scholarly journals Neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, mediated by the trace amines and their receptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Apryatin ◽  
Marina N. Karpenko ◽  
Zamira M. Muruzheva ◽  
Maria V. Bolshakova ◽  
Daria N. Magazenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Trace Amines ◽  
Dopamine System ◽  
Parkinsons Disease ◽  
Pathological Conditions

The aim of the study is the modern scientific literature estimation in the field of the investigation of neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders mediated by the trace amines and their receptors. The analysis of modern ideas about the feedback of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases in which the trace amines and their receptors are involved was carried out. The important role of trace amines and their receptors in the regulation of the dopamine system, in connection with metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinsons disease, ADHD, schizophrenia, obesity, metabolic syndrome and other pathological conditions, has been shown. Trace amines and their receptors have a direct effect on dopamine systems, being regulators of various metabolic and neurodegenerative processes, participating in energy metabolism, neurogenesis, and other vital processes.

scholarly journals Ayurveda Internal Medicine for the Management of Common Metabolic Disorders W.S.R. to Madhumeha and Sthoulya

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
Dhananjay S. Khot
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

The metabolic disorders are major health issues of today’s scenario and incidences of metabolic diseases increases day by day due to the disturbed pattern of life style. Ayurveda texts have described term “Santarpanjanya Vikaras” which resembles diseases of defective tissue metabolism. Ayurveda mentioned that improper dietary habits and sedentary life style affects state of Agni which resulted Ama production and finally leading to the metabolic syndrome. The vitiation of Dosha, diminish state of Dhatu and blockage of channels, etc. also can initiate pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. The Kayachikitsa branch of Ayurveda recommended use of internal medicine for the management of various metabolic disorders. Considering increased health burden of society due to the metabolic syndrome present article explore role of ayurveda internal medicine for the management of metabolic syndrome. Keywords: Ayurveda, metabolic syndrome, Santarpanjanya, Madhumeha and Sthoulya.       

Mutations of Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes as Potential Targets for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (15) ◽  
pp. 1711-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena V. Galitsyna ◽  
Andrey V. Zhelankin ◽  
Igor A. Sobenin ◽  
Alexander N. Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Individual

In addition to external factors, such as exercise, food and the environment, genetic predisposition makes great contribution to the development of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. This review is aimed to examine the genetic basis of complex metabolic disorders conventionally described as "metabolic syndrome" (MetS), with the special focus on currently known mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, which are associated with both the individual components of MetS and combinations thereof, and also on the studies of the relationship of MetS phenotype as a binary trait. The defects in the mitochondrial genome should be considered as one of the possible genetic reasons leading to MetS. It is known that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with metabolic disorders, as mitochondria are the center of energy metabolism. Consequently, the changes in mitochondrial genes and their functions affect regulation of metabolism. Until now, the role of mitochondrial DNA damage in the development of cardiovascular diseases, age-related and metabolic disorders is still poorly understood. The results of performed studies would help assessing the role of mitochondrial DNA mutations in susceptibility to metabolic syndrome and related metabolic diseases.

scholarly journals Elucidating the Regulatory Role of Melatonin in Brown, White, and Beige Adipocytes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziye Xu ◽  
Wenjing You ◽  
Jiaqi Liu ◽  
Yizhen Wang ◽  
Tizhong Shan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Beige Adipocytes

AbstractThe high prevalence of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases has heightened the importance of understanding control of adipose tissue development and energy metabolism. In mammals, 3 types of adipocytes with different characteristics and origins have been identified: white, brown, and beige. Beige and brown adipocytes contain numerous mitochondria and have the capability to burn energy and counteract obesity, while white adipocytes store energy and are closely associated with metabolic disorders and obesity. Thus, regulation of the development and function of different adipocytes is important for controlling energy balance and combating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone, which plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation, blood pressure, insulin actions, and energy metabolism. This article summarizes and discusses the role of melatonin in white, beige, and brown adipocytes, especially in affecting adipogenesis, inducing beige formation or white adipose tissue browning, enhancing brown adipose tissue mass and activities, improving anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, regulating adipokine secretion, and preventing body weight gain. Based on the current findings, melatonin is a potential therapeutic agent to control energy metabolism, adipogenesis, fat deposition, adiposity, and related metabolic diseases.

Dietary Carotenoids in Managing Metabolic Syndrome and Role of PPARs in the Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 846-853
Author(s):  
Raghunandan Purohith ◽  
Nagendra P.M. Nagalingaswamy ◽  
Nanjunda S. Shivananju
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Established Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Metabolic syndrome is a collective term that denotes disorder in metabolism, symptoms of which include hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and endothelial dysfunction. Diet is a major predisposing factor in the development of metabolic syndrome, and dietary intervention is necessary for both prevention and management. The bioactive constituents of food play a key role in this process. Micronutrients such as vitamins, carotenoids, amino acids, flavonoids, minerals, and aromatic pigment molecules found in fruits, vegetables, spices, and condiments are known to have beneficial effects in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. There exists a well-established relationship between oxidative stress and major pathological conditions such as inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Consequently, dietary antioxidants are implicated in the remediation of these complications. The mechanism of action and targets of dietary antioxidants as well as their effects on related pathways are being extensively studied and elucidated in recent times. This review attempts a comprehensive study of the role of dietary carotenoids in alleviating metabolic syndromewith an emphasis on molecular mechanism-in the light of recent advances.

scholarly journals Targeting Mitochondria as Therapeutic Strategy for Metabolic Disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Sorriento ◽  
Antonietta Valeria Pascale ◽  
Rosa Finelli ◽  
Anna Lisa Carillo ◽  
Roberto Annunziata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Mitochondria Targeting

Mitochondria are critical regulator of cell metabolism; thus, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with many metabolic disorders. Defects in oxidative phosphorylation, ROS production, or mtDNA mutations are the main causes of mitochondrial dysfunction in many pathological conditions such as IR/diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Thus, targeting mitochondria has been proposed as therapeutic approach for these conditions, leading to the development of small molecules to be tested in the clinical scenario. Here we discuss therapeutic interventions to treat mitochondrial dysfunction associated with two major metabolic disorders, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Finally, novel mechanisms of regulation of mitochondrial function are discussed, which open new scenarios for mitochondria targeting.

Comorbid conditions at chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the questions under investigation and discussion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Lemko ◽  
M. O. Haysak ◽  
D. V. Reshetar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

The second part of the review examines in detail the questions of diagnostics and peculiarities of the metabolic syndrome manifestations, which presents the link between most comorbid conditions at patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The metabolic syndrome is based on the insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, caused by both chronic low‑intensity inflammation and increased adipose tissue, often against the background of aggravated heredity at diabetes mellitus. The authors elucidate aspects of the effects of obesity, cachexia and some endocrine disorders on the disease course. The deficiency of researches on endocrine status, especially thyroid function and related metabolic disorders was emphasized. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis development in this contingent of patients are considered. The need for further research of the pathogenetic role of vitamin D is discussed. Data on the role of the functional state of kidneys in the development of metabolic disorders in an organism have been presented, though kidney pathology in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not currently considered as a comorbid condition. The contradictory literature data on the development of anemia in these patients were analysed. The authors presented data on the development of oncological processes as a systemic manifestation at COPD and performed analysis of common and mutually aggravating mechanisms of the development of these pathological conditions. Attention has been paid to the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease, bronchiectasis and obstructive sleep apnea with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The prospects of modern genetic research in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbid conditions have been determined.

scholarly journals Molecular Insight into the Interaction between Epigenetics and Leptin in Metabolic Disorders

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wróblewski ◽  
Justyna Strycharz ◽  
Ewa Świderska ◽  
Karolina Drewniak ◽  
Józef Drzewoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Leptin Sensitivity ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Biological Event ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Nowadays, it is well-known that the deregulation of epigenetic machinery is a common biological event leading to the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Moreover, the expression level and actions of leptin, a vast adipocytokine regulating energy metabolism, appear to be strongly associated with epigenetics. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of leptin as well as the leptin-induced epigenetic modifications in metabolic disorders and associated phenomena. The collected data indicated that the deregulation of leptin expression and secretion that occurs during the course of metabolic diseases is underlain by a variation in the level of promoter methylation, the occurrence of histone modifications, along with miRNA interference. Furthermore, leptin was proven to epigenetically regulate several miRNAs and affect the activity of the histone deacetylases. These epigenetic modifications were observed in obesity, gestational diabetes, metabolic syndrome and concerned various molecular processes like glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, liver fibrosis, obesity-related carcinogenesis, adipogenesis or fetal/early postnatal programming. Moreover, the circulating miRNA profiles were associated with the plasma leptin level in metabolic syndrome, and miRNAs were found to be involved in hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. In summary, the evidence suggests that leptin is both a target and a mediator of epigenetic changes that develop in numerous tissues during metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Biochemical predictors of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
E. M Surkichin ◽  
I. P Shuvaev ◽  
E. U Asymbekova ◽  
S. T Matskeplishvili
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Laboratory Changes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis

Metabolic syndrome represents a combination of different major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases and is mainly related to impaired insulin sensitivity in biological tissues. Common understanding of pathogenesis and relationship of different pathological conditions within metabolic syndrome is still missing. New data on endocrine function of adipose tissue suggests that development and progression of atherosclerosis in this situation may be related to adipokines dysbalance. This study investigates correlation of leptin and adiponectin with clinical and laboratory changes in patients with metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Gallstone disease in children and comorbiditi

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Matalayeva
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Current Information ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Adults And Children

The article provides current information on comorbid diseases in both adults and children with cholelithiasis. It describes their pathogenetic relationship with the formation of gallstones. The authors highlight the causal factors in the development of both gallstone disease and accompanying comorbid conditions. They demonstrate the generality of metabolic disorders in cholelithiasis and metabolic syndrome. The article describes the mechanisms of formation of both cholesterol and pigmented gallstones, which can be formed against the background of both somatic and infectious diseases. The article shows the role of drugs in the formation of gallstones. The authors substantiate the necessity of an individual approach and the development of personalized methods of prevention and treatment of cholelithiasis in children.

scholarly journals The role of metabolic disorders in the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome and arterial hypertension

2019 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
E. I. Polozova ◽  
N. N. Sorokina ◽  
E. V. Puzanova ◽  
A. A. Seskina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I

The clinical study enrolled 120 patients, who were hospitalized to the Therapeutic Department of Republican Clinical Hospital No.  5 of Saransk. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (n = 60) included patients with metabolic syndrome; Group II (n = 60)  included patients with arterial hypertension. The paper presents data on the assessment of the functional state of kidneys in the  analysed groups, defines the role of metabolic disorders in the progression of renal dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome  and arterial hypertension. It is noted that more pronounced functional changes in the kidneys (microalbuminuria, increased cystatin  C levels, decreased glomerular filtration rate) are detected in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome, as compared with patients without metabolic disorders. Cystatin C and microalbuminuria have been shown to be one of the earliest markers of kidney damage in hypertension, especially in combination with metabolic disorders. Cystatin C and microalbuminuria level is  significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic syndrome, as compared with patients with arterial hypertension, who have no metabolic disorders. Significant correlations were found between cystatin C, microalbuminuria levels and lipid  and carbohydrate metabolism in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with metabolic disorders. 

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