Water conservation and pollution control for intensive prawn farms

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Chin ◽  
S. L. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secondary Settling

Hundreds of fish and prawn farms were constructed in the past decades. Many of these farms have ceased operation mainly due to the outbreak of diseases. With population increase, rapid urbanization and industrialization, water quality at the estuary and coastal regions where most of the fish and prawn farms are located is deteriorating. Treatment and recycling of water are essential to maintain the water quality at an acceptable level. A system consisting of preliminary settling, biofiltration, secondary settling and final polishing with a biofilter was tested in an experimental farm. Water quality was maintained at relatively good level at the cultivating pond after 120-day growing period. The growing facilities continued to show good performances after 4 growing cycles with a 2-week rest period between each cycle. Similar system was installed at a 26-hectare farm site having several ponds with sizes varying from 0.7 to 2.5 hectares. No disease outbreak was encountered after the installation of the treatment and recycling facilities.

scholarly journals Landscape Pattern Change of Impervious Surfaces and Its Driving Forces in Shanghai during 1965–2010

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1956
Author(s):  
Yang Yao ◽  
Sen Zhang ◽  
Yuqing Shi ◽  
Mengqi Xu ◽  
Jiaquan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Impervious Surfaces ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pattern Change ◽  
Quality Variation

Rapid urbanization influences the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces, and potentially affects surface water quality. Using ArcGIS and Fragstats, this study analyzed the temporal change of the landscape pattern of impervious surfaces in Shanghai over the past 45 years, and its driving forces and impact on water quality were also analyzed. The results show that both low and high impervious surfaces showed different degrees of expansion, and as a result, the pervious surfaces and water area reduced by 40.1% and 13.8%, respectively. It proves that the fragmentation and diversity of impervious surfaces in Shanghai notably increased in the past decades, and especially the low and high impervious surfaces show substantial changes. The primary driving forces of the landscape pattern change are population density, unit area Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the percentage of primary industry. The result of Redundancy analysis (RDA) is that the explanatory ability of landscape pattern to water quality variations decreased from 68.7% to 46.4% in the period 2000–2010. It should be stressed that the contribution of the configuration of impervious surfaces to water quality variation is less than that of the percentage of impervious surfaces.

scholarly journals Water quality evaluation and apportionment of pollution sources: a case study of the Baralia and Puthimari River (India)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunwar Raghvendra Singh ◽  
Ankit Pratim Goswami ◽  
Ajay S. Kalamdhad ◽  
Bimlesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Quality Monitoring ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Monitoring Programs

Abstract Water quality monitoring programs are indispensable for developing water conservation strategies, but elucidation of large and random datasets generated in these monitoring programs has become a global challenge. Rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth pose a threat of pollution for the surface water bodies of the Assam, state in northeastern India. This calls for strict water quality monitoring programs, which would thereby help in understanding the status of water bodies.In this study, the water quality of Baralia and Puthimari River of Assam was assessed using cluster analysis (CA), information entropy, and principal component analysis (PCA) to derive useful information from observed data. 15 sampling sites were selected for collection of samples during the period May 2016- June 2017. Collected samples were analysed for 20 physicochemical parameters. Hierarchal CA was used to classify the sampling sites in different clusters. CA grouped all the sites into 3 clusters based on observed variables. Water quality of rivers was evaluated using entropy weighted water quality index (EWQI). EWQI of rivers varied from 61.62 to 314.68. PCA was applied to recognise various pollution sources. PCA identified six principal components that elucidated 87.9% of the total variance and represented surface runoff, untreated domestic wastewater and illegally dumped municipal solid waste (MSW) as major factors affecting the water quality. This study will help policymakers and managers for making better decisions in allocating funds and determining priorities. It will also assist in effective and efficient policies for the improvement of water quality.

scholarly journals Water quality management: can we improve integration to face future problems?

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Somlyódy
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Efficient Integration

Water (and its deteriorating quality) may be the most severe stress on the exponentially growing human population in the next century. Problems are becoming increasingly complex and diverse and require more and more specific knowledge, and efficient integration across various disciplines, sectors, countries, and societies. The major challenge addressed is whether we are prepared to realize the desired integration and to resolve the large amount of existing gaps and barriers. The paper analyzes major past and desired future trends in water quality management. A number of issues are selected such as the identification, occurrence, and perception of various problems (e.g. eutrophication, acidification, global warming), pollution control types, wastewater treatment, modeling and monitoring, planning and environmental impact assessment, legislation and institutions, the notion of sustainable development, and the role of science and engineering. The past two decades showed tremendous developments in water quality management. In spite of these, the focus of the present discussion lies mostly on pitfalls to disseminate lessons and questions which are crucial to likely future problems and desired improvements.

Spatiotemporal Changes of Riverbed and Surrounding Environment in Yongding River (Beijing section) in the Past 40 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 40407-1-40407-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Pang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Tri Dev Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Changes ◽  
Yongding River

Abstract Yongding River is one of the five major river systems in Beijing. It is located to the west of Beijing. It has influenced culture along its basin. The river supports both rural and urban areas. Furthermore, it influences economic development, water conservation, and the natural environment. However, during the past few decades, due to the combined effect of increasing population and economic activities, a series of changes have led to problems such as the reduction in water volume and the exposure of the riverbed. In this study, remote sensing images were used to derive land cover maps and compare spatiotemporal changes during the past 40 years. As a result, the following data were found: forest changed least; cropland area increased to a large extent; bareland area was reduced by a maximum of 63%; surface water area in the study area was lower from 1989 to 1999 because of the excessive use of water in human activities, but it increased by 92% from 2010 to 2018 as awareness about protecting the environment arose; there was a small increase in the built-up area, but this was more planned. These results reveal that water conservancy construction, agroforestry activities, and increasing urbanization have a great impact on the surrounding environment of the Yongding River (Beijing section). This study discusses in detail how the current situation can be attributed to of human activities, policies, economic development, and ecological conservation Furthermore, it suggests improvement by strengthening the governance of the riverbed and the riverside. These results and discussion can be a reference and provide decision support for the management of southwest Beijing or similar river basins in peri-urban areas.

Water Quality and Health

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Kreisel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Minimum Quality Standards ◽  
Quality Guidelines

Water quality can affect human health in various ways: through breeding of vectors, presence of pathogenic protozoa, helminths, bacteria and viruses, or through inorganic and organic chemicals. While traditional concern has been with pathogens and gastro-intestinal diseases, chemical pollutants in drinking-water supplies have in many instances reached proportions which affect human health, especially in cases of chronic exposure. Treatment of drinking-water, often grossly inadequate in developing countries, is the last barrier of health protection, but control at source is more effective for pollution control. Several WHO programmes of the International Drinking-Water Supply and Sanitation Decade have stimulated awareness of the importance of water quality in public water supplies. Three main streams have been followed during the eighties: guidelines for drinking-water quality, guidelines for wastewater reuse and the monitoring of freshwater quality. Following massive investments in the community water supply sector to provide people with adequate quantities of drinking-water, it becomes more and more important to also guarantee minimum quality standards. This has been recognized by many water and health authorities in developing countries and, as a result, WHO cooperates with many of them in establishing water quality laboratories and pollution control programmes.

Large-scale wetland-restoration of the Ronde Venen, The Netherlands

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Bijlmakers ◽  
E. O. A. M. de Swart
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wetland Restoration ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Important Criterion ◽  
Spatial Strategy ◽  
Hydrological Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Composition

For the area of the Ronde Venen a plan for large-scale wetland-restoration and improvement of the water quality was developed. Major elements of the developed spatial strategy are the optimal use of the specific hydrological and ecological characteristics of the area. Based on regional hydrological characteristics within the study area hydrological sub-units were distinguished by connecting discharge and recharge areas. In this way the intake of polluted surface water from outside the area could be minimized, with an optimal use of specific local differences in water quality. Two scenarios were developed and evaluated using hydrological, hydrochemical and ecological models. The scenarios differed in spatial composition and the way the water level was manipulated. In order to optimize water quality, natural and artificial pollution control mechanisms were implemented as well. An important criterion for the evaluation was the extent to which the scenarios succeeded in optimizing conditions for the realization of the ecological goals. The most promising and acceptable scenario has been worked out in further detail.

Environment Study on Liaohe River Basin Ecological Footprint and Ecological Restoration Measures

2013 ◽  
Vol 830 ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yu Min Shi ◽  
Jun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Liaohe River ◽  
Environment Study ◽  
Liaohe River Basin ◽  
Restoration Measures

Liaohe River is one of seven big river in China, its environmental pollution control is an important task all the time. In this paper, Liaohe River basin ecological footprint was introduced, water quality and ecological restoration measures were analyzed in the period of the 9th Five-Year, the 10th Five-Year and the 11th Five-Year, the development on ecological restoration in the 12th Five-Year was put forward.

Culture of larval spiny lobsters: a review of work done in northern Japan

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Kittaka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Spiny Lobsters ◽  
Phyllosoma Larvae ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Plankton Feeders ◽  
Palinurus Elephas ◽  
Northern Japan

The method developed over the past decade in northern Japan to culture phyllosoma larvae of five species of principally cool-temperate spiny lobsters combines the features of upwelling water, co- cultured microalgae, and use of mussel gonad as food. The feeding behaviour of the phyllosomas shows that they are primarily predators with the pereiopods and secondarily plankton feeders with the maxillipeds and maxillae. Recent work has shown that contamination of culture water by microorganisms such as the fouling protozoans Vorticellaspp. can greatly reduce phyllosoma survival. The significance of co-cultures of microalgae in maintaining water quality is not yet fully understood. Newly hatched lavae of sailfin sandfish (Arctoscopus japonicus) is an excellent food for late-stage phyllosomas of Jasus verreauxi. About 5% of J. verreauxi phyllosomas metamorphosed into pueruli. Mortality during the puerulus stage was reduced by increasing the capacity of the culture tanks from 30 L to 100 L. A single Palinurus elephas phyllosoma raised in co-culture with diatoms and fed mussel gonad and A. japonicus larvae metamorphosed into a puerulus in 65 days after seven moults.

scholarly journals How Effective Are Existing Phosphorus Management Strategies in Mitigating Surface Water Quality Problems in the U.S.?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6565
Author(s):  
Shama E. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The U.S

Phosphorus is an essential component of modern agriculture. Long-term land application of phosphorous-enriched fertilizers and animal manure leads to phosphorus accumulation in soil that may become susceptible to mobilization via erosion, surface runoff and subsurface leaching. Globally, highly water-soluble phosphorus fertilizers used in agriculture have contributed to eutrophication and hypoxia in surface waters. This paper provides an overview of the literature relevant to the advances in phosphorous management strategies and surface water quality problems in the U.S. Over the past several decades, significant advances have been made to control phosphorus discharge into surface water bodies of the U.S. However, the current use of phosphorus remains inefficient at various stages of its life cycle, and phosphorus continues to remain a widespread problem in many water bodies, including the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Erie. In particular, the Midwestern Corn Belt region of the U.S. is a hotspot of phosphorous fertilization that has resulted in a net positive soil phosphorous balance. The runoff of phosphorous has resulted in dense blooms of toxic, odor-causing phytoplankton that deteriorate water quality. In the past, considerable attention was focused on improving the water quality of freshwater bodies and estuaries by reducing inputs of phosphorus alone. However, new research suggests that strategies controlling the two main nutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen, are more effective in the management of eutrophication. There is no specific solution to solving phosphorus pollution of water resources; however, sustainable management of phosphorus requires an integrated approach combining at least a reduction in consumption levels, source management, more specific regime-based nutrient criteria, routine soil fertility evaluation and recommendations, transport management, as well as the development of extensive phosphorus recovery and recycling programs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document