scholarly journals Dripping test to assessment the water content in frozen chicken carcases commercialized in Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Camila Regina Souza Fonseca ◽  
Rute Bianchini Pontuschka ◽  
Jerônimo Vieira Dantas Filho ◽  
Ademilson de Assis Dias ◽  
Bruna Laurindo Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
White Meat ◽  
Water Losses

The growth in demand for chicken meat is due to the increase in demand for white meat, as they are considered tasty and at an attractive price. Therefore, the search for quality is essential. In Brazil, the water loss due to the melting of the carcasses is controlled by companies and by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) and, frequently, they analyze water loss from the carcasses above the limits required by the legislation. Given the assumption, the aimed of this study was to evaluate the water losses due to thawing in frozen chicken carcasses marketed in the municipality of Ji-Paraná, Rondônia, Brazil. There 25 carcasses of whole frozen chickens were evaluated, from six brands, lots and different establishments, submitted to standardized conditions for the performance of the Dripping test, in order to verify the percentage of water absorbed by the carcasses. It was found that 48% of the samples showed water loss beyond that allowed by the current legislation, which is 6%. When observing that almost half of the evaluated carcasses showed irregularities in relation to the legislation, it is understood that the companies that supply these products should be better inspected, carrying out Dripping test analyzes periodically to reduce or eliminate this type of crime.

scholarly journals Evaluation of water loss in transit and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Cristian Epifanio Toledo ◽  
João Carlos Mohn Nogueira ◽  
Alexandre De Amorim Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reservoir Basin ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Semi Arid

The objective of this work was to propose and evaluate a model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff in a Brazilian semi-arid basin, fundamental components in the hydrological studies of the region, such as in the verification of hydrological connectivity. The study area was the Orós Reservoir Basin, located in the state of Ceará. The modeling of transit water loss and surface runoff were developed based on the work of Araújo and Ribeiro (1996) and Peter et al. (2014). In the proposed model, the parameter of loss in transit (k) was estimated at 0.027 km-1 for a section of the river basin, and when simulated for other stretches it provided good flow results at the end of the stretch, obtaining an NSE of 82%. The value of the runoff coefficient was estimated at 3% and when evaluating a spatial variation of this coefficient in the basin, the values varied from 2% to 12%, and the use of specialized runoff coefficient (RC) values promoted a higher NSE in the discharge simulation in the basin. It is concluded that the proposed model to estimate transit water losses and surface runoff demonstrated a high efficiency in the simulation of hydrological processes. The basin of Orós reservoir presented a high variability of the coefficient of surface runoff, justifying the need for a greater spatiality of this coefficient in heterogeneous environments.

Simultaneous Measurements of Spiracular and Cuticular Water Losses in Periplaneta Americana: Implications for Whole-Animal Mass Loss Studies

1991 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. MACHIN ◽  
P. KESTLER ◽  
G. J. LAMPERT
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Variable Activity ◽  
Cuticular Permeability ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Animal Mass ◽  
Principal Contributor ◽  
Water Contents

Spiracular and cutaneous water loss through the cuticle and spiracles of Periplaneta americana was measured in animals of differing initial water contents under controlled temperature, humidity and airflow conditions, by continuous weighing (resolution ±10μg). Stable water loss rates (2.09×10−8 to 3.47×10−8gh−1cm−2Pa−1) were as much as an order of magnitude less than those reported in earlier studies employing intermittent weighing techniques. We suggest that increased water loss caused by substantial increases in ventilatory water loss during the episodic disturbances required by intermittent weighing is the principal contributor to this discrepancy. Water losses, as well as the interval between spiracular ventilations, decreased with water content. However, greater variation was primarily due to interruptions of the regular cyclic pattern of ventilation by highly variable, activity-related bouts of increased ventilatory loss. Variations in water loss appear to be too large and too rapid to be convincingly explained in terms of cuticular conductance. Our results suggest that previous experiments using 5% CO2 anaesthesia, linking changes in total water loss to the conducting properties of the cuticle, were not valid. There seems to be no adaptive value for the proposed voluntary increases in cuticular permeability in an animal where ventilatory water losses can be so high.

scholarly journals Soil and Water Loss Rates in Oxisols Under No-tillage System in Western Paraná, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Luana Salete Celante ◽  
Deonir Secco ◽  
Aracéli Ciotti de Marins ◽  
Daniela Trentin Nava ◽  
Flávio Gurgacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Soil And Water Loss ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Soil Losses ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Loss Rates

The objective of work was to quantify soil and water loss rates as a function of slope variation, correlating these rates with soybean yield. In addition to developing multiple linear regression models that associate water and soil loss rates in function of their physical attributes. The experiment was conducted in an Oxisols under a no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in Cascavel, PR, Brazil. Four slopes (3.5%; 8.2%; 11.4% and 13.5%) were considered as treatments. The water and soil loss rates were monitored in the rainfall occurring during the crop development cycle. The water drained in each plot was collected in gutters made of polyvinyl chloride and stored in containers for the quantification of soil and water losses. The stepwise backward method was used to identify the variables that had a significant influence on water and soil losses. The unevenness of the terrain did not influence the soil and water loss rates. The maximum soil and water losses during the soybean cycle were, respectively, 0.01962 Mg ha-1 and 4.07 m3 ha-1. The maximum soil and water losses occurred when the precipitation volume was up to 82 mm. Soil and water losses showed a higher correlation with macroporosity and bulk density. Soybean grain yield showed a higher linear correlation with water, and soil loss and was higher at the slopes of 8.2% and 13.4%. The low water and soil losses demonstrate the soil capacity, managed under a no-tillage system, to minimize environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Managing Apparent Loss and Real Loss from the Nexus Perspective Using System Dynamics

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Seo Hyung Choi ◽  
Bongwoo Shin ◽  
Eunher Shin
Keyword(s):  
System Dynamics ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Water System ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Urban Water System ◽  
Apparent Loss

When water utilities establish water loss control programs, they traditionally focus on apparent loss rather than real loss when considering economic feasibility in the water sector. There is an urgent need for new management approaches that can address complex relationships and ensure the sustainability of natural resources among different sectors. This study suggests a novel approach for water utilities to manage water losses from the water-energy (WE) Nexus perspective. The Nexus model uses system dynamics to simulate twelve scenarios with the differing status of water loss and energy intensities. This analysis identifies real loss as one of the main causes of resource waste and an essential factor from the Nexus perspective. It also demonstrates that the energy intensity of each process in the urban water system has a significant impact on resource use and transfer. The consumption and movement of resources can be quantified in each process involved in the urban water system to distinguish central and vulnerable processes. This study suggests that the Nexus approach can strongly contribute to quantifying the use and movement of resources between water and energy sectors and the strategic formulation of sustainable and systematic water loss management strategies from the Nexus perspective.

scholarly journals EFFEKTIVITAS MIKROKAPSUL OLEORESIN FULI PALA (Myristica fragrans HOUTT) SEBAGAI PENGAWET DAGING AYAM BROILER

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Alston Millan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Coating Technology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Myristica Fragrans Houtt ◽  
Solid Liquid

Nutmeg oleoresin microcapsule is the solid, liquid, and gas coating technology of the nutmeg fruit.  The purpose of this study was to know how mace nutmeg oleoresin microcapsules could preserve the broiler chicken meat at room temperature during 4 days of observation. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with mace concentration of nutmeg microcapsules oleoresin (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200) ppm. The variables observed were water content, pH value, total microbes, and organoleptic properties (color, aroma, and texture). The results showed that mace nutmeg oleoresin microcapsules did not affect (p> 0.05)  water content and sensory properties of broiler chicken meat, but had a significant effect (p <0.05) on the pH value and total microbe at the same day of room temperature storage. Panel organoleptic test results on the level of preference for meat color, aroma, and texture of chicken meat were in the range score of 3 (somewhat like) to 4 (somewhat dislike). The treatments of nutmeg oleoresin did not affect (p> 0.05) on color, the aroma, and the texture of broiler chicken meat. This research shows that marinating using oleoresin microcapsules has not been effective as a preservative to broiler chicken meat at room temperature. Keywords: chicken meat, mace nutmeg oleoresin microcapsules

INSENSIBLE WATER LOSS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avroy A. Fanaroff ◽  
Michael Wald ◽  
Howard S. Gruber ◽  
Marshall H. Klaus
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Heat Shield ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Large Water

Insensible water loss (IWL) was determined from measurements of insensible weight loss during the first 7 weeks of life on 30 immature and nine small-for-gestational age, low birth weight infants. Under standard conditions (single-walled incubator, infant nude, gavage feeding), 10 infants with birth weights less than 1,250 gm, gestational age &lt; 230 days (32 weeks) and postnatal age &lt;10 days lost &gt;2.5 gm/kg/hr (equivalent to 60-120 ml/kg/day), considerably higher than previously reported. Studies following the insertion of a plastic heat shield revealed a 25% reduction in IWL. The heat shield facilitates achievement of neutral thermal environment and reduced water losses in low birth weight infants. IWL measurements in infants with birth weights &gt;1,500 gm and those small-for-gestational age were similar to previously reported studies. Because of the known limited ability of small immature infants to increase metabolic rate, these extremely high losses are believed to represent disproportionately larger water losses from skin. Skin factors predisposing to large water loss in immature infants include thinner epidermis, increased water content, and increased permeability.

Abstract 23: Body Fluid And Sodium Loss Leads To Aldosterone Hypersecretion And Muscle Catabolism In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rats.

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kidoguchi ◽  
Kento Kitada ◽  
Daisuke Nakano ◽  
Takashi Yokoo ◽  
Akira Nishiyama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Hepatocellular Cancer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Body Sodium ◽  
Muscle Catabolism

Background: The number of cancer survivors coincides with cardiovascular diseases is increasing, therefore, we are promoting the concept of “Onco-Hypertension” to clarify the mechanism linking cancer and blood pressure. In this study, we evaluated body osmolyte and water imbalance in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) model rats. Methods: Wistar rats were administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (1.5 μg/day, p.o.), a carcinogenic drug, for 8 weeks to establish liver cancer. Three weeks after the completion of DEN administration, we investigated blood pressure, tissue osmolyte and water content, and its association with aldosterone secretion. Results: HCC rats significantly reduced blood pressure, skin sodium, potassium, and water content. In the carcass (muscle + bone), dry weight, sodium, potassium, and water content were dramatically reduced without changing bone mass in HCC rats, suggesting that HCC causes muscle wasting to supply osmolyte and water for the dehydrated organs. These osmolytes and water loss were significantly associated with increased urinary aldosterone excretion. Supplementation of 0.25% salt water to drink improved body sodium and water loss and muscle wasting in HCC rats, which were completely suppressed by treatment with spironolactone (75 mg/kg/day, p.o.), a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker. Conclusion: These findings suggest that HCC causes body osmolyte and water loss, which leads to aldosterone hypersecretion and muscle catabolism to compensate for dehydration. A relatively small amount of salt supplement ameliorates the HCC-induced dehydration and muscle wasting via aldosterone/MR-mediated sodium and water restoration.

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