Development of adsorbent/catalyst from municipal wastewater sludge

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jeyaseelan ◽  
Gao Qing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Gas Removal ◽  
H2s Adsorption ◽  
Resident Time

The objective of this research work is to investigate the possibility of using sewage sludge as a source to produce adsorbent for odorous gas removal. The basic method of adsorbent preparation is pyrolysis in nitrogen gas. The effects of heating temperature and resident time are investigated. Treatments such as drying in air at low temperature and soaking in chemicals prior to pyrolysis are attempted. The prepared adsorbents are characterized by an automatic surface area porosimeter in terms of BET surface area, pore size distribution. The highest BET surface area achieved is 309 m2/g, where the sludge is soaked in 5M zinc chloride solution and dried at low temperature before heating to 650°C for two hours. Laboratory tests at 17.5 ppm H2S concentration show that the sludge-derived adsorbent has an H2S adsorption capacity 25% that of a commercial activated carbon (Calgon IVP 4×6) over 15 hours of duration.

Carbon Dioxide Sequestration Using Activated Carbon From Agro Waste-Waste Bamboo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Ayodele ◽  
Victoria Ezeagwula ◽  
Precious Igbokwubiri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Bet Surface Area

Abstract Bamboo trees are one of the fastest growing trees in tropical rainforests around the world, they have various uses ranging from construction to fly ash generation used in oil and gas cementing, to development of activated carbon which is one of the latest uses of bamboo trees. This paper focuses on development of activated carbon from bamboo trees for carbon capture and sequestration. The need for improved air quality becomes imperative as the SDG Goal 12 and SDG Goal13 implies. One of the major greenhouse gases is CO2 which accounts for over 80% of greenhouse gases in the environment. Eliminating the greenhouse gases without adding another pollutant to the environment is highly sought after in the 21st century. Bamboo trees are mostly seen as agricultural waste with the advent of scaffolding and other support systems being in the construction industry. Instead of burning bamboo trees or using them for cooking in the local communities which in turn generates CO2 and fly ash, an alternative was considered in this research work, which is the usage of bamboo trees to generate activated, moderately porous and high surface area carbon for extracting CO2 from various CO2 discharge sources atmosphere and for water purification. This paper focuses on the quality testing of activated carbon that can effectively absorb CO2. The porosity, pore volume, bulk volume, and BET surface area were measured. The porosity of the activated carbon is 27%, BET surface area as 1260m²/g. Fixed carbon was 11.7%, Volatility 73%, ash content 1.7%.

Titanium nitride nanopowders produced via sodium reductionin liquid ammonia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boyan Yuan ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Hongmin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Nitride ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Liquid Ammonia ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Atomic Ratio ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Tem Analysis

Titanium nitride nanopowders were synthesized through a chemical reduction of titanium tetrachloride by sodium in liquid ammonia. The products of the reaction were the mixture of sodium chloride and titanium nitride nanopowders. The mixture was then separated by ammonia extraction. The nanopowders were heated under vacuum up to 1200 °C and were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and chemical analysis. The results show that the product is nanocrystalline cubic phase TiN with Ti/N atomic ratio performed 1:1, and the surface area is from 20 to 50 m2 ·g−1 depending on the heating temperature. The particle sizes estimated by the TEM analysis correspond well with the results of the surface area measurements. The XRD pattern indicates that the crystal size grows with an increase in heating temperature.

Removal Efficiency of Organic Substance in Municipal Sludge by Supercritical Water Oxidation

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1732-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Cong Jun Sun ◽  
Jian Feng Ye
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Supercritical Water Oxidation ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Resident Time

In this study efficiency of organic matter in municipal wastewater sludge treated by supercritical water is investigated. Influences of main reaction parameters, including temperature (380~500°C), pressure (23-30 MPa), residence time (1-10 min), oxidant dose (100%-200%), were evaluated. Orthogonal Array design was applied in order to consider each parameters impact on COD removal. Study results indicate that 97.89% of COD in the sludge sample can be removed in 10min at 500°C, 30MPa and 200% H2O2oxidant excess dose. Temperature, pressure, resident time are main factors to affect the reaction, while oxidant dose has a little effect on removal of COD in municipal wastewater sludge. The conclusion is the organic matter in municipal wastewater sludge can be removed effectively by super critical water oxidation.

The Effects of Feedstock Sources and Pyrolytic Temperature on Biochars Sorptive Characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Yavari ◽  
Amirhossein Malakahmad ◽  
Nasiman Sapari
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Pyrolytic Temperature ◽  
Polar Functional Groups ◽  
Sorption Mechanisms ◽  
Soil And Water

Biochar addition to soil and water environments has been shown to be effective in sequestering contaminants. This study evaluated the effects of biomass type and the preparation temperatures of biochars on their properties as a sorbent. Rice husk and empty fruit bunches of oil palm were used as the source of biomass for the production of biochars by heating at 300, 500 and 700°C. The biochars properties including functional sites, elemental components and BET surface area were determined to assess the biochars sorption mechanisms. The biochars produced in low temperature were found to have more polar functional groups effective in sorption of polar molecules while the highest temperature increased biochars surface area which is effective in non-selective sorption of contaminations.

scholarly journals Development of Al-SiC composite material from rice husk and its parametric assessment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusudan Baghel ◽  
C M Krishna ◽  
S. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Sem Images

Abstract In this research work, the development of Al-SiC composite material from rice husk and its parametric assessment is done using a CNC milling machine. They are further surface characterized, and mechanical properties such as BET surface area, SEM-EDX, and XRD, fracture toughness, tensile, and bending strength are studied. The machinability of the components is investigated for selected values of input-output parameters. Three castings, each with different particulate reinforcement combinations, are made with aluminum alloy (6061) using the stir casting method. BET surface area of extracted silica and Al-SiC composite material was found 374 m2/g and 150 m2/g, respectively. From results of BET surface area revealed that silica obtained from rice husk is more heterogeneous with a large surface area. A heterogeneous surface with larger pores was found through SEM images. XRD diffraction peaks show changes of amorphous silica into crystallinity in the composite material. The results also indicate that fracture toughness is very good at low temperatures and good machinability on CNC milling machines makes it suitable for aerospace applications.

V2O5-WO3/TiO2 Catalysts for Low Temperature NH3 SCR: Catalytic Activity and Characterization

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Deng ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Rong Shao ◽  
Li Ming Hu ◽  
Jie Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Anatase Phase ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Acid Sites ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Reduction Of No

A systematic investigation of the effect of WO3 loading over V2O5/TiO2 catalysts was carried out for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3. The characteristics were examined use BET surface area , X-ray diffractometry (XRD) , Temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3 . It was fund that the WO3 species could interact with the TiO2 anatase phase to exhibits a high activity. With increasing WO3 content ,the activity of V-W/TiO2 for the selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3 was improved at low temperatures in the range of 3～7%. The results showed that the adding of WO3 to V2O5/TiO2 could result in exposing acid sites of catalysts doped WO3 at low temperature. Furthermore, especially the catalytic activity of VW7Ti showed higher than 80% at 180 °C. However, the catalytic BET surface area and the mass of acid sites not play a leading role for improving low-temperature activity of VWTi in this paper.

Performance of Cu-Based Catalysts in Low-Temperature Methanol Synthesis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 1623-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Qin Yang ◽  
Xi Kun Gai ◽  
Chuang Xing ◽  
Jian Wei Mao ◽  
Cheng Xue Lv
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Methanol Synthesis ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
Copper Species ◽  
Variation Trend ◽  
Alcohol Solvent ◽  
Copper Surface Area

The reactions of the methanol synthesis were conducted from the CO/CO2/H2 on the Cu-based catalysts using different solvent at 443 K and 3.0 MPa. The alcohol solvent had the activity in the low-temperature methanol synthesis reaction. The activity of the Cu-based catalyst with ZnO as carrier was higher than that of the catalyst with CeO2, Al2O3, or TiO2 as carrier separately in the reaction. The addition of the CeO2 to the Cu/ZnO catalysts improved the copper species dispersion, so that it was easier for the reduction of the Cu/CeO2-ZnO catalyst than that of the Cu/ZnO catalyst according to the TPR analysis. The variation trend of the BET surface area and the copper surface area was consistent with those of the activity for the Cu/ZnO and the Cu/CeO2-ZnO catalysts in the reaction. The activity of the Cu/CeO2-ZnO catalyst was higher than that of the Cu/ZnO catalyst in the reaction.

scholarly journals Study of Sludge Particles Formed during Coagulation of Synthetic and Municipal Wastewater for Increasing the Sludge Dewatering Efficiency

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Lech Smoczynski ◽  
Slawomir Kalinowski ◽  
Igor Cretescu ◽  
Michal Smoczynski ◽  
Harsha Ratnaweera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
Sludge Dewatering

Municipal wastewater sludge was produced by chemical coagulation of synthetic wastewater (sww) based on Synthene Scarlet P3GL disperse dye and real municipal wastewater (nww), coagulated by commercial coagulants PAX (prepolymerised aluminum coagulant) and PIX (a ferric coagulant based on Fe2(SO4)3). An attempt was made to correlate the sludge’s dewatering capacity (in terms of capillary suction time—CST) with operation parameters for wastewater treatment, size distribution and specific surface area of the sludge particles. It was found that the presence of phosphate ions in the system facilitates the removal efficiency of the above-mentioned dye (L) due to the interaction between the dye molecules and H2PO4− ions. Unlike sww, negatively charged organic substances (sorg) in nww are directly adsorbed on the surface of colloidal particles {Fe(OH)3} and {Al(OH)3} (prtc). It was also discovered that an increase in the dose of a coagulant led to an increase of CST for sww sludge and to a decrease of CST for nww sludge. It has been suggested that flocs composed of spherical {Al(OH)3} units possessed more internal space for water than aggregates consisting of rod-shaped {Fe(OH)3} units and, consequently, it is more difficult to remove water from Al-sww sludge than from Fe-sww. The results obtained showed that smaller particles dominate in sww sludge, while larger particles are prevalent in nww sludge. To explain this distinct difference in the size distribution of particles in sludge obtained with the use of Al3+ and Fe3+, simple models of aggregation and agglomeration-flocculation processes (aaf) of treated wastewater have been proposed. Except for PIX in nww, the analyzed particles of the investigated types of sludge were characterized by similar specific surface area (Sps), regardless of the kind of sludge or the applied coagulant. Slightly larger, negatively-charged sorg bridges, anchored directly on the surface of positive prtc are more effective in closing the structure of nww sludge than small L bridges of the dye molecules anchored on the surface of prtc via H2PO4−. All the discovered aspects could lead to improved performance of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) by increasing the efficiency of sludge dewatering.

Preparation of Granular Red Mud Adsorbent using Different Binders by Microwave Pore – Making and Activation Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
Thiquynhxuan Le ◽  
Hanrui Wang ◽  
Shaohua Ju ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
Liexing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Microwave Roasting

AbstractIn this work, microwave energy is used for preparing a granular red mud (GRM) adsorbent made of red mud with different binders, such as starch, sodium silicate and cement. The effects of the preparation parameters, such as binder type, binder addition ratio, microwave heating temperature, microwave power and holding time, on the absorption property of GRM are investigated. The BET surface area, strength, pore structure, XRD and SEM of the GRM absorbent are analyzed. The results show that the microwave roasting has a good effect on pore-making of GRM, especially when using organic binder. Both the BET surface area and the strength of GRM obtained by microwave heating are significantly higher than that by conventional heating. The optimum conditions are obtained as follows: 6:100 (w/w) of starch to red mud ratio, microwave roasting with a power of 2.6 kW at 500℃ for holding time of 30 min. The BET surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter of GRM prepared at the optimum conditions are 15.58 m2/g, 0.0337 cm3/g and 3.1693 A0, respectively.

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