scholarly journals An investigation on suspended solids sources in urban stormwater runoff using 7Be and 210 Pb as tracers

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1945-1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengqing Yin ◽  
Liqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
A Value ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff

Radionuclides 7Be and 210Pb were used as tracers to identify suspended solid sources and transport pathways in the storm runoff events from urban catchments. Water samples were collected in runoff of storm events in Wuhan City, China. Suspended solids, COD, TN, TP, and the 7Be and 210Pb activities in the suspended solids were analyzed. Following the pathway of urban runoff pollution, the rain precipitation, urban ground dust, gutter sediments, and sewer deposit samples were analyzed for 7Be and 210Pb activities. The results show that the 7Be/210Pb ratio decreased through the system from a value of 0.86±0.44 in ground dust, to 0.63±0.18 in suspended solids in storm runoff from the sewer outlet, to 0.55±0.31 in gutter sediments, and to 0.41±0.13 in combined sewer deposits. The 7Be/210Pb ratio decrease suggests that 60±12% of suspended solids at sewer outlet originated from the drainage system sediments, the rest was from the wash-off of urban ground dust during the rainfall events. The 7Be and 210Pb trace approach can give insight into the short-term source and transport of pollutant during storm runoff in urban drainage systems and it can help to develop management strategies.

A Model for Solid Production and Transport for Small Urban Catchments: Preliminary Results

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Bertrand-Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Urban Catchments

A conceptual model for solid production and transfer in sewer systems is proposed. It has been established for small urban catchments of less than 100 ha, which can be considered from a global point of view. Hydrological and hydraulic phenomena are simply represented with a cascade of two linear reservoirs. The first part of the solid transfer model has been established to reproduce daily and hourly suspended solids loads during dry weather periods. The second part of the model deals with solid transfer during storm events, including sediment build-up over the catchment, washoff, erosion, deposition and transport. Two classes of particles are introduced to distinguish between deposits in pipes and solids transported in suspension. The objectives are the calculation of suspended and bed loads and the evolution of the deposits. Preliminary results are satisfactory but further research is needed in order to test and verify the model for other catchments and rainfalls.

Quality and first flush analysis of stormwater runoff from a tropical commercial catchment

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Chow ◽  
Z. Yusop ◽  
M. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Event Mean Concentration ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Soluble P ◽  
Total P

This paper examines the storm runoff quality from a commercial area in south Johor, Malaysia. Six storm events with a total of 68 storm runoff samples were analyzed. Event Mean Concentration (EMC) for all constituents analysed showed large inter-event variation. Site mean concentrations (SMC) for total suspended solids (TSS), oil and grease (O&G), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (Total P) and Soluble P are 261, 4.31, 74, 192, 1.5, 0.006, 1.9, 1.12 and 0.38 mg/L, respectively. The SMCs at the studied site are higher than those reported in many urban catchments. The mean baseflow concentrations were higher than the EMCs for COD, Soluble P, NH3-N, NO3-N, Total P and NO2-N. However, the reverse was observed for TSS and O&G. All pollutants showed the occurrence of first flush phenomenon with the highest strength was observed for TSS, COD and NH3-N.

Treatment of suspended solids and heavy metals from urban stormwater runoff by a tree box filter

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 2460-2467 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. K. F. Geronimo ◽  
M. C. Maniquiz-Redillas ◽  
J. A. S. Tobio ◽  
L. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Korean Ministry ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

Particulates, inorganic and toxic constituents are the most common pollutants associated with urban stormwater runoff. Heavy metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead are found to be in high concentration on paved roads or parking lots due to vehicle emissions. In order to control the rapid increase of pollutant loads in stormwater runoff, the Korean Ministry of Environment proposed the utilization of low impact developments. One of these was the application of tree box filters that act as a bioretention treatment system which executes filtration and sorption processes. In this study, a tree box filter located adjacent to an impervious parking lot was developed to treat suspended solids and heavy metal concentrations from urban stormwater runoff. In total, 11 storm events were monitored from July 2010 to August 2012. The results showed that the tree box filter was highly effective in removing particulates (up to 95%) and heavy metals (at least 70%) from the urban stormwater runoff. Furthermore, the tree box filter was capable of reducing the volume runoff by 40% at a hydraulic loading rate of 1 m/day and below.

scholarly journals First flush analysis of urban stormwater runoff from an urban catchment in Johor, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 06014
Author(s):  
Noor Atiqah Zuraini ◽  
Noraliani Alias ◽  
Zainab Mohamed Yusof ◽  
Muhammad Nassir Hanapi ◽  
Sobri Harun
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff

An increase of pollutants that are present in the initial stage of stormwater runoff hydrograph compared to a later stage of runoff is defined as a first flush phenomenon. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of first flush from samples of urban stormwater runoff obtained from the grounds of a University in Skudai, Johor, Malaysia. In order to achieve the study’s objective; field investigations, manual sampling of urban stormwater runoff, laboratory testing and data analysis were carried out and the evaluation of the first flush phenomenon was calculated using concentration-based first flush (CBFF) and mass-based first flush (MBFF. A total of 90 stormwater samples were collected from six (6) rainfall events and were tested for total suspended solids (TSS). For each rainfall event, the pollutographs and the dimensionless curves of the cumulative pollutant mass versus the cumulative discharged volume were plotted. The first flush coefficient was also determined in order to evaluate the occurrence of first flush. The results indicated that the storm events demonstrated a weak presence of first flush.

Continuous simulations of urban stormwater runoff and total suspended solids loads: influence of varying climatic inputs and catchment imperviousness

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Borris ◽  
Anna-Maria Gustafsson ◽  
Jiri Marsalek ◽  
Maria Viklander
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Potential implications of climate change for future stormwater management were addressed by undertaking continuous simulations of runoff and total suspended solids (TSS) loads for three urban catchments, with imperviousness varying from 23 to 63%, which were exposed to five rainfall regimes during the snow-free part of the year: the current climate and four climate change scenarios projecting higher rainfalls. Simulated runoff volumes increased in all the future scenarios, particularly in the sub-arctic climate and the fixed uplift scenario (plus20) indicating appreciable rainfall increases. Simulated runoff volumes increased depending on the projected increases in rainfall and increasing runoff contributions from pervious areas when more intense future rainfalls exceeded hydrologic abstractions. The increased runoff volumes then contributed higher TSS loads, which were highly variable for the rainfall regimes tested. In cold climate regions, residues of solids from winter road maintenance may contribute to high initial accumulations of TSS on the catchment surface and high washed off loads. In general, the study suggests that intermediate design-life stormwater management facilities require flexible design allowing for future step-wise adaptation by gradually increasing design capacities and modifying treatment trains.

scholarly journals F-Specific RNA Bacteriophage Transport in Stream Water: Hydro-Meteorological Controls and Association with Suspended Solids

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2250
Author(s):  
Núria Martínez-Carreras ◽  
Leslie Ogorzaly ◽  
Cécile Walczak ◽  
Christophe Merlin ◽  
Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Storm Runoff ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
Runoff Events

F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) are commonly used as indicators of faecal and viral contamination in waters. Once they enter surface waters, the exact role of suspended solids, sediments and hydro-meteorological factors in their fluvial fate and transport is poorly understood, and long-term studies (e.g., over years) are lacking. In this study, FRNAPH concentrations and genogroup distribution were measured in the Orne River (France) during two years at weekly intervals, and during four storm runoff events. Hydro-meteorological driving factors were investigated at both time scales. FRNAPH concentrations and genogroups at different depths of a riverbank sediment core were also examined to better discriminate the origin of the faecal pollution. During low flows, the FRNAPH and the suspended solid transport were decoupled and the FRNAPH concentrations were mainly correlated with the air and water temperature. During storm runoff events, the FRNAPH concentrations only showed a significant correlation with conductivity, turbidity and water discharge. Despite the uncertainty of the predictions, multi parameter regression models using hydro-meteorological variables were suitable to predict log transformed FRNAPHs’ concentrations at low flows with a standard error of 0.46. Model performance using the storm runoff events dataset was low. This study highlights different driving factors at low flows and during storm runoff events, and the need to measure at both time scales to better understand phage transport dynamics in surface water.

scholarly journals The Relevance of Grated Inlets within Surface Drainage Systems in the Field of Urban Flood Resilience. A Review of Several Experimental and Numerical Simulation Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7189
Author(s):  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Manuel Gómez Valentín ◽  
Jackson Tellez-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Hydraulic Efficiency ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Intense Storm

Urban drainage networks should be designed and operated preferably under open channel flow conditions without flux return, backwater, or overflows. In the case of extreme storm events, urban pluvial flooding is generated by the excess of surface runoff that could not be conveyed by pressurized sewer pipes, due to its limited capacity or, many times, due to the poor efficiency of surface drainage systems to collect uncontrolled overland flow. Generally, the hydraulic design of sewer systems is addressed more for underground networks, neglecting the surface drainage system, although inadequate inlet spacings and locations can cause dangerous flooding with relevant socio-economic impacts and the interruption of critical services and urban activities. Several experimental and numerical studies carried out at the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) and other research institutions demonstrated that the hydraulic efficiency of inlets can be very low under critical conditions (e.g., high circulating overland flow on steep areas). In these cases, the hydraulic efficiency of conventional grated inlets and continuous transverse elements can be around 10–20%. Their hydraulic capacity, expressed in terms of discharge coefficients, shows the same criticism with values quite far from those that are usually used in several project practice phases. The grate clogging phenomenon and more intense storm events produced by climate change could further reduce the inlets’ performance. In this context, in order to improve the flood urban resilience of our cities, the relevance of the hydraulic behavior of surface drainage systems is clear.

Urban hydrogeomorphology and the urban stream syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff J. Vietz ◽  
Christopher J. Walsh ◽  
Tim D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Stormwater Runoff ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Urban Stream Syndrome ◽  
Stream Morphology ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Urban Stormwater Runoff ◽  
The Impact

The urban stream syndrome is an almost universal physical and ecological response of streams to catchment urbanization. Altered channel geomorphology is a primary symptom that includes channel deepening, widening and instability. While the common approach is to treat the symptoms (e.g. modifying and stabilizing the channel), many stream restoration objectives will not be achieved unless the more vexing problem, treating the cause, is addressed in some way. Research demonstrates that the dominant cause of geomorphic change in streams in urban catchments is an altered flow regime and increase in the volume of stormwater runoff. Thus, managers can choose to treat the symptoms by modifying and controlling the channel to accommodate the altered flow regime, or treat the cause by modifying the flow regime to reduce the impact on channel morphology. In both cases treatments must, at the least, explicitly consider hydrogeomorphology—the science of the linkages between various hydrologic and geomorphic processes—to have a chance of success. This paper provides a review of recent literature (2010 to early 2015) to discuss fluvial hydrogeomorphology in the management of streams subject to urbanization. We suggest that while the dominant approach is focused on combating the symptoms of catchment urbanization (that we refer to as channel reconfiguration), there is increasing interest in approaches that attempt to address the causes by using stormwater control measures at a range of scales in the catchment (e.g. flow-regime management). In many settings in the oft-constrained urban catchment, effective management of stream morphology may require multiple approaches. To conclude, we identify five research areas that could inform urban hydrogeomorphology, one of the most challenging of which is the extent to which the volume of excess urban stormwater runoff can be reduced to mitigate the impact on stream geomorphology.

scholarly journals Development of flood probability charts for urban drainage network in coastal areas through a simplified joint assessment approach

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3115-3122 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Archetti ◽  
A. Bolognesi ◽  
A. Casadio ◽  
M. Maglionico
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Threshold Condition ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Hydraulic Simulation ◽  
Sea Levels

Abstract. The operating conditions of urban drainage networks during storm events depend on the hydraulic conveying capacity of conduits and also on downstream boundary conditions. This is particularly true in coastal areas where the level of the receiving water body is directly or indirectly affected by tidal or wave effects. In such cases, not just different rainfall conditions (varying intensity and duration), but also different sea-levels and their effects on the network operation should be considered. This paper aims to study the behaviour of a seaside town storm sewer network, estimating the threshold condition for flooding and proposing a simplified method to assess the urban flooding severity as a function of climate variables. The case study is a portion of the drainage system of Rimini (Italy), implemented and numerically modelled by means of InfoWorks CS code. The hydraulic simulation of the sewerage system identified the percentage of nodes of the drainage system where flooding is expected to occur. Combining these percentages with both climate variables' values has lead to the definition of charts representing the combined degree of risk "rainfall-sea level" for the drainage system under investigation. A final comparison between such charts and the results obtained from a one-year rainfall-sea level time series has demonstrated the reliability of the analysis.

scholarly journals DOC sources and DOC transport pathways in a small headwater catchment as revealed by carbon isotope fluctuation during storm events

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3043-3056 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lambert ◽  
A.-C. Pierson-Wickmann ◽  
G. Gruau ◽  
A. Jaffrezic ◽  
P. Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
High Flow Period ◽  
Doc Flux ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. Monitoring the isotopic composition (δ13CDOC) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during flood events can be helpful for locating DOC sources in catchments and quantifying their relative contribution to stream DOC flux. High-resolution (< hourly basis) δ13CDOC data were obtained during six successive storm events occurring during the high-flow period in a small headwater catchment in western France. Intra-storm δ13CDOC values exhibit a marked temporal variability, with some storms showing large variations (> 2 ‰), and others yielding a very restricted range of values (< 1 ‰). Comparison of these results with previously published data shows that the range of intra-storm δ13CDOC values closely reflects the temporal and spatial variation in δ13CDOC observed in the riparian soils of this catchment during the same period. Using δ13CDOC data in conjunction with hydrometric monitoring and an end-member mixing approach (EMMA), we show that (i) > 80% of the stream DOC flux flows through the most superficial soil horizons of the riparian domain and (ii) the riparian soil DOC flux is comprised of DOC coming ultimately from both riparian and upland domains. Based on its δ13C fingerprint, we find that the upland DOC contribution decreases from ca.~30% of the stream DOC flux at the beginning of the high-flow period to < 10% later in this period. Overall, upland domains contribute significantly to stream DOC export, but act as a size-limited reservoir, whereas soils in the wetland domains act as a near-infinite reservoir. Through this study, we show that δ13CDOC provides a powerful tool for tracing DOC sources and DOC transport mechanisms in headwater catchments, having a high-resolution assessment of temporal and spatial variability.

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