Japan's Aqua Renaissance '90 Project

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji Kimura
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Cost Treatment

Aqua Renaissance' 90 is a six year R & D project for water reuse and energy recovery supported by the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry. The objective is to develop low cost treatment processes utilizing bioreactors coupled with membrane separation units to produce reusable water from industrial waste water and sewage. Polymeric and ceramic membranes in capillary, hollow fiber, tubular and plate and frame modules have been tested in conjunction with bioreactors on a number of actual waste water and sewage streams. This paper will focus on membrane performance and power consumption. Recent results from test plant operation indicate that treatment of concentrated waste water by membrane separation units uses less than a third of the conventional power requirement.

scholarly journals Natural and Modified Clays for the Removal of Cationic Dye from Water

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 562-579
Author(s):  
Asma Behilil ◽  
Driss Lancene ◽  
Brahim Zahraoui ◽  
Meriem Belhachemi ◽  
Houcine Benmehdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cationic Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Bet Theory

Abstract Research and scientific work continue to develop low-cost treatment processes in terms of improving water quality and environmental protection. Oxide of zinc supported in natural clay is synthesized by impregnated method. The role of this modification is to increase the adsorption capacity of a basic dye (Methylene Blue) compared with calcined and natural clays. These samples are characterized by several analytical methods, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/TDA) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) theory. The results show that these clays contain three phases, Sericite 2M1, Clinochlore, quartz and the presence of a new phase for the modified clay named zincite. The measured cation exchange capacity (CEC) is 9 cmolc/kg and the BET analysis shows the increase of surface area for these clays, from 9 to 30 m2 g−1. The findings show also that the impregnated clay has a better affinity than others when the kinetics data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order. The adsorption capacities calculated using Langmuir equation of MB onto natural, calcined and impregnated clays are 154.0, 139.6 and 158.1 mg/g, respectively. The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption of MB on these samples were exothermic. From this study, it can be concluded that these clays are efficacious materials for cationic dye removal from wastewater.

scholarly journals Petroleum Hydrocarbon Removal from Wastewaters: A Review

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Mohammadi ◽  
Abbas Rahdar ◽  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Hamid Dahmardeh ◽  
Md. Abu Bin Hasan Susan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Hydrocarbon Removal ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Oil pollutants, due to their toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity, are considered a serious threat to human health and the environment. Petroleum hydrocarbons compounds, for instance, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, are among the natural compounds of crude oil and petrol and are often found in surface and underground water as a result of industrial activities, especially the handling of petrochemicals, reservoir leakage or inappropriate waste disposal processes. Methods based on the conventional wastewater treatment processes are not able to effectively eliminate oil compounds, and the high concentrations of these pollutants, as well as active sludge, may affect the activities and normal efficiency of the refinery. The methods of removal should not involve the production of harmful secondary pollutants in addition to wastewater at the level allowed for discharge into the environment. The output of sewage filtration by coagulation and dissolved air flotation (DAF) flocculation can be transferred to a biological reactor for further purification. Advanced coagulation methods such as electrocoagulation and flocculation are more advanced than conventional physical and chemical methods, but the major disadvantages are the production of large quantities of dangerous sludge that is unrecoverable and often repelled. Physical separation methods can be used to isolate large quantities of petroleum compounds, and, in some cases, these compounds can be recycled with a number of processes. The great disadvantage of these methods is the high demand for energy and the high number of blockages and clogging of a number of tools and equipment used in this process. Third-party refinement can further meet the objective of water reuse using methods such as nano-filtration, reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation. Adsorption is an emergency technology that can be applied using minerals and excellent materials using low-cost materials and adsorbents. By combining the adsorption process with one of the advanced methods, in addition to lower sludge production, the process cost can also be reduced.

scholarly journals Preparation and application of low-cost ceramic membranes for separation of oil-water emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
Pooja Gopinath ◽  
Murali Pujari ◽  
Tirumala Rao Kotni
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ceramic Membranes ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Membrane Characterization ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compaction Method

Abstract This work presents the impact of fabricating pressure on the performance of ceramic membranes during the dead-end microfiltration of an oil-water emulsion. The membranes used in this study were fabricated at a pressure of 40 kN and 100 kN using the dry compaction method. The membrane characterization was done using XRD and FTIR analysis. The membrane performance was evaluated by carrying dead-end microfiltration experiments using synthetic oil-water emulsion as a feed at a trans-membrane pressure of 30 psi. The experimental results confirmed that the membrane fabricated at higher fabricating pressure (100 kN) gives better performance in terms of maximum oil rejection of 95.7% with the maximum flux of 2.04x10−3 m3/m2.s.

scholarly journals REMOVAL OF TURBIDITY IN DAIRY WASTE WATER THROUGH AQUATIC MACROPHYTES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
R. Bhutiani ◽  
D.R. Khanna ◽  
Varun Tyagi ◽  
Faheem Ahamad
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Treatment Approach ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Effluent Waste

Demand for milk and milk products caused vast growth of dairy industries in most countries of the world. Consequently, the amount of wastewater and waste material generated and discharged from these industries has also increased. Phytoremediation provides eco-friendly, low cost treatment approach for the waste water treatment. In the current study aquatic macrophytesEichornia and Lemna were taken in account individually and in combination. A wetland approach was used for the treatment of effluent (waste water) from Parag Dairy and Milk processing plant, Meerut. Effluent was then transferred to glass aquarium and analysed for Physico-chemical parameters viz. Temp., pH, Turbidity. The initial parameters of the raw waste water were recorded Temp 25.34oC, pH 5.8, Turbidity 648 NTU. After the treatment, 75 % removal of turbidity was recorded in case of Eichornia (486 NTU), while Lemna showed a potential of 54 % removal (350 NTU) of turbidity

Biological AsIII oxidation and arsenic sequestration onto ZVI-coated sand in an up-flow fixed-bed reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Wan ◽  
Y. Zhu ◽  
S. Simon ◽  
M. C. Dictor ◽  
V. Deluchat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Operating Parameter ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Coated Sand

A strict authorized Arsenic (As) level (10 μg L−1) in drinking water requires the development of low-cost treatment processes. Biological treatment of AsIII (major specie in groundwater) using AsIII-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) can be used as an effective pre-oxidation step followed by As removal onto zero valent iron-coated sand. However, the efficiency of As sorption could be affected by a possible development of the bacterial communities in the ZVI-coated sand system. The aims of this work were to study the role of the AOB communities on the filling material (sand or ZVI-coated sand) and to estimate simultaneous biological AsIII oxidation and As sorption onto ZVI in a single fixed-bed reactor. Thiomonas arsenivorans, an autotrophic AOB was inoculated in only one of two parallel fixed-bed reactors filled with sand mixed with 1% iron (wFe/wsand). Both reactors were then continuously fed with synthetic water containing 10 mg L−1 of AsIII under a high Hydraulic Residence Time (HRT) (4 h) for 23 days and then under lower HRT (1 h) for 10 days. 80% of total As were removed in the non-inoculated reactor under high HRT while only 15% were removed under HRT of 1 h. Hence HRT was a key operating parameter in the fixed-bed system. The inoculated AOB bacterial community could disturb the As sorption under high HRT, while the As removal efficiency under low HRT was better than in the absence of the inoculums. At the end of the experiment, ZVI (and/or its oxide products) was collected at different layers in both reactors. Residual adsorption capacities were evaluated with batch experiments which showed that some layers were not saturated and continued to remove As. PCR-DGGE of aoxB gene was also used to identify the distribution of AOB among these different layers.

Public health implications of waste water reuse for fish production

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-S. Easa ◽  
M. M. Shereif ◽  
A. I. Shaaban ◽  
K. H. Mancy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treated Effluent

Public health and safety concerns have traditionally been the main reasons for resisting waste water reuse for fish farming. Potential adverse health effects in such applications could be avoided if the waste is sufficiently treated before reuse. In a full scale demonstration study in Suez, Egypt, about 400 m3/d of raw sewage were treated using a multi-compartment stabilization pond system, for a total residence time from 21-26 days. The treated effluent conformed to WHO guidelines and was used for rearing two types of local fish (tilapia and gray mullet). The produced fish were subjected to an extensive monitoring program. Bacteriological examination revealed that in all samples the fish muscles were free of bacterial contaminants. Nevertheless, low levels of Escherichia coli andAeromonas hydrophila, were isolated from the surface of the fish. Salmonellae, shigellae and staphylococcus aureus were absent from the surface of all the fish sampled. In addition, toxic metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cd) were found to be at much lower levels than the international advisory limits for human consumption. It is concluded that fish reared in the treated effluent at Suez Experimental Station is (a) suitable for marketing for human consumption, and (b) it's quality is equal or better than fresh water fish in Egypt.

ARSENIC OCCURRENCE IN AFRICAN WATER SYSTEMS AND LOW-COST TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Filemon Irunde ◽  
◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
Julian Ijumulana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

scholarly journals Synthesis of Polyaniline Coating on the Modified Fiber Ball and Application for Cr(VI) Removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li Ma ◽  
Guang Tao Fei ◽  
Shao Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Fiber Ball ◽  
Maximum Removal

Abstract In this study, polyaniline (PANI) is prepared by means of chemical oxidization polymerization and directly loaded on the modified fiber ball (m-FB) to obtain macroscale polyaniline/modified fiber ball (PANI/m-FB) composite, and then its removal ability of Cr(VI) is investigated. The effects of different parameters such as contact time, pH value and initial concentration on Cr(VI) removal efficiency are discussed. The experimental results illustrate that the favorable pH value is 5.0 and the maximum removal capacity is measured to be 293.13 mg g−1. Besides, PANI/m-FB composites can be regenerated and reused after being treated with strong acid. The kinetic study indicates that the adsorption procedure is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption. More importantly, the macroscale of composites can avoid secondary pollution efficiently. Benefiting from the low cost, easy preparation in large scale, environmentally friendly, excellent recycling performance as well as high removal ability, PANI/m-FB composites exhibit a potential possibility to remove Cr(VI) from industrial waste water. Graphic Abstract The polyaniline (PANI) was coated on modified fiber ball (m-FB) to remove Cr(VI) in waste water, and this kind of PANI/m-FB composites can avoid secondary pollution efficiently due to its macrostructure. Furthermore, the removal capacity can reach to 291.13 mg/g and can be multiple reused.

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