Microwave-assisted preparation of manganese dioxide modified activated carbon for adsorption of lead ions

Abstract In this study, manganese dioxide was evenly distributed on the surface of activated carbon (AC), and the porous structure of AC and the surface functional groups of manganese dioxide were used to adsorb the heavy metal ion Pb(II). The advantages of microwave heating are fast heating and high selectivity. The mole ratio control of the AC and MnO2 in 1:0.1, microwave heating to 800 °C, heat preservation for 30 min. The maximum adsorption capacity of the MnO2-AC prepared by this method on Pb(II) can reach 664 mg/L at pH = 6. It can be observed by SEM that manganese dioxide particles are dispersed evenly on the surface and pore diameter of AC, and there is almost no agglomeration. The specific surface area was 752.8 m2/g, and the micropore area was 483.9 m2/g. The adsorption mechanism was explored through adsorption isotherm, adsorption kinetics, FTIR, XRD, XPS. It is speculated that the adsorption mechanism includes electrostatic interaction and specific adsorption, indicating that lead ions enter into the void of manganese dioxide and form spherical complexes. The results showed that the adsorption behavior of Pb(II) by MnO2-AC was consistent with the Langmuir adsorption model, the quasi-second-order kinetic model, and the particle internal diffusion model.

Download Full-text

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CHROMIUM(VI) REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING ACTIVATED CARBON RESORCINOL FORMALDEHYDE XEROGELS

Acta Polytechnica ◽

10.14311/ap.2016.56.0373 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 373-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Eghe A. Oyedoh ◽

Michael C. Ekwonu

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Resorcinol Formaldehyde ◽

Freundlich Isotherms ◽

Chromium Vi ◽

Endothermic Process ◽

Best Fit

The adsorption of chromium(VI) metal ion in aqueous solutions by activated carbon resorcinol formaldehyde xerogels (ACRF) was investigated. The results showed that pore structure, surface area and the adsorbent surface chemistry are important factors in the control of the adsorption of chromium(VI) metal ions. The isotherm parameters were obtained from plots of the isotherms and from the application of Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherms. Based on regression analysis, the Langmuir isotherm model was the best fit. The maximum adsorption capacity of ACRF for chromium (VI) was 241.9 mg/g. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the best fit to the experimental data for the adsorption of chromium metal ions by activated carbon resorcinol formaldehyde xerogels. The thermodynamics of Cr(VI) ions adsorption onto ACRF was a spontaneous and endothermic process.

Download Full-text

Kinetics of lead ion biosorption from aqueous solution onto lyophilized Aspergillus niveus

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2010.020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hülya Karaca ◽

Turgay Tay ◽

Merih Kıvanç

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Second Order ◽

Lead Ions ◽

Lead Ion ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Aspergillus Niveus ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The biosorption of lead ions (Pb2+) onto lyophilized fungus Aspergillus niveus was investigated in aqueous solutions in a batch system with respect to pH, contact time and initial concentration of the ions at 30 °C. The maximum adsorption capacity of lyophilized A. niveus was found to be 92.6 mg g−1 at pH 5.1 and the biosorption equilibrium was established about in 30 min. The adsorption capacity obtained is one of the highest value among those reported in the literature. The kinetic data were analyzed using the pseudo-first-order kinetic, pseudo-second-order kinetic, and intraparticle diffusion equations. Kinetic parameters, such as rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities, and related correlation coefficients for the kinetic models were calculated and discussed. It was found that the adsorption of lead ions onto lyophilized A. niveus biomass fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm parameters for the lead ion adsorption were applied and the Langmuir model agreed better with the adsorption of lead ions onto lyophilized A. niveus.

Download Full-text

Extraction of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Medium by Husk Biomass: Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic study

Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie ◽

10.1515/zpch-2018-1182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 233 (2) ◽

pp. 201-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Khalida Naseem ◽

Rahila Huma ◽

Aiman Shahbaz ◽

Jawaria Jamal ◽

Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Aqueous Medium ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Adsorption Sites ◽

Order Kinetic Model

Abstract This study describes the adsorption of Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions from wastewater on Vigna radiata husk biomass. The ability of adsorbent to capture the metal ions has been found to be in the order of Ni (II)>Co (II) and Cu (II) depending upon the size and nature of metal ions to be adsorbed. It has been observed that percentage removal of Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions increases with increase of adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH of the medium but up to a certain extent. Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) for Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions has been found to be 11.05, 15.04 and 19.88 mg/g, respectively, under optimum conditions of adsorbent dosage, contact time and pH of the medium. Langmuir model best fits the adsorption process with R2 value approaches to unity for all metal ions as compared to other models because adsorption sites are seemed to be equivalent and only monolayer adsorption may occur as a result of binding of metal ion with a functional moiety of adsorbent. Pseudo second order kinetic model best interprets the adsorption process of Cu (II), Co (II) and Ni (II) ions. Thermodynamic parameters such as negative value of Gibbs energy (∆G°) gives information about feasibility and spontaneity of the process. Adsorption process was found to be endothermic for Cu (II) ions while exothermic for Co (II) and Ni (II) ions as signified by the value of enthalpy change (∆H°). Husk biomass was recycled three times for removal of Ni (II) from aqueous medium to investigate its recoverability and reusability. Moreover V. radiata husk biomass has a potential to extract Cu (II) and Ni (II) from electroplating wastewater to overcome the industrial waste water pollution.

Download Full-text

Adsorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides adsorbent

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.329 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 (7) ◽

pp. 1644-1657 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mona El-Sayed ◽

Gh. Eshaq ◽

A. E. ElMetwally

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Second Order ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Pseudo Second Order

In our study, Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides were prepared by the co-precipitation method. The structure, composition, morphology and thermal stability of the synthesized Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides were analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, N2 physisorption, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Batch experiments were performed to study the adsorption behavior of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) as a function of pH, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dose. The maximum adsorption capacity of Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides for cobalt and nickel metal ions was 116.7 mg g−1, and 70.4 mg g−1, respectively. The experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first- and pseudo-second-order kinetic models in linear and nonlinear regression analysis. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process could be described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Experimental equilibrium data were well represented by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Also, the maximum monolayer capacity, qmax, obtained was 113.8 mg g−1, and 79.4 mg g−1 for Co(II), and Ni(II), respectively. Our results showed that Mg–Al–Zn mingled oxides can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater samples.

Download Full-text

Single and competitive adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared with Salix matsudana Kiodz

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2016.428 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 (12) ◽

pp. 2751-2761 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yan Shu ◽

Kelin Li ◽

Jinfeng Song ◽

Bing Li ◽

Chunfang Tang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Ph Value ◽

Total Pore Volume ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Single Element ◽

Acid Activation ◽

Adsorption Model ◽

Adsorption Selectivity ◽

Average Pore ◽

Salix Matsudana

In this study, Salix matsudana activated carbon (SAC) was prepared by phosphoric acid activation, and the adsorption characteristics of Cd(II) and Pb(II) on SAC in single- and double-component solutions were investigated. In both systems, the adsorption capacities of both ions on SAC increased with the increasing initial pH value and temperature in the solutions, and the adsorption equilibrium was approached at 10 min. The adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic, and depicted well by the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, and the equilibrium adsorption fitted reasonably well with the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 58.48 and 59.01 mg/g, respectively, in the single-element systems. However, it reduced to 25.32 and 31.09 mg/g, respectively, in the double-element system. The physicochemical property analysis showed that the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter of SAC was 435.65 m2/g, 35.68 mL/g, and 3.86 nm, respectively. The SAC contained groups of -OH, C = O, and P = O. Results suggest that SAC had a good performance for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from solution, and the adsorption selectivity sequence was Pb(II) > Cd(II).

Download Full-text

Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Benzene and Toluene Adsorption onto Microwave Irradiated-Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1043.219 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1043 ◽

pp. 219-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noor Shawal Nasri ◽

Jibril Mohammed ◽

Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽

Usman Dadum Hamza ◽

Husna Mohd. Zain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Equilibrium Data ◽

Order Kinetic Model ◽

Pseudo Second Order ◽

Coconut Shell Activated Carbon

Concern about environmental protection has increased over the years and the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water poses a threat to the environment. In this study, coconut shell activated carbon (PHAC) was produced by potassium hydroxide activation via microwave for benzene and toluene removal. Equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin isotherms with all the models having R2 > 0.94. The equilibrium data were best fitted by Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacity of 212 and 238mg/g for benzene and toluene, respectively. The equilibrium parameter (RL) falls between 0 and 1 confirming the favourability of the Langmuir model. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model best fitted the kinetic data. The PHAC produced can be used to remediate water polluted by VOCs.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Marine AlgaeGracilariaand its Activated Carbon for the Adsorption of Ni(II) from Wastewater

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/137484 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1512-1521 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Esmaeili ◽

P. Beirami ◽

S. Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Second Order ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorption Model ◽

Solution Ph ◽

Isotherm Equation ◽

Adsorption Data ◽

Langmuir Isotherm Equation ◽

Pseudo Second Order

The batch removal of Ni2+from aqueous solution and wastewater using marine dried (MD) red algaeGracilariaand its activated carbon (AC) was studied. For these experiments, adsorption of Ni2+was used to form two biomasses of AC and MD. Both methods used different pH values, biomass and initial concentration of Ni2+. Subsequently adsorption models and kinetic studies were carried out. The maximum efficiencies of Ni2+removal were 83.55% and 99.04% for MD and AC respectively developed from it. The experimental adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir adsorption model. The nickel(II) uptake by the biosorbents was best described by pseudo-second order rate model. The kinetic studies showed that the heavy metal uptake was observed more rapidly by the AC with compared to MD. AC method developed from MD biomass exhibited higher biosorption capacity. Adsorption capacity is related to the pH of solution, pH 5.0 is optimal for nickel. The maximum efficiencies of Ni2+removal were for AC method. The capacity is related to the pH of solution, pH 5.0 is optimal for nickel. The equilibrium adsorption data are correlated by Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption kinetic data can be described by the second order kinetic models

Download Full-text

Removal of Uranyl Ion from Wastewater by Magnetic Adsorption Material of Polyaniline Combined with CuFe2O4

Adsorption Science & Technology ◽

10.1155/2021/5584158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Xinrui Feng ◽

Shaoshuai Sun ◽

Ge Cheng ◽

Lei Shi ◽

Xiangshan Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adsorption Process ◽

Regeneration Ability ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Uranyl Ions ◽

Adsorption Model ◽

Isothermal Adsorption ◽

High Maximum ◽

Magnetic Adsorption ◽

Order Kinetic Equation

The magnetic adsorption material of polyaniline (PANI) with amino functional group combined with CuFe2O4 (CuFe2O4/PANI nanocomposite) has been described in this work. It has been characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, BET, FTIR, and VSM, respectively. Significantly, it exhibits extremely high maximum adsorption capacity (322.6 mg/g) for removal of uranyl ions from wastewater at a pH of 4. The adsorption process is consistent with the quasisecond-order kinetic equation, and the isotherm and kinetic data are accurately described by the Langmuir isothermal adsorption model. Furthermore, the magnetic CuFe2O4/PANI displays stable adsorption performance for uranyl ions after five cycles of recovery in acid medium, which indicates it possesses good recovery due to its magnetism and excellent regeneration ability for reusability.

Download Full-text

Biosorption of Cr(III) from aqueous solution using an agricultural by-product jute stick powder: Equilibrium and kinetic studies

European Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.5155/eurjchem.9.3.202-212.1709 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 202-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammad Nasir Uddin ◽

Jahangir Alam ◽

Syeda Rahimon Naher

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Water Solution ◽

Low Cost ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorption Model ◽

Experimental Conditions

The adsorption capacity of chromium(III) from synthetic waste water solution by a low cost biomaterial, Jute Stick Powder (JSP)was examined. A series of batch experiments were conducted at different pH values, adsorbent dosage and initial chromium concentration to investigate the effects of these experimental conditions. To analyze the metal adsorption on to the JSP, most common adsorption isotherm models were applied. To study the reaction rate, the kinetic and diffusion models were also applied. The morphological structure and variation of functional groups in the JSP before and after adsorption was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). Maximum chromium removal capacities of JSP was 84.34%with corresponding equilibrium uptake 8.4 mg/g from 50 mg/L of synthetic metal solution in 60 minutes of contact time at pH = 6.0 and 28 °C with continuous stirring at 180 rpm. The percent sorption of the biomass decreased with increasing concentration of metal ion but increased with decreasing pH, increasing contact time and adsorbent doses. Data for this study indicated a good correspondence with both isotherms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. The analysis of kinetic indicated that Chromium was consistent with the second-order kinetic adsorption model. The rate of removal of Cr(III) ions from aqueous solution by JSP was found rapid initially within 5-30 minutes and reached in equilibrium in about 40 minutes. The investigation revealed that JSP, a low cost agricultural byproduct, was a potential adsorbent for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.

Download Full-text

Efficient Removal of Copper Ion from Wastewater Using a Stable Chitosan Gel Material

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24234205 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (23) ◽

pp. 4205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yang ◽

Chai ◽

Zeng ◽

Gao ◽

Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Physical Adsorption ◽

Copper Ion ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Alkaline Media ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Chitosan Gel

: Gel adsorption is an efficient method for the removal of metal ion. In the present study, a functional chitosan gel material (FCG) was synthesized successfully, and its structure was detected by different physicochemical techniques. The as-prepared FCG was stable in acid and alkaline media. The as-prepared material showed excellent adsorption properties for the capture of Cu2+ ion from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity for the FCG was 76.4 mg/g for Cu2+ ion (293 K). The kinetic adsorption data fits the Langmuir isotherm, and experimental isotherm data follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well, suggesting that it is a monolayer and the rate-limiting step is the physical adsorption. The separation factor (RL) for Langmuir and the 1/n value for Freundlich isotherm show that the Cu2+ ion is favorably adsorbed by FCG. The negative values of enthalpy (ΔH°) and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) indicate that the adsorption process are exothermic and spontaneous in nature. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of FCG before and after adsorption further reveal that the mechanism of Cu2+ ion adsorption. Further desorption and reuse experiments show that FCG still retains 96% of the original adsorption following the fifth adsorption–desorption cycle. All these results indicate that FCG is a promising recyclable adsorbent for the removal of Cu2+ ion from aqueous solution.

Download Full-text