Electrocoagulation of synthetic dairy wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Smoczynski ◽  
Kamilla Munska ◽  
Boguslaw Pierozynski
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Dissolution ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Electrode Consumption ◽  
Faraday’S Law ◽  
Cubic Function

This study compares the effectiveness of pollutant removal from synthetic dairy wastewater electrocoagulated by means of aluminum and iron anodic dissolution. A method based on the cubic function (third degree polynomial) was proposed for electrocoagulant dosing. Mathematical methods for calculating the optimal electrocoagulant doses proved to be quite precise and useful for practical applications. The results of gravimetric measurements of electrocoagulant (electrode) consumption demonstrated that theoretical doses of Al determined based on Faraday's law were substantially lower than those produced by electrode weighing. The above phenomenon was also discussed in the light of the results of polarization resistance measurements for Al and Fe electrodes used in the study.

scholarly journals Treatment of Combined Dairy and Domestic Wastewater with Constructed Wetland System in Sicily (Italy). Pollutant Removal Efficiency and Effect of Vegetation

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Mario Licata ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri ◽  
Nicolò Iacuzzi ◽  
Giuseppe Virga ◽  
Davide Farruggia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Organic Pollutant ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Giant Reed

Dairy wastewater (DWW) contains large amounts of mineral and organic compounds, which can accumulate in soil and water causing serious environmental pollution. A constructed wetland (CW) is a sustainable technology for the treatment of DWW in small-medium sized farms. This paper reports a two-year study on the performance of a pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow system for DWW treatment in Sicily (Italy). The CW system covered a total surface area of 100 m2 and treated approximately 6 m3 per day of wastewater produced by a small dairy farm, subsequent to biological treatment. Removal efficiency (RE) of the system was calculated. The biomass production of two emergent macrophytes was determined and the effect of plant growth on organic pollutant RE was recorded. All DWW parameters showed significant differences between inlet and outlet. For BOD5 and COD, RE values were 76.00% and 62.00%, respectively. RE for total nitrogen (50.70%) was lower than that of organic compounds. RE levels of microbiological parameters were found to be higher than 80.00%. Giant reed produced greater biomass than umbrella sedge. A seasonal variation in RE of organic pollutants was recorded due to plant growth rate Our findings highlight the efficient use of a CW system for DWW treatment in dairy-cattle farms.

scholarly journals CuFe2O4@CuO: A Magnetic Composite Synthesized by Ultrasound Irradiation and Degradation of Methylene Blue on Its Surface in the Presence of Sunlight

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Massoud-Sharifi ◽  
Gheffar K. Kara ◽  
Mahboubeh Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Spinel Ferrite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Practical Applications

Spinel ferrite MFe2O4 (M = Cu, Ca, Mg, Ni, etc.) nanoparticles and their composites are a new promising materialbecause they have shown great interest in the field of sensing, optoelectronics, catalysis, and solar cells due to their unique physical and chemical properties that differ from their bulk structures. Today, lots of CuFe2O4 nanomaterials have been synthesized by different methods, such as hydrothermal route and sol-gel combustion methods. Nevertheless, there are hardly any results about photocatalytic activity. For this reason, we tried to increase optical properties by preparing a composite of CuFe2O4 nanomaterials with other oxides. In this paper, a CuFe2O4@CuO magnetic composite was synthesized via an ultrasound method. The samples prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), diffuse reflectance spectrpscopy (DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and elemental analysis (energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX)). The catalytic activity of as-synthesized CuFe2O4@CuO was evaluated using the degradation of methylene blue. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism was discussed. Finally, the catalyst was used for effective degradation of methylene blue (MB) in its solution, which indicated a potential for practical applications in water pollutant removal and environmental remediation.

scholarly journals Destabilization Of Model Wastewater In The Chemical Coagulation Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lech Smoczyński ◽  
Kamilla Teresa Muńska ◽  
Marta Kosobucka ◽  
Bogusław Pierożyński ◽  
Regina Wardzyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Degree Polynomial ◽  
Chemical Coagulation ◽  
Coagulation And Flocculation

Abstract This paper discusses the results of laboratory analyses of the coagulation and flocculation of model wastewater. The investigated wastewater was susceptible to treatment by chemical coagulation. The effectiveness of two commercial coagulants, PAC produced at the DEMPOL-ECO Chemical Plant and PIX manufactured by KEMIPOL, was compared. A mathematical model relying on a second-degree polynomial was used to describe and analyze experimental data. In each case, the parabola minimum point was a precisely determined coagulant dose, regarded as the optimal dose. The application of a coagulant dose higher than the optimal dose reduced the effectiveness of wastewater treatment by coagulation. A detailed analysis of turbidity, suspended solids, total phosphorus and pollutant removal measured by the COD test revealed that PAC was a more effective and a more efficient coagulant than PIX. The risk of coagulant overdosing was greater with the use of PAC than PIX.

scholarly journals Ecology through the eyes of a non-ecologist

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Janusz Uchmański
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Density Dependence ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Stability

Ecology is a branch of biology that deals with the life of plants and animals in their environment. Nature protection are practical actions where ecology is applied. Ecology is the most biological branch of biology because it deals with individuals in their living environment, and individuals "exist" only in biology. The most important issue being considered in ecology is biodiversity: its changes and its persistence. In their research, ecologists focus on the functioning of ecological systems. In classical terms, they assume that the most important mechanism is density dependence. Mathematical models traditionally applied in ecology include ordinary difference and differential equations, which fits well with the assumption of density dependence, but this results in ecology being dominated by considerations of the stability of ecological systems. Evolutionary biology and ecology have separate areas of interest. Evolutionary biology explains the formation of optimal characteristics of individuals. Ecology also takes into account those individuals who have lost in the process of natural selection. The mathematical methods used in classical ecology were developed for the use of physics. The question arises whether they give a precise picture of the dynamics of ecological systems. Recently, a view has emerged stating that in order to see the importance of full-scale biodiversity, we should refer to individuals (rather than population density) as basic "atoms" that make up ecological systems. In ecology, we call this an individual-based approach. However, it gives a very complex picture of how ecological systems work. In ecology, however, there is an alternative way to describe the dynamics of ecological systems, i.e. through the circulation of matter in them and the flow of energy through them. It allows the use of traditional difference and differential equations in the formulation of mathematical models, which has proven itself in practical applications many times.

A Novel Photocatalyst Composite of Magnesium Aminoclay and TiO2 Immobilized into Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) Matrix for Pollutant Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6844-6849
Author(s):  
Thanh Ngoc Nguyen ◽  
Vinh Van Tran ◽  
Vu Khac Hoang Bui ◽  
Minjeong Kim ◽  
Duckshin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Activated Carbon Fiber ◽  
Practical Applications

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a semiconductor photocatalyst widely applied in numerous fields due to possessing prominent photocatalytic properties. However, its practical applications in the form of nanoparticles or powders still have remained several limitations. Recently, novel photocatalytic porous composites have been discovered to be potential alternative approaches. In the present study, nanostructured magnesium-aminoclay-based TiO2 (MgAC–TiO2) was successfully deposited on an activated carbon fiber (ACF) matrix using the sol–gel approach followed by calcination at 350°C in an air atmosphere. The structure and photocatalytic activity of this as-prepared photocatalyst composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectral analysis. The photocatalytic activity of MgAC–TiO2/ACF was investigated under batch conditions for the removal of methylene blue (MB) in solution under UV irradiation and dark conditions. The results revealed that MB is absorbed by MgAC–TiO2/ACF and that its photodecomposition occurs under UV irradiation. The addition of MgAC can prevent the sintering of TiO2 act as a dispersing agent to create a high specific surface area, and thus enhance photocatalytic efficiency. In addition, ACF in the MgAC–TiO2/ACF composite can additionally improve the photocatalytic activity by hindering electron-hole recombination, which is known as a synergetic effect, and thereby enhancing the photodegradation and removal efficiency of MB.

Progress in kinetic predictions for complex reaction of hydrocarbons: from mechanism studies to industrial applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo Shi ◽  
Wei Tan ◽  
Jinsheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Complex Reaction ◽  
Single Event ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Kinetic Methods ◽  
Kinetic Predictions

AbstractKinetic predictions for complex reaction systems of hydrocarbons are theoretically and technologically crucial to the petrochemical industry. Among several proposed kinetic models, a lumping kinetic model is a comparatively simple and developed method wherein a complex system is lumped into several pseudo-components. To acquire more accurate mechanistic information, kinetic models at the mechanistic level are developed, such as single-event kinetic and structure-oriented models. However, the number of kinetic parameters increases exponentially in these methods. Lumping kinetic methods are then reexamined, and kinetic models, such as relumping single-event kinetic methods, bimolecular methods, and special pseudo-component methods, are proposed to simplify the reaction system. Many mathematical methods, such as annealing algorithm or artificial neural networks, have also been developed to solve these complex reaction problems. Although a number of complex intrinsic reaction studies have been introduced, the combination of excellent prediction performances and practical industrial applicability remains a central challenge facing this field. This situation motivated this study, to review the recent development of reaction prediction models and their application in industrial processes. Furthermore, the practical applications of these possible pathways of kinetic predictions for mechanistic studies are addressed.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Porous Boron-Doped Carbon Nitride: Adsorption Capacity and Photo-Regeneration Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Guo ◽  
Lei Rao ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Lixin Zhang ◽  
Yuxiong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Boron Doped ◽  
Powder Suspension ◽  
Photocatalytic Concrete ◽  
Excellent Stability

Carbon nitride (CN) with improved adsorption–degradation capacity was synthesized using B2O3 and CN via calcination. The pollutant removal capacity of this B2O3/CN (B-CN) was studied by a powder suspension experiment and added into concrete to evaluate the adsorption and degradation of methylene blue (MB). The characterizations of all samples indicate that B2O3 significantly affects CN, e.g., by increasing the CN specific surface area to 3.6 times the original value, extending visible light adsorption, and narrowing the band gap from 2.56 eV to 2.42 eV. Furthermore, the results show that B-CN composite materials have a higher MB-removal efficiency, with the adsorption capacity reaching 43.11 mg/g, which is about 3.3 times that of pristine CN. The MB adsorption process on B2-CN is mainly via electrostatic attraction and π–π interactions. In addition, B-CN added into concrete also has good performance. After five adsorption–degradation cycles, B-CN and photocatalytic concrete still exhibit a good regenerate ability and excellent stability, which are very important for practical applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Recrystallization Annealing on Corrosion Behavior of Ta-4%W Alloy

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Ma ◽  
Qiongyao He ◽  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Guilin Wu ◽  
Qiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Anodic Dissolution ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Current Density ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Recrystallization Annealing ◽  
Site Lattice

The effect of recrystallization annealing on corrosion behavior of Ta-4%W alloy was studied. It is found that the deformed sample contains high dense dislocations and dislocation boundaries. During annealing, these dislocations and dislocation boundaries are replaced by recrystallizing grains until the alloy is fully recrystallized. Both the anodic dissolution and the cathodic activity is much more blocked. The corrosion potential gradual shift towards negative values and corrosion current density decrease, while polarization resistance increases after annealing, indicating enhanced corrosion resistance of the alloy. Such an enhancement is caused by the increase of low-Σ coincide site lattice boundaries and decrease of dislocations and dislocation boundaries.

scholarly journals VOICE SPEAKER IDENTIFICATION AS ONE OF THE CURRENT BIOMETRIC METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-255
Author(s):  
K. Lutsenko ◽  
K. Nikulin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Speaker Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Voice Recognition ◽  
Audio Signal ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Voice Biometrics ◽  
The Voice

The article deals with the most widespread biometric identification systems of individuals, including voice recognition of the speaker on video and sound recordings. The urgency of the topic of identification of a person is due to the active informatization of modern society and the increase of flows of confidential information. The branches of the use of biometric technologies and their general characteristics are given. Here is an overview of the use of identification groups that characterize the voice. Also in the article the division of voice identification systems into the corresponding classes is given. The main advantages of voice biometrics such as simplicity of system realization are considered; low cost (the lowest among all biometric methods); No need for contact, the voice biometry allows for long-range verification, unlike other biometric technologies. The analysis of existing methods of speech recognition recognition identifying a person by a combination of unique voice characteristics, determining their weak and strong points, on the basis of which the choice of the most appropriate method for solving the problem of text-independent recognition, Namely the model of Gaussian mixtures, was carried out. The prerequisite for the development of speech technologies is a significant increase in computing capabilities, memory capacity with a significant reduction in the size of computer systems. It should also be Noted the development of mathematical methods that make it possible to perform the Necessary processing of an audio signal by isolating informative features from it. It has been established that the development of information technologies, and the set of practical applications, which use voice recognition technologies, make this area relevant for further theoretical and practical research.

scholarly journals Study of mathematical methods and models usage in the pesticide degradation and residue prediction

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Fang Li ◽  
V.I. Dubovyk ◽  
Runqiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Pesticide Degradation ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pesticide Pollution ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Crops Yield

Pesticide was widely used in agriculture industry to ensure the crops’ yield and quality, followed that pesticide pollution had become one of the most serious issues for public health in the world. Therefore, it’s necessary to develop mathematical models for the prediction of pesticide degradation and residue. In this paper, we introduced four kinds of mathematical models in pesticide prediction, and offered the basis theories and practical applications for each model. Then we compared their advantages and disadvantages systematically by analyzing the roles of each one. Finally, present challenges and future perspectives in pesticide residue prediction fields were discussed.

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