WUE) of soybean offer information on bridging this yield gap. A field study was conducted in 2017 and 2018 seasons in two agroecologies (Angonia and Ruace) in Mozambique to evaluate the effects of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens strain USDA110 formerly known as Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant, nitrogen and phosphorus on nodulation, physiology and yield of non-promiscuous (Safari) and promiscuous (TGx 1740-2F) soybean varieties. Data on transpiration, photosynthesis, leaf area index, radiation interception and WUE from the beginning of flowering to maturity were collected. Transpiration rate varied considerably with interaction between locations, growth stages, varieties and treatments. At podding, phosphorus-treated soybean at Angonia transpired less (6.3 mmol/m2/s) than check plants (6.6 mmol/m2/s). Photosynthesis rate and WUE were distinct with variety, growth stages and inputs within agroecologies. For instance, in Angonia 2018 season, phosphorus fertilized TGx 1740-2F photosynthesized more at flowering (25.3 μmol/m2/s) while the lowest was phosphorus-treated Safari at podding with 17.2 μmol/m2/s. At the same site in 2017, inoculated soybean photosynthesized more at 22.8 μmol/m2/s leading to better WUE of 3.6 that corresponded to 2894 kg/ha yield. Overall, soybean WUE was higher when inoculated than N-treated, while P application yielded better. Results from this study will complement breeders’ effort in developing phosphorus efficient varieties suited for a wide range of changing climatical conditions.

scholarly journals Geophysical Quantification of Water Percolation Quotient in an Alluvial Agricultural Soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Florence Cassel ◽  
Shankar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Planning ◽  
Water Percolation ◽  
Geophysical Surveys

Efficient water use planning is crucial for the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in California, where alluvial geological materials with indigenous salts impinge on crop growth. To facilitate irrigation scheduling and cultivation planning, it is necessary to determine water percolation quotients (WPQ) required for removal of excess salts from the rhizosphere. In order to estimate real-time WPQ, we conducted electromagnetic geophysical surveys at a saline farmland followed by stochastic computations. Results showed a wide variability in salinity that reached 16 dS m-1 in some locations. About 95% of the surveyed samples surpassed 2 dS m-1. Despite spatially dependent asymmetric variability and skewness (-0.13 to 1.90), the WPQ distribution patterns were consistently quantified with low errors (< 0.06). The sensor responses in the fields reached 100% cumulative frequency at a threshold of 13.6 dS m-1. Up to 49% of WPQ data ranged from 0.1 to 0.2. The WPQ decreased with increasing salinity and the zones with low quotient values represented areas where plant growth could be impaired. High WPQ levels demarcated zones with potential solute dissolution and dispersion. Overall, evaluation of WPQ can benefit irrigation planning and crop management practices while enhancing water use efficiency for agricultural production in farms that have been affected by drought and water shortage, and crop growth can be sustained at WPQ level that maintains salts below the crop tolerance threshold.

Estimation of Site-specific Crop Coefficients for Major Crops of Lalgudi Block in Tamil Nadu using Remote Sensing based Algorithms

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
J Ramachandran ◽  
R Lalitha ◽  
S. Vallal Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Crop Coefficients

Crop coefficient (Kc ) is an important parameter in estimating the crop water requirements during different crop growth stages. The Kc values for a particular crop are highly site and region-specific and need to be precisely determined for each agro-climatic region for better irrigation scheduling and improved water and crop productivity. The site-specific crop coefficients for paddy, sugarcane, and banana cultivated in Lalgudi block, Tiruchirapalli District, Tamil Nadu, India, were estimated using two remote sensing-based methods viz. NDVI-Kc linear regression technique and SEBAL actual evapotranspiration to reference evapotranspiration ratio approach (SEBAL-Kc ). The Kc values obtained by remote sensing methods were compared with FAO-56 Adjusted Kc (ClimAdj-Kc ) for local climatic conditions and FAO-56 tabulated reference Kc values (FAOTab-Kc ). Regression analysis revealed a good agreement between NDVI-Kc and ClimAdj-Kc for paddy (R2 =0.95), banana (R2 =0.93), and sugarcane (R2 =0.79). Compared to FAO56-Kc, the derived Kc values using NDVI-Kc were higher, while the SEBAL-Kc values were lower for all growth stages of paddy. For sugarcane crops, the FAO-56 Kc, NDVI-Kc, and ClimAdj-Kc for local climate were almost similar in all stages. In the case of bananas, NDVI-Kc and SEBAL-Kc were higher as compared to the FAO-56-Kc and ClimAdj-Kc. SEBAL approach performs well as it accounted for local climatic conditions and crop canopy changes, whereas NDVI considered only crop canopy. However, the SEBAL method is computationally intensive as compared to the NDVI-Kc method. The Kc values estimated in this study can be important in quantifying the crop evapotranspiration at regional and field scales, leading to better decision-making in irrigation scheduling.

Combination of indicators for increasing irrigation sustainability. Definition of a Hydrosustainable Index.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Galindo ◽  
Mireia Corell ◽  
María Jose Martín-Palomo ◽  
Teresa Carrillo ◽  
Ignacio Girón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Different Levels

&lt;p&gt;The scarcity of natural resources around the world has obligated to consider the concept of sustainability in all human activities. Agriculture is not an exception, it is the activity where sustainability is more important, mainly in irrigated orchards. Sustainable water uses are commonly associated with a low water footprint. Water footprint works conclude that the main differences are in the water management at the orchard level. The olive orchard is located at an arid, water scarce location where irrigation water needs are very high and therefore the water footprint. However, an efficient, sustainable water use could be performed in these situations. The aim of this work is the design of an index (Hydrosustainable index, HydroSOS) to estimate the olive grower&amp;#8217;s effort at orchard level for improving the sustainability of irrigated olive groves. HydroSOS marks a wide range of field activities link to irrigation management. All these are grouped into hydraulic and agronomic components. Each component has different levels and marks according to its relation to the increase in water sustainability. Irrigation scheduling components are the most valued in the index, though others such as water use efficiency, irrigation system, or soil management are also included.&amp;#160; Four different levels are considered in relation to the final mark. HydroSOS is designed as a dynamic index to improve the objectivity in the evaluation of grower&amp;#8217;s effort in irrigation optimization. Two cases of study are presented in two superhigh density olive orchards. Although both orchards are very similar in applied water and climatic conditions, HydroSOS index separated in two very different classifications.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Agronomic Basis and Strategies for Precision Water Management: A Review

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Neupane ◽  
Wenxuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Climate Conditions

Agriculture faces the challenge of feeding a growing population with limited or depleting fresh water resources. Advances in irrigation systems and technologies allow site-specific application of irrigation water within the field to improve water use efficiency or reduce water usage for sustainable crop production, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper discusses recent development of variable-rate irrigation (VRI) technologies, data and information for VRI application, and impacts of VRI, including profitability using this technology, with a focus on agronomic factors in precision water management. The development in sprinkler systems enabled irrigation application with greater precision at the scale of individual nozzle control. Further research is required to evaluate VRI prescription maps integrating different soil and crop characteristics in different environments. On-farm trials and whole-field studies are needed to provide support information for practical VRI applications. Future research also needs to address the adjustment of the spatial distribution of prescription zones in response to temporal variability in soil water status and crop growing conditions, which can be evaluated by incorporating remote and proximal sensing data. Comprehensive decision support tools are required to help the user decide where to apply how much irrigation water at different crop growth stages to optimize water use and crop production based on the regional climate conditions and cropping systems.

scholarly journals Crop coefficient of a popular potato variety in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
AR Akanda ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
AJ Mila
Keyword(s):  
Potato Variety ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) values of potato (variety: BARI Alu -7, Diamant) at different growth stages were determined through lysimeter method at Irrigation and Water Management Division of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur during 2008 - 2009. The study was conducted by applying irrigation at 25 and 40 days after planting (DAP) allowing drainage (AD) (T1), at 25, 40, and 55 DAP AD (T2), at 25, 40, and 60 DAP AD (T3), and at 25, 40, 55, and 60 DAP AD (T4) within and adjacent of four lysimeter tanks. Irrigation at 25, 40, and 55 DAP produced the highest tuber yield and was considered to be suitable for estimating seasonal ETc, and Kc values. The seasonal highest ETc was found to be 162 mm. The Kc values of 0.25, 0.62, 0.70 and 0.18 were determined at initial, development, midseason and late season stages of potato. These values differed slightly from the FAO recommended values. As the lysimeter provides control environment, the Kc values determined by this method are most dependable and recommended for estimating ETc of potato in semi-arid climatic conditions of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 42(1): 67-76, March 2017

scholarly journals Crop Water Use and Irrigation Scheduling Guide for North Florida

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Charles Barrett ◽  
De Broughton ◽  
Thomas Obreza
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Schedule ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Crop Water Demand ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
The Right

Effective irrigation scheduling enables the irrigator to apply the right amount of water at the right time to meet the crop water demand. This 19-page guide presents information on average daily and weekly crop water use and crop growth stages for twelve north Florida crops that can be used to help schedule irrigation. This will allow a grower to develop a realistic irrigation schedule that minimizes plant water stress, saves water, and reduces nutrient leaching potential. Written by Vivek Sharma, Charles Barrett, De Broughton, and Thomas Obreza, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Soil and Water Sciences, revised December 2020.

scholarly journals Water Stress Patterns of Xerophytic Plants in an Urban Landscape

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Martinson ◽  
John Lambrinos ◽  
Ricardo Mata-González
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Xylem Water Potential

Efficient water use in urban landscapes is a common objective throughout the western United States. Vegetative species promoted for their drought tolerance characteristics are often included in landscapes designed for resource conservation. However, water requirements of most common landscape species have not been quantified. This is especially true for xerophytic species. This lack of landscape plant water requirement data is a significant constraint on the design of efficient irrigation systems and management practices affecting urban landscape water use. Current irrigation practices often fail to consider the unique physiology of xerophytic species, and irrigation scheduling models may not be appropriate for xeric landscapes using xerophytic vegetation as the primary method of reducing water use. This work describes the seasonal patterns of growth and xylem water status for four regionally native xeric shrub species planted in an unirrigated urban landscape in the semi-arid environment of central Oregon. The four species (Artemisia tridentata, Holodiscus microphyllus, Ericameria nauseosa, and Ribes cereum) exhibited substantial growth over the course of 18 months without irrigation in a heavily modified urban soil profile. Water potential of the four species was strongly correlated with surface (10 cm) soil moisture (r ≥ 0.90), less so with reference monthly evapotranspiration (r ≤ 0.55), and only weakly with water vapor deficit (r ≤ 0.22). In A. tridentata and H. microphyllus, xylem water potential became more negative during the growing season and tracked the seasonal decline in soil moisture. In contrast, the xylem water potential of E. nauseosa and R. cereum tracked soil moisture early in the season but became less responsive to soil moisture in the driest months, suggesting different drought adaptation strategies in these species. Three of the four species showed no visual signs of drought stress and maintained acceptable aesthetics even as soil moisture decreased to less than 10%. However, R. cereum exhibited a drought dormancy strategy that made it less aesthetically desirable. These results suggest that extreme xerophytic shrubs provide an opportunity for significant reductions in water use in urban landscapes.

Using a Remote Sensing data based toolkit to monitor vine water use and water status for real time irrigation scheduling in California vineyards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mar Alsina ◽  
Kyle Knipper ◽  
Martha Anderson ◽  
WIlliam Kustas ◽  
Nicolas Bambach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Pilot Experiment ◽  
Sensing Data

&lt;p&gt;Grapevines are one of the major drivers of agriculture in California, representing a production equivalent to $6.25 billion in 2018. Water is scarce, and increasingly intense and prolonged drought periods, like one that recently occurred in the 2012-2016 period, may happen with greater frequency. Consequently, there is a need to develop irrigation management decision tools to help growers maximize water use while maintaining productivity. Furthermore, grapevines are deficit irrigated, and a correct management of the vine water status during the season is key to achieve the target yield and quality. Traditionally, viticulturists use visual clues and/or leaf level indicators of vine water status to regulate the water deficit along the season. However, these methods are time-consuming and only provide discrete data that do not represent the often-high spatial variability of vineyards. &amp;#160;Remote sensing techniques may represent a fast real-time decision-making tool for irrigation management, able to extensively cover multiple vineyards with low human or economic investments.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;While growers currently calculate the vine water demands using the reference evapotranspiration from a weather station located in the region and a crop coefficient, usually from literature, they don't have any means to measure or estimate the actual water used by the vines. Knowing the actual evapotranspiration (ET) in real-time and at a sub-field scale would provide essential information to monitor vine water status and adjust the irrigation amounts to the real water needs. The aim of the GRAPEX (Grape Remote sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment) project, has been to provide growers with an irrigation toolkit that integrates the spatial distribution of vine water use and water status. The project focuses on grapevines, but it will be easily extrapolated to orchards and other crop types.&lt;br&gt;We present the results of a pilot experiment where we applied the scientific developments of the GRAPEX project into a practical tool that growers can use for irrigation management. We run this pilot experiment over 6 commercial grapevine blocks, located in Cloverdale, Sonoma, CA. During the 2019 growing season, we provided the viticulturists with weekly maps of actual ET calculated using the DisALEXI model, Sentinel-2 Normalized Difference Vegetation and Normalized Vegetation Water Indices as well as local weather data, forecasted ET and soil moisture. The data were delivered weekly in a dashboard, including spatial and tabular views, as well as an irrigation recommendation derived from the past week's vine water use and water status data. Along with the remote sensing data, we took periodic measurements of leaf area index, leaf water potential, and gas exchange to evaluate the irrigation practices. We compared the irrigation prescription based on the provided data with the grower's practices. The total season irrigation ranged between 70 and 120 mm depending on the block, and our irrigation recommendations deviated between 10 and 30 mm from the growers' practices, also depending on the block. This analyzes the performance of the ET toolkit in assisting irrigation scheduling for improving water use efficiency of the vineyard blocks.&lt;/p&gt;

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