scholarly journals Screening of cultivation media for LDPE biodegradation by Penicillium verrucosum CNM-FP-02

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Olga Postolachi ◽  
◽  
Inna Rastimesina ◽  
Valentina Josan ◽  
Vera Mamaliga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Penicillium Verrucosum ◽  
Cultural Media

The paper’s aim was to select the optimal mineral medium for LDPE biodegradation by the strain Penicillium verrucosum CNM-FP-02. It was selected 5 mineral salt media (MSM), which differed in salt content and N/P ratio. After 40 days of submerged cultivation, the following parameters were determined: catalase activity and pH of cultural media, biomass accumulation, rate of LDPE degradation, optical microscopy and the tensile testing of polyethylene. It was observed that catalase activity on all media, except MSM 4, was higher in the presence of LDPE. The addition of polyethylene to the growth media stimulated the fungal biomass accumulation by 19.3-93.1% (4 media out of 5 tested). The percentage of degradation of LDPE films was different, depending on the culture medium, from 0.41% to 0.92%. The most active LDPE films were degraded on medium MSM 2. Visualization of plastic strips under an optical microscope revealed the immobilization of the microorganism and the damage on the polyethylene surface. The tensile test showed increased elasticity of the plastic in the variants treated with fungal strain. In conclusion, in order to stimulate the biodegradation of LDPE by the strain P. verrucosum CNM-FP-02, the medium MSM 2 (N/P ratio 1:1) was selected.

scholarly journals Effective medium for in vitro sprouting of the buds and multiplication of the plantlets, and identification of the fungal contaminant associated with the explants of Gnetum

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 001-013
Author(s):  
Abwe Mercy Ngone ◽  
Lawrence Monah Ndam ◽  
Rita Mungfu Njilar ◽  
Doungous Oumar ◽  
Thomas Eku Njock
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Nodal Cuttings ◽  
Baseline Information

Plant tissue culture requires the optimization of growth media. Gnetum, known locally in Cameroon as “Eru” is an indigenous gymnospermous vegetable with diverse medicinal, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic values. This resource is over-exploited and expected to neighboring countries, resulting to increased scarcity in the forest. Preliminary work on the in vitro culture of nodal cuttings was faced by the problem of fungal contamination. It was therefore necessary to isolate and identify the fungal contaminant, optimize the surface sterilization of field material and compose an appropriate medium for sprouting. Pure cultures of the fungus were obtained and grown on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The identification was based on the appearance of the fungal growth on plates and also on the microscopic view. This was affected by the use of keys. Gnetum explants were disinfected with the various concentrations of disinfectants, preceded in some instances by pre-treatments, as well as incorporating fungicides in the culture medium. Two different culture media were employed: the Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and the Murashige and Skoog (MS) based establishment medium (Y-1). Gnetum was found to live in association with a complex of Microsporum species. The level of contamination of cultures was reduced from 100% to 40% when pre-treated before disinfection and even lower to 10% by incorporating fungicides in the medium. Sprouting was observed in WPM. This study provides baseline information on the in vitro propagation of Gnetum and thus opens up avenues for more research to be carried out in this field.

In vitro culture and non-invasive metabolic profiling of single bovine embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Monika Nõmm ◽  
Rando Porosk ◽  
Pille Pärn ◽  
Kalle Kilk ◽  
Ursel Soomets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Non Invasive

Selecting high-quality embryos for transfer has been a difficult task when producing bovine embryos invitro. The most used non-invasive method is based on visual observation. Molecular characterisation of embryo growth media has been proposed as a complementary method. In this study we demonstrate a culture medium sampling method for identifying potential embryonic viability markers to predict normal or abnormal embryonic development. During single embryo culture, 20µL culture media was removed at Days 2, 5 and 8 after fertilisation from the same droplet (60µL). In all, 58 samples were analysed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. We demonstrate that it is possible to remove samples from the same culture medium droplets and not significantly affect blastocyst rate (25.2%). Changes in any single low molecular weight compound were not predictive enough. Combining multiple low molecular weight signals made it possible to predict Day 2 and 5 embryo development to the blastocyst stage with an accuracy of 64%. Elevated concentrations of lysophosphatidylethanolamines (m/z=453, 566, 588) in the culture media of Day 8 well-developing embryos were observed. Choline (104m/z) and citrate (215m/z) concentrations were increased in embryos in which development was retarded. Metabolic profiling provides possibilities to identify well-developing embryos before transfer, thus improving pregnancy rates and the number of calves born.

scholarly journals Planting Density Induced Changes in Cotton Biomass Yield, Fiber Quality, and Phosphorus Distribution under Beta Growth Model

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Khan ◽  
Xiangjun Kong ◽  
Ullah Najeeb ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Daniel Kean Yuen Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Moderate Density

High input costs combined with multiple management and material inputs have threatened cotton productivity. We hypothesize that this problem can be addressed by a single fertilization at flowering with late sowing in a moderately populated plant stand. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the cotton biomass accumulation, phosphorus dynamics, and fiber quality under three planting densities (low, 3 × 104; moderate, 6 × 104; and dense, 9 × 104 ha−1) and two cultivars (Zhongmian-16 and J-4B). High planting density had 6.2 and 12.6% larger stems and fruiting nodes m−2, while low density produced a 37.5 and 59.4% maximum height node ratio. Moderate density produced 26.4–15.5%, 24.7–12.6%, and 10.5–13.6% higher biomass accumulation rate at the peak bloom, boll set, and plant removal stages over low and high density in both years, respectively. J-4B produced a higher reproductive organs biomass yield when compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. This higher biomass formation was due to both the higher average (0.8 VT kg·ha−1·d−1) and maximum (1.0 VM kg·ha−1·d−1) reproductive organ phosphorus uptake, respectively. Plants with low density had 5.3–18.5%, 9.5–15%, and 7.8–12.8% greater length, strength, and micronaire values over moderate and dense plants, respectively. Conclusively, moderate density with J-4B is a promising option for improved biomass, phosphorus acquisition, and fiber quality under a short season.

Damaging effect of salt crystallization on highly porous limestone from Hungary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikoletta Rozgonyi-Boissinot ◽  
Mohammad Ali Khodabandeh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Petrophysical Properties

<p>One of the most important weathering processes on stone-built monuments is the crystallization of salts. Since the transport material of these substances is water, the porous rock types are particularly affected. In Hungary many monuments and historic buildings have been constructed from oolithic Miocene limestone. So in this study, the effect of salt crystallization on the physical and mechanical properties of high porous limestone has been investigated. Samples were obtained from Sóskút (near to Budapest, the capital city of Hungary).</p><p>At first the petrophysical properties of the stone were determined. The porosity of the investigated stone type was 26-34 V/V%, the uniaxial compressive strength (4-5 MPa) and the Brazilian tensile strength (0,4-0,5 MPa) were very low. A special proper of this rock type is the large-pore system (2-3mm) between the ooid fragments.</p><p>Sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium sulphate (Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) were used to investigate the effect of salt crystallization. Cylindrical rock samples were exposed to salt solutions of 14 m/m% Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (MSZ EN 12370) and 5% NaCl solution (sea water salt content). After 15 salted water saturation- drying cycles the changes of mineralogical and petrophysical properties and indirect tensile strength of the samples were investigated. The damages on the pore walls were determined with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the building of scaling layers on the stone surfaces were investigated with optical microscope.</p>

Seasonal Periodicity of Diatoms, and Silicon Limitation in Offshore Lake Michigan, 1975

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Parker ◽  
H. L. Conway ◽  
E. M. Yaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Seasonal Periodicity ◽  
Silicon Uptake ◽  
Bloom Diatom

Diatom biomass maxima occurred in spring and fall and produced a bimodal bloom sequence at an offshore Lake Michigan station. The maximum in May was preceded by rapid growth as indicated by increased values of primary productivity and pigment concentration. As the spring bloom progressed, decreasing nutrient levels apparently slowed diatom growth. The diatom-biomass accumulation rate declined, assimilation quotients were minimal, and soluble reactive silicon was reduced from 13 to 6.8 μmol/ℓ. In summer, after the bloom, diatom biomass and silicon reached seasonal minima of < 250 mg C/m2 and ~ 1.0 μmol/ℓ, respectively. Diatom biomass increased again in October when silicon supplies were replenished and the concentration exceeded 6.6 μmol/ℓ. A critical silicon concentration of ~ 6.5 μmol/ℓ, may control the development and timing of offshore diatom populations in Lake Michigan. Key words: Lake Michigan, diatoms, growth, biomass, periodicity, silicon, uptake, limitation

Seasonal biomass accumulation and nutrient uptake of wheat, barley and oat on a Black Chernozem Soil in Saskatchewan

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
J. J. Schoenau ◽  
Z. L. Wang ◽  
C. L. Vera
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Uptake Rate ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Maximum Biomass ◽  
Cereal Species

Dry matter and nutrient accumulation in the growing season are the main factors in the determination of seed yield and nutrient use efficiency. Field experiments were conducted with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) in 1998 and 1999 at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, to determine the biomass accumulation and plant nutrient uptake at different growth stages, and their relationship with days after emergence (DAE) and growing degree days (GDD). All crops generally followed a similar pattern of biomass and nutrient accumulation in the growing season, which increased continuously with growing time, with much faster increase at early growth stages than at late growth stages. Maximum biomass accumulation rate and amount usually occurred at late boot stage (46–47 DAE or 443–460 GDD) and ripening stage (89–90 DAE or 948–1050 GDD), respectively. Maximum rate of nutrient uptake occurred at tillering to stem elongation stages (22–36 DAE or 149–318 GDD). Maximum amount of nutrient uptake generally occurred at the beginning of flowering to medium milk stages (61–75 DAE or 612–831 GDD), except for P in 1998 when it occurred at late milk to ripening stages (80–90 DAE or 922–1050 GDD). In general, the maximum nutrient uptake rate and amount, respectively, occurred earlier than maximum biomass accumulation rate and amount. For various cereal species/cultivars, maximum biomass accumulation rate was 204–232 kg ha-1 d-1, and maximum uptake rate of N, P, K and S, respectively, was 3.2–5.7, 0.30–0.60, 3.85–7.05 and 0.45–0.60 kg ha-1 d-1. The findings suggest that a sufficient supply of nutrients from soil and fertilizers at early growth stages is of great importance for optimum crop yield. Key words: Barley, biomass accumulation, cereals, growth stages, nutrient uptake, oat, wheat

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Kinetics of Antigens Accumulation in the Process of Periodical Submerged Cultivation of Vibrio cholerae 569В Inaba with Limitation as Regards Carbonic Substrate

2014 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
A. V. Komissarov ◽  
A. K. Nikiforov ◽  
S. N. Zadokhin ◽  
S. A. Eremin ◽  
O. A. Volokh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cultivation Process ◽  
Kinetics Of

Presented is mathematical model of kinetics of the process of O-antigen and cholera toxin synthesis during periodical submerged cultivation of V. cholerae 569В Inaba with limitation as regards carbonic substrate. The proposed model is based upon analysis of experimental data on V. cholerae 569В Inaba biomass and antigens accumulation, rate of growth and antigens release, and glucose utilization. Using Mathcad 15.0 software calculated are coefficients of differential equations entering into the mathematical model. Comparison of predicted and experimental data demonstrates that relative error of determination of concentrations of the synthesized substances, glucose and cholera vibrio is between 5 and 20 %. The proposed model permits to determine maximum output of final products and specify the parameters of cultivation process performance at different initial conditions.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of the edible mushroom Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél grown in liquid medium

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e58474
Author(s):  
Cleudiane Pereira de Andrade ◽  
Aldiane Passos de Oliveira ◽  
Victor Matheus Cabral Vieira ◽  
Bruna Ketley Paes Frazão ◽  
Raiana Silveira Gurgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Biological Action ◽  
Pleurotus Eryngii ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Potato Culture ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Edible mushrooms have a number of medicinal properties and this study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Pleurotus eryngii DPUA1816 in metabolic broths after being grown in submerged cultivation. Mycelial fragments of pure P. eryngii culture was inoculated in sweet potato culture medium and incubated at 150 rpm for 15 days at 25°C. Pleurotus eryngii was also cultivated for 18 days under the same conditions, the mycelial biomass was separated by filtration for quantification. The supernatant was used in the diffusion test in agar and performed against Escherichia coli CCCD-E005, Staphylococcus aureus CCCD-S009, Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCCD-P004, Candida albicans CCCD-CC001, Candida parapsilosis CCCD-CC004 and Candida tropicalis CCCD-CC002. The samples showed no inhibitory activity against bacteria, however they showed some activity against C. albicans (12.17 mm), C. parapsilosis (27.67 mm) and C. tropicalis (13.67 mm). After being cultivated for 18 days, P. eryngii was able to inhibit all yeasts after 12 days of culture, with an inhibition halo of 29.33 mm at 16 days against C. parapsilosis. This study demonstrates the antifungal potential filtered liquids from P. eryngii cultivated in purple-skinned sweet potato culture medium, which suggests the possibility of the use of this species by the pharmaceutical industry as a natural source of biological action.

scholarly journals Domestication of Red Seaweed (Gelidium latifolium) in Different Culture Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Andri Wijayanto ◽  
Ita Widowati ◽  
Tjahjo Winanto
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gelidium Latifolium ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Gelidium latifolium is one of red seaweed types potentially can be developed as an industrial raw material. Since Gelidium is currently taken from ocean, the availability of seaweed from aquaculture is necessary to overcome the small number of its availability in nature. In Indonesia, G. latifolium cultivation has not been carried out so that domestication is required. The use of macro and micro nutrients in growth media is essentially needed for the domestication process. Domestication requires fast media and place for growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the growth of biomass and the survival of G. latifolium in different culture media. The study was conducted in a semi-outdoor research laboratory. The method used in this research is laboratory experimental method and Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with the treatment applied using 3 types of culture media (Urea: Za: TSP) by comparison (A) 100: 50: 50% (2 g.L-1), (B) 75: 75: 50% (2 g.L-1) and (C) 75: 50: 75% (2 g.L-1), with 3 replications. The seaweed was kept in 10 L of water in aeration equipped aquarium and filled with 10 g of G. latifolium on each treatment. The best growth rate of G. latifolium biomass is 5.67± 0.58 g and 100±0% are survived in C culture medium with a concentration of 75% Urea: 50% ZA: 75% TSP (2 g.L-1).

scholarly journals Hyperconcentrated Sweet Whey, a New Culture Medium That Enhances Propionibacterium freudenreichii Stress Tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (15) ◽  
pp. 4641-4651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Huang ◽  
Houem Rabah ◽  
Julien Jardin ◽  
Valérie Briard-Bion ◽  
Sandrine Parayre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Propionibacterium Freudenreichii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sweet Whey

ABSTRACTPropionibacterium freudenreichiiis used as a cheese-ripening starter and as a probiotic. Its reported physiological effects at the gut level, including modulation of bifidobacteria, colon epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and intestinal inflammation, rely on active metabolismin situ. Survival and activity are thus key factors determining its efficacy, creating stress adaptation and tolerance bottlenecks for probiotic applications. Growth media and growth conditions determine tolerance acquisition. We investigated the possibility of using sweet whey, a dairy by-product, to sustainP. freudenreichiigrowth. It was used at different concentrations (dry matter) as a culture medium. Using hyperconcentrated sweet whey led to enhanced multistress tolerance acquisition, overexpression of key stress proteins, and accumulation of intracellular storage molecules and compatible solutes, as well as enhanced survival upon spray drying. A simplified process from growth to spray drying of propionibacteria was developed using sweet whey as a 2-in-1 medium to both cultureP. freudenreichiiand protect it from heat and osmotic injury without harvesting and washing steps. As spray drying is far cheaper and more energy efficient than freeze-drying, this work opens new perspectives for the sustainable development of new starter and probiotic preparations with enhanced robustness.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we demonstrate that sweet whey, a dairy industry by-product, not only allows the growth of probiotic dairy propionibacteria, but also triggers a multitolerance response through osmoadaptation and general stress response. We also show that propionibacteria accumulate compatible solutes under these culture conditions, which might account for the limited loss of viability after spray drying. This work opens new perspectives for more energy-efficient production of dairy starters and probiotics.

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