scholarly journals A Review of Metal Exposure and Its Effects on Bone Health

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Rodríguez ◽  
Patricia Mónica Mandalunis
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Metal Type ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Bone Dynamics ◽  
Cadmium Zinc

The presence of metals in the environment is a matter of concern, since human activities are the major cause of pollution and metals can enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in hard and soft tissues/organs, which results in a long half-life of the metal in the body. Metal intoxication has a negative impact on human health and can alter different systems depending on metal type and concentration and duration of metal exposure. The present review focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, mercury, chromium, lead, aluminum, titanium, and iron, as well as metalloid arsenic) and their effects on bone tissue. Both the lack and excess of these metals in the body can alter bone dynamics. Long term exposure and short exposure to high concentrations induce an imbalance in the bone remodeling process, altering both formation and resorption and leading to the development of different bone pathologies.

Long-Term Accumulation of Metals in the Skeleton as Related to Osteoporotic Derangements

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (40) ◽  
pp. 6837-6848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Bjorklund ◽  
Lyudmila Pivina ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Yuliya Semenova ◽  
Salvatore Chirumbolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Body Burden ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Cadmium Lead ◽  
Total Body

The concentrations of metals in the environment are still not within the recommended limits as set by the regulatory authorities in various countries because of human activities. They can enter the food chain and bioaccumulate in soft and hard tissues/organs, often with a long half-life of the metal in the body. Metal exposure has a negative impact on bone health and may result in osteoporosis and increased fracture risk depending on concentration and duration of metal exposure and metal species. Bones are a long-term repository for lead and some other metals, and may approximately contain 90% of the total body burden in birds and mammals. The present review focuses on the most common metals found in contaminated areas (mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, iron, and aluminum) and their effects on bone tissue, considering the possibility of the long-term bone accumulation, and also some differences that might exist between different age groups in the whole population.

scholarly journals Metallothionein and Glutathione Content as Biomarkers of Metal Pollution in Mussels and Local Fishermen in Abu Qir Bay, Egypt

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza A. Saad ◽  
Amany El-Sikaily ◽  
Hany Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metal Exposure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Abu Qir Bay

Background. When heavy metals accumulate in air, soil, and water, the risk of human exposure increases among industrial workers, as well as in people living near polluted areas. Heavy metals adversely affect a variety of bodily systems such as the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, immune, and reproductive systems. In addition, long-term exposure and accumulation of heavy metals in the body may disturb oxidative stress genes and thus increase the susceptibility to various diseases. Objectives. The aim of this study is to estimate the metallothionein concentration in both mussel samples from Abu Qir Bay, Egypt and the blood of local fishermen as a biomarker of exposure to metal pollution. Methods. Levels of metallothionein and heavy metals were measured in mussels. Blood levels of metallothionein and heavy metals of local fishermen were measured and compared with a control group. The effect of heavy metal exposure on oxidative stress status was investigated through the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and glutathione content. Results. The results of this study showed high concentrations of metallothionein in mussels and in fishermen's blood, accompanied by high concentrations of metals such as cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and zinc (Zn). At the same time, a significant decrease in glutathione content and catalase enzyme activity was associated with a significant increase in the malondialdehyde concentrations in sera of fishermen. Conclusions. The present study found that the El Maadiya region is polluted with heavy metals, inducing oxidative stress in fishermen in the vicinity. These results reveal the necessity of further environmental monitoring in the study area in order to evaluate other types of pollutants and their effects on human health.

scholarly journals Parycalcitol + J131 - A New Route to Treatment Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Long-term Dialysis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Radosław Drozd ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Phosphate Binding

Two cases with the dramatic course of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on long-term dialysis. Has anything possible been done in management of these patients? Complications associated with impaired bone mineralization among patients with chronic kidney disease on long-term dialysis are observed frequently with an array of pathologic processes being found. Kidney osteodystrophy may be associated with either increased or decreased (adynamic bone disease, osteomalacia, aluminum-induced osteopenia) bone metabolism, as well as mixed forms related to the B2 microglobulin amyloidosis. Differential diagnosis of various types of osteopathy is difficult and is usually based on the histologic assessment of the bone biopsy. The most typical bone complication in patients with impaired kidney function is osetodistophy with increased bone metabolism, caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism clinically manifesting as osteitis fibrosa. High serum levels of PTH induce osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Early changes, with characteristic increase in the woven osteoid suggesting early, increased osteoplastic bone resorption may be found in a significant percentage of patients with GFR>60ml/min/1,73m2 of the body surface. Lower values of the GFR are associated with both faster bone synthesis and more active resorption with progressive increase in the intraosseous fibrosis and decreased bone mineralization. As the abnormalities progress, which is especially marked in patients on long-term dialysis, a rage of clinical symptoms, such as: severe bone and joint pain, bone deformation, pathological fractures, especially in the spinal region, calcifications of the soft tissues and vessels, including heart valves and lungs. In children, the most common abnormality is growth impairment. In some patient’s skin calcifications, with subsequent necrosis, due to increased calcium deposition in small and medium arteries. The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical picture, biochemical parameters (calcium and phosphate ratio, parathormone levels, characteristic radiologic charges and sometimes, bone histology. Prevention and treatment of these complications includes effective dialysis, appropriate low-phosphate diet with limitation of the protein supply to the 0.8g/kg of the body mass, adequate calcium and active Vitamin D3 supply, introduction of the phosphate binding medications (sevelamer or lantan) as well as calcimimetic use (substances activating parathyroid gland calcium receptors inhibiting both its up-regulation and PTH secretion). In the severe cases, with insufficient effect of the treatment described above, parathyroidectomy is required after close ultrasound and scintigraphy-based assessment of these glands. However, even such treatment may be insufficient in some cases, as presented below.

scholarly journals Biochemical parameters of blood plasma of the male population living on the territory of the Aral Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Zhanbol Sabirov ◽  
◽  
Aliya Eshmagambetova ◽  
Gul'zhazira Turlybekova ◽  
Nazira Duzbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Male Population ◽  
Significant Percentage

The Aral Sea ecological disaster zone affects the health status of the population living in this zone. Biochemical parameters are indicators of the metabolic functionality of the body. The article presents data about the biochemical parameters of blood plasma in the male population living in the ecological crisis zone of the Aral Sea region. It is shown that when determining the majority of indicators of biochemical analysis within the physiological norm, there is a significant percentage of people with deviations in these indicators. Such data make it possible to assume about the factors that can affect the entire population and have massive manifestations. Certainly, these factors, include the negative impact of the environment on public health. An increase in gamma — glutamyltransferase was found in 41 % of the subjects, an increase in cholesterol in 38 % and an increase in triglycerides in 34 %. In the inhabitants of the Aral Sea, a correlation was found between the biochemical parameters of blood serum from the dose of chemicals. It was shown that long-term chemical load in the crisis zone of the Aral Sea region causes a deviation of protein metabolism. The results obtained indicate a significant percentage of people with metabolic stress in the process of adaptation to high chemical load.

scholarly journals Chronic Sulfasalazine Treatment in Mice Induces System xc− - Independent Adverse Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lise Verbruggen ◽  
Lindsay Sprimont ◽  
Eduard Bentea ◽  
Pauline Janssen ◽  
Azzedine Gharib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
First Time

Despite ample evidence for the therapeutic potential of inhibition of the cystine/glutamate antiporter system xc− in neurological disorders and in cancer, none of the proposed inhibitors is selective. In this context, a lot of research has been performed using the EMA- and FDA-approved drug sulfasalazine (SAS). Even though this molecule is already on the market for decades as an anti-inflammatory drug, serious side effects due to its use have been reported. Whereas for the treatment of the main indications, SAS needs to be cleaved in the intestine into the anti-inflammatory compound mesalazine, it needs to reach the systemic circulation in its intact form to allow inhibition of system xc−. The higher plasma levels of intact SAS (or its metabolites) might induce adverse effects, independent of its action on system xc−. Some of these effects have however been attributed to system xc− inhibition, calling into question the safety of targeting system xc−. In this study we chronically treated system xc− - deficient mice and their wildtype littermates with two different doses of SAS (160 mg/kg twice daily or 320 mg/kg once daily, i.p.) and studied some of the adverse effects that were previously reported. SAS had a negative impact on the survival rate, the body weight, the thermoregulation and/or stress reaction of mice of both genotypes, and thus independent of its inhibitory action on system xc−. While SAS decreased the total distance travelled in the open-field test the first time the mice encountered the test, it did not influence this parameter on the long-term and it did not induce other behavioral changes such as anxiety- or depressive-like behavior. Finally, no major histological abnormalities were observed in the spinal cord. To conclude, we were unable to identify any undesirable system xc−-dependent effect of chronic administration of SAS.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP OF ADOLESCENTS BEHAVIOR TO CONSUMPTION OF SOFT DRINKS IN SMPN 5 PEKANBARU YEAR 2016

1930 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Alhidayati ◽  
Nurhapipa ◽  
Rahma Putri
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Soft Drinks ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Behavior consumption of soft drinks are the actions or deeds regarding how often consume soft drinks per week is calculated. Carbonated drinks consumption habits will have a negative impact when it accumulates in the long term. Have been many studies that explain the negative effects of soft drinks, including carcinogenic benzene in soft drinks is very high, high phosphate content of vital minerals in the body that can trigger heart disease (magnesiumdeficiency), osteoporosis (calcium deficiency) and more. Based on the survey results of the sale of soft drinks in the cafeteria, 5 schools with the highest sales level, is SMP N 5 Pekanbaru selling 6-7 boxes per month. This type of research is quantitative with cross sectional design which was held on 16-18 May 2016 in SMP N 5 Pekanbaru. The population of this research is all student grades 7 and 8 SMP N 5 Pekanbaru which amounted to 541 people, with a sample size of 115 people. Data collected technique by stratified random sampling use questionnaire measuring instrument. Univariate data analysis and use your bivariate chi-square test. The results showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge obtained value (p value = 0.001 value POR = 2.14), Effect of friends (p value = 0.006 value POR = 3.45), Access (p value = 0.029 value POR = 2.70), And advertisement (p value = 0:01 value POR = 3.20) with the consumption of soft drinks. Suggested to the relevant instance, that is SMP N 5 Pekanbaru to provide education and information to as many students on the impact of consuming soft drinks for health when consumed in the long term and excessive, and form healthy canteen, or supervise the beverage products , to minimize the beverage products are bad for health.

Comorbidities of Physical and Psychiatric Syndromes in Later Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia K. Manning ◽  
Lauren M. Bouchard ◽  
James L. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Complex Interactions

There is a great deal of concern about the increasing number of older adults who suffer from chronic disease. These conditions result in persistent health consequences and have an ongoing and long-term negative impact on people and their quality of life. Furthermore, the probability that a person will experience the onset of multiple chronic conditions, known as comorbidities, increases with age. Despite the prevalence of comorbidity in later life, scant research exists regarding specific patterns of disease and the co-occurrence and complex interactions of the chronic conditions most closely associated with aging. It is important to review the body of literature on comorbidities associated with physical and psychiatric syndromes in later life to gain an overview of some of the most commonly seen disorders in older adults: hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, arthritis, depression, and dementia. Specific patterns of disease and the co-occurrence and complex interactions of chronic conditions in later life are explored. In conclusion, we consider the need for a more informed understanding of comorbidity, as well as a related plan for addressing it.

Biomechanical Modeling of Human Finger

2013 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
Panaitescu Liess Radu
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Mechanical Vibration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Vibration White Finger ◽  
Human Finger ◽  
Stiffness And Damping

Many of the studies in the biomechanics of the human body made globally focused primarily on hand-arm. This segment of the human body is considered a "gateway" of vibrations to other parts of the body or to internal organs. A long-term exposure to these mechanical vibration (caused by vibrating hand equipment: drill, grinder, etc.) affects the soft tissues and may lead to a dangerous syndrome, that is particularly vibration white finger (VWF), which is narrowing of blood vessels, a phenomenon that in time and untreated can even cause gangrene. This article focuses on a dynamic model with three degrees of freedom of the human finger. Some dynamic characteristics, such as centre of gravity, stiffness and damping, using both a rigid body structure system and computer simulations can be determined after measuring the vibrations.

scholarly journals AN APPROACH OF THE INTRAOPERATIVE RESTORATION OF THE ANTERIOR WALL OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS FOR PRECANCEROUS DISEASES

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-183
Author(s):  
Alina V. Artamonova ◽  
O. A Samsonova ◽  
A. F Lazarev ◽  
G. M Glikenfreid ◽  
K. N Matviyenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
The Body ◽  
Layer By Layer

Osseous defects in the anterior wall of maxillary sinuses, which might appear as a result of maxillary sinusotomy, cause the retraction of soft tissues into the sinus with a follow-up adhesion to the posterior wall. This results in the obliteration of the sinus with scar tissue, formation of synechia, the obliteration of anastomosis and an increase in disease recurrences rate. We propose a new method of the plastic closure of the defect of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus to restore the continuity of osseous walls of sinuses, which can be used in ORL clinics, oncological centers or dental clinics. For the first time a fragment made from polyether-polytetrafluorethylene threads was used. This implant has all necessary properties: it is durable, flexible and elastic; it is light and bioinert, it has no negative impact on the body; it is easily treated and is available for the use. We determined exact indications for the plastic closure of the defect of the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Using of the implant and the placing it on the muscle-periosteal graft protects it from the contact with the mucous lining of the maxillary sinus. The fixation of this implant not only to the underlying soft tissues but also to the overlying ones, creates a good frame, whereas preliminary sinus sanitation by ultrasound cavitation and layer-by-layer low-frequency ultrasonication of stitches allows slash risks of infecting the plastic material and surrounding soft tissues and, as a result, to reduce the number of recurrences of the disease in patients.

scholarly journals CONTROL OF FINE MOTOR SKILLS IN WOMEN ENGAGED IN RECREATIONAL PHYSICAL CULTURE: BILATERAL INDICATORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Ashot Chatinyan ◽  
Elena Hakobyan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Physical Culture ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
Health Care Safety

The issue of studying the features of movement control among elderly people and the disclosureof ways to reduce the negative impact of involutional processes on the body functions areup-to-dateand relevant in terms of ensuring long-term health care safety and wellbeingfor the population in that age group. The reduced mobility of central nervous system forces older people to spend more time preparing, organizing and managing their own actions. First of all, self-regulation processes of the finest movements weaken: the elderly become unable to effectively control the movements of hands and especially fingers. In this regard, the issue of studying the influenceof recreational physical cultureon the indicators of fine movements control among the elderly is of scientific interest.

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