scholarly journals Investigation of humic acids concentration in different seasons in a raw water canal, Bangkok, Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1727-1738
Author(s):  
K. Tungsudjawong ◽  
S. Leungprasert ◽  
P. Peansawang
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Water Canal ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This study presents an overview of the changes in humic acids, which are disinfection by-product precursors in a raw water canal, Bangkok, Thailand, during different seasons. Fluorescence excitation–emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy was employed to characterize and quantify spatial and seasonal variations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along a raw water canal of the Metropolitan Waterworks Authority (MWA) Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 276 raw water samples were collected from 23 stations during the winter, summer and rainy season. Results indicate that hydrophobic fractions made up the majority of DOM and this water source also had high specific UV absorbance (SUVA). Seasonal variation of DOM was found to be more pronounced than geographical variation along the canal. The presence of humic substances was the highest in the rainy season due to rainfall and surface runoff, while soluble microbial by-product-like substances were found only in summer. The results provide an insight into the prediction of humic acids in source water, which benefits the MWA in being aware of seasonal variation in water quality.

scholarly journals Algal flora of Rajarani Lake, Dhankuta and their seasonal distribution

Our Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Govinda Shrestha ◽  
Shiva Kumar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Ankistrodesmus Falcatus ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Aulacoseira Granulata

In this paper, a total 46 algae belonging to 34 genera and 3 classes (Chlorophyceae 54%, Bacillariophyceae 28%, Cyanophyceae 18%) have been reported from Rajarani Lake, Dhankuta, Nepal. Among these, 13 algae were reported as new to the country. Genera Ankistrodesmus, Closterium, and Desmodesmus had maximum number of species whereas 25 genera were represented by single species. Seasonal variation of algae showed that there was changing number and type of algae with physicochemical parameters in different seasons. Cyanophycean algae Microcystis flos-aque was dominant and observed in all sites in every collection of winter, summer and rainy seasons, and followed by bacillariophyceaean algae i.e., Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima. The maximum number of algae was found in summer (59%) followed by winter (50%) and rainy (31%) seasons. There were 6 common algae found in all season’s viz. Ankistrodesmus falcatus, Aulacoseira granulata var. angustissima, Flagilaria tenera, Microcystis flos-aquae, Navicula radiosa and Oedogonium sp. Algae viz., Anabaena affinis, Cyclotella meneghiana, Pinnularia divergens, Pinnularia interrupta, Tetrastrum heteracanthum, and Ulothrix subtilissima were found only in winter season whereas, Aulacoseirsa granulata var. muzzanensis, Bolbochaete sp, Closterium striolatum, Cylindrospermum muscicola, Desmodesmus abundans, Desmodesmous quadricauda var.bicaudatus, Eunotia bilunaris, Gomphonema lacusrankaloides and Gomphonema pseudoaugur were observed only in summer. Similarly, Aphanocapsa pulchra, Oscillatoria sancta and Pediastrum duplex var. gracillimum were reported only in rainy season.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter in an Affected Pollution Raw Water Source using an Excitation-Emission Matrix and PARAFAC

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rangga Sururi ◽  
◽  
Mila Dirgawati ◽  
Dwina Roosmini ◽  
Suprihanto Notodarmodjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
Excitation Emission Matrix

Cikapundung River is the main raw water source for 2-millions inhabitants of Bandung city but has been severely deteriorated due to organic pollution such as cattle manure, domestic, and agriculture wastes. Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in raw water can influence the process of water treatment. This study characterized and identified the origins of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) in Cikapundung River. Raw water samples were collected from intake outlets during dry and rainy seasons and analyzed using Fluorescence Excitation Emission Matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor (PARAFAC). FDOM origins were identified by Fluorescence-Index (FI) while autochthonous process contribution in water body was determined by Biological-Index (BIX). Chromophoric DOM as UV absorbance at 254 nm (A254) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were also measured. The FI were 1.82 (dry season) and 1.77 (rainy season), and the BIX were 0.92 (dry season) and 0.65 (rainy season). PARAFAC identified three compounds: water contaminant-like (C1), humic-like (C2) and tryptophan-like (C3) compounds. C2 was predominantly present in the rainy season with a C3/C2 ratio of 0.33. In the dry season, C3 increased substantially with a C3/C2 of 1.60. Strong correlation between C1 and C3 (R=0.86) was evidence that contaminant-like and tryptophan-like compounds were from the same anthropogenic sources. Strong correlation with A254 may indicate these identified compounds are aromatics.

Review of fundamentals and specific aspects of oxidation technologies in marine waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kornmueller
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Process Design ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Processes ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Oxidation Processes

This review is based on the existing literature and on our experiences in the application of different oxidation processes in brackish water and seawater. The oxidation reactions of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) are considerably different in marine waters from well-known drinking, process and wastewater applications. In contrast, the major secondary oxidants are bromine species in marine waters, which might form the DBPs of concern bromate and bromoform. An efficient AOP application needs knowledge of the source water constitutions and the oxidant demand. Besides changes in the oxidants chemistry compared to fresh water, the great and seasonal variation of marine waters has to be considered in the process design. The complexity of oxidant reactions and formation of byproducts are only partially researched and known as yet. Hence, it is advisable to determine the characteristic and variation of the water source as well as its influence on each AOP in experiments prior to the process design.

Aplikasi metode tahanan jenis dalam studi geologi karst Gua Seropan di Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Pulung A. Pranantya ◽  
Nurlia Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Resistivity Method ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Initial Exploration

In terms of geology, most areas in south of the Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the existence of underground river in caves, however, indicate the potential amount of water within the area, especially in the eastern part of the Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermen have discovered that Seropan cave contains fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using a multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The isopach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results, i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL. [DY1][PP2][DY1]Perbaiki grammarIn terms of geology, most areas in south of Gunungkidul District in Central Java consist of the Wonosari formation limestone. The land is generally very dry and source of raw water is also difficult to reach. Findings on the exixtence of underground river in caves, however, indicate potential amount of water within the area especially in eastern part of Gunungkidul District. Although limited information available, some fishermans has discovered that Seropan cave contain fresh water source. This cave is situated at 65 m below the cliff. Initial exploration, which done using multichannel resistivity method, confirmed the availability of freshwater in the cave and underground river. The iso pach of cave depth is found in ranges of 80 200 m below the ground surface. The water of Seropan cave can be utilized by implementing pipeline or by drilling at the suggested point based on the interpretation results i.e. 110o2223.6388 EL 8o42.874 SL.[PP2]Sudah diperbaiki

Влияние экологического состояния водоисточника на режим работы водопроводных очистных сооружений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bykova ◽  
I. Egorova ◽  
A. Strelkov ◽  
L. Talovyria ◽  
O. Nesterenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Water Abstraction ◽  
The City

При изучении качества воды источника водоснабжения г. Самары Саратовского водохранилища особое внимание было уделено основным показателям, влияющим на выбор реагентной обработки: мутность, перманганатная окисляемость и цветность. Сезонные изменения качества воды водохранилища требуют постоянной корректировки дозы реагентов с целью достижения нормативных требований к качеству очищенной воды. Приводятся результаты производственных исследований изменения качества воды Саратовского водохранилища в створе водозаборов г. Самары за 20172019 годы по мутности, перманганатной окисляемости и цветности. В связи с аномальными температурными перепадами и наступлением осеннего паводка (конец декабря 2019 г. и январь 2020 г.) резко изменилось качество воды водохранилища по цветности и перманганатной окисляемости. Отмечено, что увеличение указанных показателей потребовало повышения дозы реагентов при очистке исходной воды. Оптимальная доза реагентов постоянно коректируется в зависимости от состава исходной воды на флокуляторе Lovibond ЕТ-750 . Регулярное проведение пробного коагулирования позволило поддерживать качество очищенной воды в соответствии с нормативными требованиями СанПиН 2.1.4.1074-01 Питьевая вода. Контроль качества , кроме цветности и железа общего, так как превышение этих показателей наблюдалось в пределах погрешности методов измерения.While studying the water quality of the water source of the city of Samara the Saratov water reservoir, special attention was paid to the main indicators that influence the choice of chemical treatment: turbidity, permanganate index and color. Seasonal changes in the water quality of the water reservoir require constant adjustment of the chemical dose in order to meet the regulatory requirements to the quality of treated water. The results of the studies of changes in the water quality of the Saratov reservoir at the water abstraction points of the city of Samara for 20172019 by turbidity, permanganate index and color are presented. Due to the abnormal temperature differences and onset of autumn flood (end of December 2019 and January 2020), the water quality in the water reservoir dramatically changed in color and permanganate index. It was noted that an increase in these indicators required an increase in the dose of chemicals during the source water purification. The optimal dose of chemicals is selected with Lovibond ET-750 flocculator depending on the composition of the source water. Regular test coagulation allowed maintaining the quality of purified water in accordance with the regulatory requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01 Drinking water. Quality control , except for color and total iron since the values of these indicators were increased within the measurement accuracy.

Divergent responses of diverse microalgae commonly found in drinking water source water to UV-C treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Roszell ◽  
Po-Shun Chan ◽  
Brian Petri ◽  
Ted Mao ◽  
Kathleen Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Uv C

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Kaurenoic Acid, a Hypoglycemic Diterpene Present in Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) (Asteraceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisiane Faccio V. Bresciania ◽  
Rosendo Augusto Yunes ◽  
Cristiani Bürger ◽  
Luis Eduardo De Oliveira ◽  
Kauê Leal Bóf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Hypoglycemic Diterpene

We evaluated the variation of the concentration of kaurenoic acid (1), which is a bioactive diterpene, in leaves, flowers, stems and roots from Wedelia paludosa (Acmela brasiliensis) for different seasons using the HRGC/FID method. The results indicated that the concentration of 1 is higher in the roots and stems during the autumn. The pharmacological results suggested that kaurenoic acid is responsible, at least in part, for the hypoglycemic potential detected in this plant.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation of Rainy and Dry Season Per Capita Water Consumption in Freetown City Sierra Leone

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Salmatta Ibrahim A ◽  
Fayyaz Ali Memon ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
End Use

Ensuring a sustainable urban water supply for developing/low-income countries requires an understanding of the factors affecting water consumption and technical evidence of individual consumption which can be used to design an improved water demand projection. This paper compared dry and rainy season water sources available for consumption and the end-use volume by each person in the different income groups. The study used a questionnaire survey to gather household data for a total of 398 households, which was analysed to develop the relationship between per capita water consumption characteristics: Socio-economic status, demographics, water use behaviour around indoor and outdoor water use activities. In the per capita water consumption patterns of Freetown, a seasonal variation was found: In the rainy season, per capita water consumption was found to be about 7% higher than the consumption for the full sample, whilst in the dry season, per capita water consumption was almost 14% lower than the full survey. The statistical analysis of the data shows that the average per capita water consumption for both households increases with income for informal slum-, low-, middle- and high-income households without piped connection (73, 78, 94 and 112 L/capita/day) and with connection (91, 97, 113 and 133 L/capita/day), respectively. The collected data have been used to develop 20 statistical models using the multiple linear stepwise regression method for selecting the best predictor variable from the data set. It can be seen from the values that the strongest significant relationships of per capita consumption are with the number of occupants (R = −0.728) in the household and time spent to fetch water for use (R = −0.711). Furthermore, the results reveal that the highest fraction of end use is showering (18%), then bathing (16%), followed by toilet use (14%). This is not in agreement with many developing countries where toilet use represents the largest component of indoor end use.

scholarly journals Ultramicro Analysis of Odorous Materials by Massfragmentography in Raw Water Source of Water Supply

1978 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
YOSHITERU TSUCHIYA ◽  
TOSHIHIKO OKAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Raw Water

scholarly journals Intensified Interspecific Competition for Water after Afforestation with Robinia pseudoacacia into a Native Shrubland in the Taihang Mountains, Northern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Wanrui Zhu ◽  
Wenhua Li ◽  
Peili Shi ◽  
Jiansheng Cao ◽  
Ning Zong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Water Competition ◽  
Seasonal Water Use

Understanding how soil water source is used spatiotemporally by tree species and if native species can successfully coexist with introduced species is crucial for selecting species for afforestation. In the rocky mountainous areas of the Taihang Mountains, alien Robinia pseudoacacia L. has been widely afforested into the native shrublands dominated by Ziziphus jujuba Mill var. spinosa and Vitex negundo L. var. heterophylla to improve forest coverage and soil nutrients. However, little is known about the water relation among species, especially seasonal water use sources in different microsites. We selected the soil and plant xylem samples of two opposite microtopographic sites (ridge and valley) monthly in the growth season to analyze isotope composition. The proportions of water sources were quantified by the MixSIAR model and compared pairwise between species, microsites and seasons. We found that deep subsoil water at a depth of 40–50 cm contributed up to 50% of the total water uptake for R. pseudoacacia and Z. jujuba in the growing season, indicating that they stably used deeper soil water and had intense water competition. However, V. negundo had a more flexible water use strategy, which derived more than 50% of the total water uptake from the soil layer of 0–10 cm in the rainy season, but majorly captured soil water at a depth of 30–50 cm in the dry season. Therefore, high niche overlaps were shown in V. negundo with the other two species in the dry season, but niche segregation was seen in the rainy season. The microtopographic sites did not shift the seasonal dynamic of the water source use patterns of the three studied species, but the water use niche overlap was higher in the valley than in the ridge. Taken together, the introduced species R. pseudoacacia intensified water competition with the native semi-arbor species Z. jujuba, but it could commonly coexist with the native shrub species V. negundo. Therefore, our study on seasonal water use sources in different microsites provides insight into species interaction and site selection for R. pseudoacacia afforestation in the native shrub community in rocky mountainous areas. It is better to plant R. pseudoacacia in the shrubland in the valley so as to avoid intense water competition and control soil erosion.

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