Long-Term Accumulation of Metals in the Skeleton as Related to Osteoporotic Derangements

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 6837-6848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Bjorklund ◽  
Lyudmila Pivina ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Yuliya Semenova ◽  
Salvatore Chirumbolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Total Body

The concentrations of metals in the environment are still not within the recommended limits as set by the regulatory authorities in various countries because of human activities. They can enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in soft and hard tissues/organs, often with a long half-life of the metal in the body. Metal exposure has a negative impact on bone health and may result in osteoporosis and increased fracture risk depending on concentration and duration of metal exposure and metal species. Bones are a long-term repository for lead and some other metals, and may approximately contain 90% of the total body burden in birds and mammals. The present review focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, and aluminum) and their effects on bone tissue, considering the possibility of the long-term bone accumulation, and also some differences that might exist between different age groups in the whole population.

Estimation of Mercury Body Burden from Dental Amalgam: Computer Simulation of a Metabolic Compartmental Model

1986 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1415-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Vimy ◽  
A.J. Luft ◽  
F.L. Lorscheider
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Total Body

Estimated release rates of Hg vapor from dental amalgams permitted calculation of the potential Hg body burden by employing a four-compartment model for inorganic and elemental Hg distribution. A computer program, compatible with most personal computers, simulated the cumulative and incremental distribution in each compartment and total body accumulation between 1 and 10,000 days for different daily Hg dosages. For a given Hg dose of 30 μ g/day, metabolic compartments R1-R3 were close to equilibrium at 5, 100, and 300 days, respectively; whereas by 10,000 days, R4 closely approximated total body burden and had not yet attained equilibrium. Projected values obtained with the computer model were consistent with results obtained by another method using a standard tissue burden equation, which employed experimentally determined tissue half-lives for blood and CNS. The model predicted that continuous exposure to elemental Hg vapor, at 30 μ g/day for 10 years, would result in a total Hg body burden of 5.9 mg, of which 4.8 mg could be contained in R4. Assuming that the Hg in R4 displayed uniform distribution throughout the body, then the brain concentration was estimated to be 68 nglg wet weight. In contrast, if Hg in R4 reflected long-term preferential accumulation in brain and other neural tissue, then concentrations as high as 4.0 μ g/g could be attained. However, predictions of Hg concentrations in blood and urine were well within established ranges, and were unlikely to be of utility in assessing effects of chronic low-dose Hg exposure. It is concluded that the CNS could accumulate a substantial amount of Hg over extended time, based on low-dose elemental Hg vapor exposure via inhalation from dental amalgams.

The UK Blood Lead Monitoring Programme 1984-1987: Results for 1986

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Quinn ◽  
H.T. Delves
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Content ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control

The Department of the Environment (DOE) undertook an extensive programme to monitor blood lead concentrations annually over the period 1984 to 1987 in the context of the reduction in the maximum permissible lead content of petrol from 0.4 to 0.15 g/l from 1st January 1986. Blood samples (all venous) were analysed for lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS); considerable efforts were made to ensure the validity of the analytical results. In 1986, emissions from petrol driven vehicles effectively fell by 60% and air lead concentrations fell by just over 50%. Against the background of a long-term downward trend in blood lead concentrations of 4-5% per year, there were average falls in blood lead in 1986, compared with 1985, of around 1 μg/100 ml (9-10%) for adults in both 'exposed' and 'control' groups; about 2 μg/100 ml (18%) in traffic police; and about 1.5 μg/100 ml (16%) in children. Levels fell in 1986 in all age groups, in all social classes, and in all categories of smoking and drinking habits, age of dwelling and length of residence. Exposure to lead from a number of sources was being reduced simultaneously; blood lead concentrations probably fell in both 1985 and in 1986 for reasons additional to the reduction in the lead content of petrol. For children, petrol lead appeared to have been made a slightly larger contribution to the body burden than for adults.

scholarly journals A Review of Metal Exposure and Its Effects on Bone Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Rodríguez ◽  
Patricia Mónica Mandalunis
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Metal Type ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Bone Dynamics ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

The presence of metals in the environment is a matter of concern, since human activities are the major cause of pollution and metals can enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in hard and soft tissues/organs, which results in a long half-life of the metal in the body. Metal intoxication has a negative impact on human health and can alter different systems depending on metal type and concentration and duration of metal exposure. The present review focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, chromium, lead, aluminum, titanium, and iron, as well as metalloid arsenic) and their effects on bone tissue. Both the lack and excess of these metals in the body can alter bone dynamics. Long term exposure and short exposure to high concentrations induce an imbalance in the bone remodeling process, altering both formation and resorption and leading to the development of different bone pathologies.

scholarly journals Human Body Burden of Heavy Metals and Health Consequences of Pb Exposure in Guiyu, an E-Waste Recycling Town in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12428
Author(s):  
Wenlong Huang ◽  
Xiaoling Shi ◽  
Kusheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Pb Exposure

Guiyu accommodates millions of tons of e-waste from overseas and domestic sources each year and is notorious for its e-waste dismantling industry. As a consequence, Guiyu has been described as “the world’s most toxic place” and “junk town”. Informal e-waste recycling activities have caused severe pollution to the local environment and are associated with extensive health problems to the residents. This review provides updated insights on the body burden of heavy metals derived from e-waste and health outcomes resulted from lead (Pb) exposure. The review identified that Guiyu has been highly contaminated by heavy metals, especially Pb. Excessive exposure to Pb has been associated with multi-system and long-term effects in neonates and children, covering nervous, cardiovascular, adaptive immune, and hematologic systems as well as chromosome and DNA damage. Our review indicates strong associations that emphasize the need to develop strong regulations for prevention of exposure and health consequences in Guiyu and similar sites around the world.

In Vivo X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis for Medical Diagnosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ahlgren ◽  
T. Grönberg ◽  
S. Mattsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Burden ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensitive Function ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Medical Interest

Occupational exposure to lead is common in many industrial applications and hence it is of considerable medical interest to control the body-burden of lead in living man. More than 90 % of the lead in the body is concentrated in bone and hence in vivo measurements of the lead in the skeleton should give the most satisfactory way for estimating the body-burden. The routine method used today for checking on lead contamination is that of measurements on blood samples. However, since the concentration of lead in the blood is a sensitive function of the actual exposure conditions, this method provides only a poor indication of the total body-burden and the integrated lead exposure.

scholarly journals Negative impact of manganese on honeybee foraging

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 20140989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirik Søvik ◽  
Clint J. Perry ◽  
Angie LaMora ◽  
Andrew B. Barron ◽  
Yehuda Ben-Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Manganese Exposure ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Risk Factor ◽  
Long Term Impact

Anthropogenic accumulation of metals such as manganese is a well-established health risk factor for vertebrates. By contrast, the long-term impact of these contaminants on invertebrates is mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrate that manganese ingestion alters brain biogenic amine levels in honeybees and fruit flies. Furthermore, we show that manganese exposure negatively affects foraging behaviour in the honeybee, an economically important pollinator. Our findings indicate that in addition to its direct impact on human health, the common industrial contaminant manganese might also have indirect environmental and economical impacts via the modulation of neuronal and behavioural functions in economically important insects.

scholarly journals Biochemical parameters of blood plasma of the male population living on the territory of the Aral Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Zhanbol Sabirov ◽  
◽  
Aliya Eshmagambetova ◽  
Gul'zhazira Turlybekova ◽  
Nazira Duzbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Percentage

The Aral Sea ecological disaster zone affects the health status of the population living in this zone. Biochemical parameters are indicators of the metabolic functionality of the body. The article presents data about the biochemical parameters of blood plasma in the male population living in the ecological crisis zone of the Aral Sea region. It is shown that when determining the majority of indicators of biochemical analysis within the physiological norm, there is a significant percentage of people with deviations in these indicators. Such data make it possible to assume about the factors that can affect the entire population and have massive manifestations. Certainly, these factors, include the negative impact of the environment on public health. An increase in gamma — glutamyltransferase was found in 41 % of the subjects, an increase in cholesterol in 38 % and an increase in triglycerides in 34 %. In the inhabitants of the Aral Sea, a correlation was found between the biochemical parameters of blood serum from the dose of chemicals. It was shown that long-term chemical load in the crisis zone of the Aral Sea region causes a deviation of protein metabolism. The results obtained indicate a significant percentage of people with metabolic stress in the process of adaptation to high chemical load.

Age-Dependent Frequencies of NPM-1/FLT3-ITD Mutations in Patients with Normal Karyotype AML

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2531-2531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Schneider ◽  
Eva Hoster ◽  
Michael Unterhalt ◽  
Stephanie Schneider ◽  
Annika Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Patient Âgé ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background: Long-term survival in NK-AML is influenced by different clinical and molecular markers. Whereas the presence of a NPM-1 mutation is associated with a positive prognostic effect on long-term outcome, the presence of a FLT3-ITD mutation has a negative impact on survival. Interestingly, a significant interaction between NPM-1 and FLT3-ITD mutations has been shown. The positive prognostic impact on clinical outcome was evident predominantly in patients with NK-AML carrying NPM1 gene mutations when FLT3-internal tandem duplications (ITD) were absent. In contrast, the survival in all other groups of NPM-1 and FLT3-ITD combinations was not different so far. A clinical parameter with negative impact on all outcome parameters (OS, EFS, RFS, CR) is patient age at diagnosis. Certainly the worse prognosis in elderly patients is due to adverse patient characteristics and comorbidities. Nevertheless also disease-associated parameters reveal differences between older and younger patients with AML. Therefore we investigated the frequencies of NPM-1/FLT3-ITD mutations in different age groups. Patients and methods: Analyses were based on 803 patients with NK-AML included in the AMLCG (German AML Cooperative Group) 2000 trial until 01/2006. Patient age ranged from 17 to 85 years (median: 60 yrs). Information about the mutation status of NPM-1 and FLT3-ITD mutations at diagnosis was available in 689 patients. Patients were divided into six age groups (1: 17–30yrs; 2: 31–40yrs; 3: 41–50yrs; 4: 51–60yrs; 5: 61–70yrs; 6: 71–85yrs). The incidence of the molecular markers NPM-1 and FLT3-ITD as well as the four NPM-1 and FLT3-ITD combinations were calculated in cross tables (Pearson’s Chi Square test) in the different age groups. Results: In 689 patients with available mutations status we found a significant decrease in the frequency of the two molecular markers with higher age. Whereas the incidence of NPM-1 mutation decreased abruptly in patients >60 yrs [Group 1: 18/28 (64.3%), 2: 35/59 (59.3%), 3: 70/114 (61.4%), 4: 84/143 (58.7%), 5: 98/234 (41.9%), 6: 46/111 (41.4%); p<0.0001], the incidence of a FLT3-ITD decreased continuously with increasing age [Group 1: 14/28 (50.0%), 2: 21/59 (35.6%), 3: 36/114 (31.6%), 4: 47/143 (32.9%), 5: 60/234 (25.6%), 6: 22/111 (19.8%); p=0.013)]. Combining both markers we found a significant relative increase of NPM-1−/FLT3-ITD− patients (p<0.0001) with a sharp cut at 60 years whereas the NPM-1+/FLT3-ITD+ group diminished continuously (p=0.020). The proportion of the positive prognostic group of NPM-1+/FLT3-ITD− patients showed an increase between 40–60 years and a decrease afterwards (p=0.024) (see table 1 and figure 1). Conclusions: Our data show in a large cohort of 689 patients with NK-AML that the presence of mutations of the molecular markers NPM-1 and FLT3-ITD significantly decreases with age. Consequently the proportion of NPM-1−/FLT3-ITD− patients increases over time. This observation sheds light on the disease biology in older patients with AML. Table 1: Distribution of the NPM-1, FLT3-ITD and the 4 NPM-1/FLT3-ITD subgroups in different age groups age groups NPM-1 + % FLT3-ITD+ (%) NPM-1−/FLT3-ITD−(%) NPM-1+/FLT3-ITD+ (%) NPM-1−/FLT3-ITD+ (%) NPM-1+/FLT3-ITD− (%) 17–30 64.3 50.0 25.0 39.3 10.7 25.0 31–40 59.3 35.6 30.5 25.4 10.2 33.9 41–50 61.4 31.6 28.9 21.9 9.6 39.5 51–60 58.7 32.9 31.5 23.1 9.8 35.7 61–70 41.9 25.6 51.3 18.8 6.8 23.1 71–85 41 4 19.8 50.5 11.7 8.1 29.7 all age groups (%) 50.9 29.0 40.5 20.5 8.5 30.5 p-value < 0.0001*** 0.013* < 0.0001*** 0.020* 0.886 0.024* Figure 1: Proportions of the four NPM-1/FLT3-ITD subgroups in different age groups Figure 1:. Proportions of the four NPM-1/FLT3-ITD subgroups in different age groups

The partition of body fat in British Friesian and Jersey steers

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Butler-Hogg ◽  
J. D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Breed Difference ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Total Body

ABSTRACTNinety-two British Friesians and 62 Jersey castrated male cattle were slaughtered serially in five age groups at 13, 89, 170, 339 and 507 days, and dissected fully into lean, bone, intermuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, perirenal-retroperitoneal fat (kidney knob and channel fat), omental fat and mesenteric fat. The aim was to investigate the partition of body fat in these dairy breeds and the role of the partition of fat in determining carcass value.Relative to live weight, Friesians had more lean, subcutaneous fat and carcass fat (subcutaneous and intermuscular) at most ages, and Jerseys had more kidney knob and channel fat, and intra-abdominal fat. Friesians had a higher killing-out proportion and lean:bone ratio, and thicker subcutaneous fat.The order of increasing relative growth of fat depots with total body fat as the independent variable was, for Friesians: intermuscular < mesenteric < kidney knob and channel fat < subcutaneous < omental. In Jerseys the order was: intermuscular < mesenteric < subcutaneous < kidney knob and channel fat < omental. There were only small breed differences in the distribution of subcutaneous fat between eight regions. t I is suggested that, between breeds, there is a physiological link between the capacity for milk-fat production and the partition of fat within the body, with relatively high milk-fat producers depositing proportionately more fat intra-abdominally.Since the timing of slaughter is often determined by level of external finish in beef production, the breed difference in the partition of fat, which caused Jerseys to have a higher proportion of kidney knob and channel fat, and intermuscular fat, at the same proportion of subcutaneous fat, would reduce carcass value in Jerseys compared with Friesians.

Effect of Bone Density of the Head on Total Body Dexa Measurements in 100 Healthy Swedish Women

1996 ◽  
Vol 37 (1P1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Brismar ◽  
H. Ringertz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Change ◽  
Bone Mineral Measurements ◽  
Partial Body ◽  
Total Body

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the bone areal density of the head and how it varied in relation to the density of the rest of the skeleton, and with age, and body mass index (BMI). Our intention was to study the feasibility of excluding the head from the rest of the body, a method which might improve the fracture prediction power of bone mineral measurements. Material and Methods: Bone mineral per area (BMA) and bone mineral content (BMC) (g) were determined in 100 consecutive female volunteers, aged 17 to 78 years, with total and partial body measurements. Results: BMC of the head was found to be 20.2±2.2% of that for the total body. The BMA of the head was 2.38±0.21 times higher than that of the rest of the body. The correlation between the BMA of the head and the rest of the body was significant (r=0.73). The average change in z-score (referred to the same age group in our material) was 0.20 when the head was excluded from total body BMA. The BMA of a) total body, b) total body, head excluded, and c) head decreased with age. The BMA of the head was correlated to BMI in the older age groups (p<0.01). The relative statistical uncertainty for repeated measurement of head BMA was 1.8%. Conclusion: The change of the bone density of the head with age and BMI, in comparison to that of the rest of the skeleton, suggests that when the head is excluded from total body BMA better predictive value for fracture risk is obtained.

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