Mutations of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 1711-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Galitsyna ◽  
Andrey V. Zhelankin ◽  
Igor A. Sobenin ◽  
Alexander N. Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

In addition to external factors, such as exercise, food and the environment, genetic predisposition makes great contribution to the development of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. This review is aimed to examine the genetic basis of complex metabolic disorders conventionally described as "metabolic syndrome" (MetS), with the special focus on currently known mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, which are associated with both the individual components of MetS and combinations thereof, and also on the studies of the relationship of MetS phenotype as a binary trait. The defects in the mitochondrial genome should be considered as one of the possible genetic reasons leading to MetS. It is known that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with metabolic disorders, as mitochondria are the center of energy metabolism. Consequently, the changes in mitochondrial genes and their functions affect regulation of metabolism. Until now, the role of mitochondrial DNA damage in the development of cardiovascular diseases, age-related and metabolic disorders is still poorly understood. The results of performed studies would help assessing the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and related metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Ayurveda Internal Medicine for the Management of Common Metabolic Disorders W.S.R. to Madhumeha and Sthoulya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
Dhananjay S. Khot
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

The metabolic disorders are major health issues of today’s scenario and incidences of metabolic diseases increases day by day due to the disturbed pattern of life style. Ayurveda texts have described term “Santarpanjanya Vikaras” which resembles diseases of defective tissue metabolism. Ayurveda mentioned that improper dietary habits and sedentary life style affects state of Agni which resulted Ama production and finally leading to the metabolic syndrome. The vitiation of Dosha, diminish state of Dhatu and blockage of channels, etc. also can initiate pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. The Kayachikitsa branch of Ayurveda recommended use of internal medicine for the management of various metabolic disorders. Considering increased health burden of society due to the metabolic syndrome present article explore role of ayurveda internal medicine for the management of metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Ayurveda, metabolic syndrome, Santarpanjanya, Madhumeha and Sthoulya.       

scholarly journals Neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, mediated by the trace amines and their receptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Apryatin ◽  
Marina N. Karpenko ◽  
Zamira M. Muruzheva ◽  
Maria V. Bolshakova ◽  
Daria N. Magazenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Trace Amines ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The aim of the study is the modern scientific literature estimation in the field of the investigation of neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders mediated by the trace amines and their receptors. The analysis of modern ideas about the feedback of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases in which the trace amines and their receptors are involved was carried out. The important role of trace amines and their receptors in the regulation of the dopamine system, in connection with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinsons disease, ADHD, schizophrenia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and other pathological conditions, has been shown. Trace amines and their receptors have a direct effect on dopamine systems, being regulators of various metabolic and neurodegenerative processes, participating in energy metabolism, neurogenesis, and other vital processes.

scholarly journals The effects of assisted reproduction technologies on metabolic health and disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Florencia Heber ◽  
Grażyna Ewa Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Metabolic Alterations ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases places a substantial burden on human health throughout the world. It is believed that predisposition to metabolic disease starts early in life, a period of great susceptibility to epigenetic reprogramming due to environmental insults. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART), i.e., treatments for infertility, may affect embryo development, resulting in multiple adverse health outcomes in postnatal life. The most frequently observed alteration in ART pregnancies is impaired placental nutrient transfer. Moreover, consequent intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weight followed by catch-up growth can all predict future obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic metabolic diseases. Scope of the review In this review, we have focused on evidence of adverse metabolic alterations associated with ART, which can contribute to the development of chronic adult-onset diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Due to high phenotypic plasticity, ART pregnancies can produce both offspring with adverse health outcomes, as well as healthy individuals. We further discuss the sex-specific and age-dependent metabolic alterations reflected in ART offspring, and how the degree of interference of a given ART procedure (from mild to more severe manipulation of the egg) affects the occurrence and degree of offspring alterations. Major conclusions Over the last few years, studies have reported signs of cardiometabolic alterations in ART offspring that are detectable at a young age but that do not appear to constitute a high risk of disease and morbidity per se. These abnormal phenotypes could be early indicators of the development of chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome, in adulthood. The early detection of metabolic alterations could contribute to preventing the onset of disease in adulthood. Such early interventions may counteract the risk factors and improve the long-term health of the individual.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Serena Coppola ◽  
Carmen Avagliano ◽  
Antonio Calignano ◽  
Roberto Berni Canani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Individual

Worldwide obesity is a public health concern that has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is the major predisposing factor to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The common forms of obesity are multifactorial and derive from a complex interplay of environmental changes and the individual genetic predisposition. Increasing evidence suggest a pivotal role played by alterations of gut microbiota (GM) that could represent the causative link between environmental factors and onset of obesity. The beneficial effects of GM are mainly mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are small organic metabolites produced by fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch with vast beneficial effects in energy metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and immune responses regulation. An aberrant production of SCFAs has emerged in obesity and metabolic diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate emerged because it might have a potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities. Here we reviewed the preclinical and clinical data that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.

Endokrinológiai tényezők és metabolikus folyamatok szerepe az élettartam szabályozásában

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (33) ◽  
pp. 1318-1327
Author(s):  
Tamás Halmos ◽  
Ilona Suba
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related

Összefoglaló. Az emberek a lehető leghosszabb ideig akarnak élni, jó egészségben. Ha kiküszöbölnénk a kedvezőtlen külső körülményeket, a várható élettartam meghaladhatná a 100 évet. A 20. és 21. században a jóléti társadalmakban a várható élettartam jelentősen megnőtt, így Magyarországon is. Az áttekintett irodalom alapján megvizsgáltuk, hogy a genetika és az öröklődés mellett milyen endokrinológiai és metabolikus tényezők játszanak szerepet az élet meghosszabbításában. Megvizsgáltunk minden endogén tényezőt, amely pozitívan vagy negatívan befolyásolhatja az életkorral összefüggő betegségeket (Alzheimer-kór, szív- és érrendszeri betegségek, rák) és az élettartamot. Kiemeltük a hyperinsulinaemia, az inzulinrezisztencia, a metabolikus szindróma öregedést gyorsító hatását, az inzulinszerű növekedési hormon-1 ellentmondásos szerepét, valamint az élet meghosszabbításában részt vevő, újabban felfedezett peptideket, mint a klotho és a humanin. Ismertettük a mitochondriumok szerepét az élettartam meghatározásában, bemutattuk a mitohormesis folyamatát és annak stresszvédő funkcióját. Bemutattuk a rapamicin célszervét, az mTOR-t, amelynek gátlása meghosszabbítja az élettartamot, valamint a szirtuinokat. Kitértünk az autophagia folyamatára, és ismertettük a szenolitikumok szerepét az öregedésben. Az időskori autoimmunitás csökkenése hozzájárul az élettartam rövidüléséhez, utaltunk a thymus koordináló szerepére. Kiemeltük a bélmikrobiom fontos szerepét az élettartam szabályozásában. Hivatkoztunk a „centenáriusok” megfigyeléséből nyert humánadatokra. Megvizsgáltuk, milyen beavatkozási lehetőségek állnak rendelkezésre az egészségben tölthető élettartam meghosszabbításához. Az életmódbeli lehetőségek közül kiemeltük a kalóriabevitel-csökkentés és a testmozgás jótékony szerepét. Megvizsgáltuk egyes gyógyszerek feltételezett hatásait. Ezek közé tartozik a metformin, az akarbóz, a rezveratrol. E gyógyszerek mindegyikének hatása hasonló a kalóriamegszorításéhoz. Nincs olyan „csodaszer”, amely igazoltan meghosszabbítja az élettartamot emberben. Egyes géneknek és génmutációknak jótékony hatásuk van, de ezt környezeti tényezők, betegségek, balesetek és más külső ártalmak módosíthatják. Kiemeljük az elhízás, az alacsony fokozatú gyulladás és az inzulinrezisztencia öregedésre gyakorolt gyorsító hatását. A metabolikus szindróma elterjedtsége miatt ez jelentős népegészségügyi kockázatot jelent. Az inzulin, a növekedési hormon és az inzulinszerű növekedési faktorok hatásainak értékelése továbbra is ellentmondásos. Az egészséges, szellemileg és fizikailag aktív életmód, a kalóriacsökkentés mindenképpen előnyös. Az életet meghosszabbító szerek értékelése még vitatott. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1318–1327. Summary. People want to live as long as possible in good health. If we eliminate the unfavorable external conditions, the life expectancy could exceed 100 years. In the 20th and 21th centuries, life expectancy in welfare societies increased significantly, including in Hungary. Based on the reviewed literature, we examined what endocrinological and metabolic factors play a role in prolonging life in addition to genetics and inheritance. We examined all endogenous factors that can positively or negatively affect age-related diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer) and longevity. We highlighted the aging effects of hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, the controversial role of insulin-like growth factor-1, and more recently discovered peptides involved in prolonging lifespan, such as klotho and humanin. We described the role of mitochondria in determining longevity, we demonstrated the process of mitohormesis and its stress-protective function. We presented the target organ of rapamycin, mTOR, the inhibition of which prolongs lifespan, as well as sirtuins. We covered the process of autophagy and described the role of senolytics in aging. The decrease in autoimmunity in old age contributes to the shortening of life expectancy, we referred to the coordinating role of the thymus. We highlighted the important role of intestinal microbiome in the regulation of longevity. We referred to human data obtained from observations on “centenarians”. We examined what intervention options are available to prolong healthy life expectancy. Among the lifestyle options, we highlighted the beneficial role of calorie reduction and exercise. We examined the putative beneficial effects of some drugs. These include metformin, acarbose, resveratrol. The effect of each of these drugs is similar to calorie restriction. There is no “miracle cure” that has been shown to prolong life-span in humans. Some genes and gene mutations have beneficial effects, but this can be modified by environmental factors, diseases, accidents, and other external harms. We highlight the accelerating effects of obesity, low-grade inflammation, and insulin resistance on aging. Due to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, this poses a significant risk to public health. The assessment of the effects of insulin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factors remains controversial. A healthy, mentally and physically active lifestyle, calorie reduction is definitely beneficial. The evaluation of life-prolonging agents is still controversial. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(33): 1318–1327.

Comorbid conditions at chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the questions under investigation and discussion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Lemko ◽  
M. O. Haysak ◽  
D. V. Reshetar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

The second part of the review examines in detail the questions of diagnostics and peculiarities of the metabolic syndrome manifestations, which presents the link between most comorbid conditions at patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The metabolic syndrome is based on the insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, caused by both chronic low‑intensity inflammation and increased adipose tissue, often against the background of aggravated heredity at diabetes mellitus. The authors elucidate aspects of the effects of obesity, cachexia and some endocrine disorders on the disease course. The deficiency of researches on endocrine status, especially thyroid function and related metabolic disorders was emphasized. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis development in this contingent of patients are considered. The need for further research of the pathogenetic role of vitamin D is discussed. Data on the role of the functional state of kidneys in the development of metabolic disorders in an organism have been presented, though kidney pathology in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not currently considered as a comorbid condition. The contradictory literature data on the development of anemia in these patients were analysed. The authors presented data on the development of oncological processes as a systemic manifestation at COPD and performed analysis of common and mutually aggravating mechanisms of the development of these pathological conditions. Attention has been paid to the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease, bronchiectasis and obstructive sleep apnea with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The prospects of modern genetic research in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid conditions have been determined.

scholarly journals Molecular Insight into the Interaction between Epigenetics and Leptin in Metabolic Disorders

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wróblewski ◽  
Justyna Strycharz ◽  
Ewa Świderska ◽  
Karolina Drewniak ◽  
Józef Drzewoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Biological Event ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Nowadays, it is well-known that the deregulation of epigenetic machinery is a common biological event leading to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Moreover, the expression level and actions of leptin, a vast adipocytokine regulating energy metabolism, appear to be strongly associated with epigenetics. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of leptin as well as the leptin-induced epigenetic modifications in metabolic disorders and associated phenomena. The collected data indicated that the deregulation of leptin expression and secretion that occurs during the course of metabolic diseases is underlain by a variation in the level of promoter methylation, the occurrence of histone modifications, along with miRNA interference. Furthermore, leptin was proven to epigenetically regulate several miRNAs and affect the activity of the histone deacetylases. These epigenetic modifications were observed in obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome and concerned various molecular processes like glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, liver fibrosis, obesity-related carcinogenesis, adipogenesis or fetal/early postnatal programming. Moreover, the circulating miRNA profiles were associated with the plasma leptin level in metabolic syndrome, and miRNAs were found to be involved in hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. In summary, the evidence suggests that leptin is both a target and a mediator of epigenetic changes that develop in numerous tissues during metabolic disorders.

Ageism, Personal and Others’ Perceptions of Age Awareness, and Their Interactive Effect on Subjective Accelerated Aging

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482096720
Author(s):  
Yoav S. Bergman ◽  
Yuval Palgi
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Age Awareness

Ageism has been associated with negative perceptions of the future and the aging process. The current study argues that this connection is affected by the relevance older adults attribute to the cognitive category of age in their own self-appraisal, as well as by how they perceive this awareness in others. Accordingly, we examined the association between ageism and subjective accelerated aging (i.e., the rate the individual feels he or she is aging) and the moderating role of self-age awareness and other-age awareness on this connection. Data were collected from 267 participants (age range = 40–95; M = 64.32, SD = 14.09), using scales assessing ageism, self/other age awareness, and subjective accelerated aging. High ageism levels were associated with increased subjective accelerated aging. Moreover, this connection was moderated by both self- and other-age awareness. The study enhances the importance of personal appraisals of one’s own and others’ behaviors as age-related in this context.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document