scholarly journals An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Amna Komal Khan ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Metal

Algae have long been exploited commercially and industrially as food, feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer, but now the trend is shifting towards the algae-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). This trend is increasing day by day, as algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites, easy to cultivate, have fast growth, and are scalable. In recent era, green synthesis of NPs has gained widespread attention as a safe, simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly protocol. The secondary metabolites from algae reduce, cap, and stabilize the metal precursors to form metal, metal oxide, or bimetallic NPs. The NPs synthesis could either be intracellular or extracellular depending on the location of NPs synthesis and reducing agents. Among the diverse range of algae, the most widely investigated algae for the biosynthesis of NPs documented are brown, red, blue-green, micro and macro green algae. Due to the biocompatibility, safety and unique physico-chemical properties of NPs, the algal biosynthesized NPs have also been studied for their biomedical applications, which include anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-fouling, bioremediation, and biosensing activities. In this review, the rationale behind the algal-mediated biosynthesis of metallic, metallic oxide, and bimetallic NPs from various algae have been reviewed. Furthermore, an insight into the mechanism of biosynthesis of NPs from algae and their biomedical applications has been reviewed critically.

scholarly journals Biogenic Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Living sources with Special Emphasis on Their Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulzar Ahmed Rather ◽  
Anima Nanda ◽  
Arghya Chakravorty ◽  
Saima Hamid ◽  
Johra Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Clear Idea

Abstract Nanobiotechnology has been achieved great significance in terms of nanomedicine & many others. But the first challenge in nanobiotechnology science is the preparation of stable nanoparticles. Presently, many preparation methods have been developed like different chemical & physical processes, but the main drawbacks of these processes are required hazardous chemicals, environmental impact, and ultimately expenses a lot. To overcome these challenges another advanced technology has been developed, which is termed green or biogenic synthesis. This review is discussing the modern approaches of the eco-friendly and cost-effective methodology of green synthesis of nanoparticles by using different eukaryotic & prokaryotic agents like plants, human cell lines, diatoms, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other organisms. Also, this review gives a clear idea of the different applications of those nanoparticles in drug delivery, dentistry, labeling, diagnostics & sensors.

Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5188-5204
Author(s):  
Uzair Nagra ◽  
Maryam Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Kashif Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Preparation Methods

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Stabilization of Nickel and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: A Green Adeptness

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Aneela Rani
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Properties

Green protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been attracting a lot of attention because they are eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective. Nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by green routes and characterized for impact of green chemistry on the properties and biological effects of nanoparticles in the last five years. Green synthesis, properties, and applications of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been reported in the literature. This review summarizes the synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles using different biological systems. This review also provides comparative overview of influence of chemical synthesis and green synthesis on structural properties of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles and their biological behavior. It concludes that green methods for synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles are better than chemical synthetic methods.

scholarly journals Adiantum philippense L. Frond Assisted Rapid Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duhita G. Sant ◽  
Tejal R. Gujarathi ◽  
Shrikant R. Harne ◽  
Sougata Ghosh ◽  
Rohini Kitture ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Medicinal Value

Development of an ecofriendly, reliable, and rapid process for synthesis of nanoparticles using biological system is an important bulge in nanotechnology. Antioxidant potential and medicinal value of Adiantum philippense L. fascinated us to utilize it for biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs). The current paper reports utility of aqueous extract of A. philippense L. fronds for the green synthesis of AuNPs and AgNPs. Effect of various parameters on synthesis of nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Vis spectrometry. Optimum conditions for AuNPs synthesis were 1 : 1 proportion of original extract at pH 11 and 5 mM tetrachloroauric acid, whereas optimum conditions for AgNPs synthesis were 1 : 1 proportion of original extract at pH 12 and 9 mM silver nitrate. Characterization of nanoparticles was done by TEM, SAED, XRD, EDS, FTIR, and DLS analyses. The results revealed that AuNPs and AgNPs were anisotropic. Monocrystalline AuNPs and polycrystalline AgNPs measured 10 to 18 nm in size. EDS and XRD analyses confirmed the presence of elemental gold and silver. FTIR analysis revealed a possible binding of extract to AuNPs through –NH2 group and to AgNPs through C=C group. These nanoparticles stabilized by a biological capping agent could further be utilized for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals The role of nanotechnology for improving crop production

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-305
Author(s):  
Amir Lakzian ◽  
Maryam Bayat ◽  
Anvar Gadzhikurbanov ◽  
Meisam Zargar
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Today, green nanotechnology has great importance due to the presence of different modes of restrictive action against various pathogens such as fungi and bacterial species. The use of nanomaterials has recently increased in agriculture and plant-tissue culture thanks to their unique different properties such as; magnetic, electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties. Optimum use of iron increases protein content in the wheat grain. They also enhance plant growth by improving disease resistance and increase stability of the plants by anti-bending and deeper rooting of crops. It has been reported by many researchers that Nano-fertilizers significantly influenced the seed germination which demonstrated the effect of Nano fertilizers on seed and seed vigor. Chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Developing Nano-biotechnology is generating interests in research towards eco-friendly, cost effective and biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles systems have been combined into plant fungal disease controlpractices. Using nanoparticles as biosensors in plant disease diagnostics is also illustrated.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of Volkameriainermis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya Krishnadhas ◽  
Santhi R. ◽  
Annapurani S.
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
By Products

Nanoparticles are gaining interest in biomedical applications due to its importance such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. Conventional methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles involves toxic reagents which produce harmful by-products and are hazardous to the environment. To overcome these limitations, green synthesis of nanoparticles was established. Eco-friendly methods using plant extracts are gaining popularity due to the abundance of raw materials and the production of non-toxic by-products threatening to the environment. Moreover, the nanoparticles synthesized from the plant extract are cost-effective. In addition, nanoparticles produced by green synthesis methods produces synergetic effect where both the nanoparticles as well as the natural bioactive constituents of the plant influence the biocidal properties. Different methods namely heating in water bath, microwave oven and exposure to bright sunlight were adopted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Plant extract based synthesis of silver nanoparticles was eco-friendly and shows an alternative promise in bio-medical applications and it undertakes the negative effects of synthetic drugs.

Streptomyces Ghanaensis sp. VITHM1-mediated Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and its Cytotoxic Activity

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 3356-3363
Author(s):  
Mani Abirami ◽  
Krishnan Kannabiran
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Streptomyces Ghanaensis

Microbial green synthesis of nanoparticles and exploiting them for biological applications has received considerable attention in the recent past. Gold (Au) nanoparticles were synthesised using Streptomyces ghanaensis sp. VITHM1 (MTCC #12465) biomass and evaluated for its cytotoxic activity. Au NPs were synthesised after 56 h of incubation of cell free supernatant with 1 mM HAuCl4 at room temperature. The synthesized NPs were characterized by UV-visible spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. The synthesised gold nanoparticles were highly stable, spherical in shape and the average size was 30-50 nm. The secondary metabolites present in the biomass were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The mechanism of formation of gold nanoparticles with the two major secondary metabolites present in the extracted biomass was proposed. The 3D structure of the unit cell in the synthesized nanoparticles was determined by XRD data base. The synthesized gold nanoparticles  (200 µg/mL) exhibited admirable cytotoxic activity by inducing apoptosis in Hep-2 cells after 48 h of incubation. Gold nanoparticles (250 µg/mL) did not cause any haemolysis on human red blood cells. These results of this study suggest that Streptomyces biomass- mediated gold nanoparticles can be explored for cytotoxic activity

Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plant Compounds and Their Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Arokiyaraj ◽  
Muthupandian Saravanan ◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Villianur Ibrahim Hairul Islam ◽  
Mohamed Bououdina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Plant Compounds

The advancement in nanoparticulate system has a great impact in many scientific areas. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver, gold and copper were found to exhibit antibacterial and other biological activities. The phytochemical constituents (Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) present in the plant extracts were used for the green synthesis of NPs of desired size and morphology. Moreover, these active molecules act as reducing and capping agents for the synthe¬sis of NPs, which makes them suitable for biomedical applications. Apart from many approach on synthesis of nanoparticles, green synthesis method becomes more preferable because of its ecofriendly and nontoxic approach. This approach might pave the path for researchers across the globe to explore the potential of different herbs in the synthesis of NPs. This chapter will discuss the synthesis of various metal NPs using plants and their phytochemical constituent's involved during the synthesis. A section devoted to the different applications will be presented.

scholarly journals Bionanofactories for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Toward Antimicrobial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11993
Author(s):  
Ashvi Sanjay Jain ◽  
Pranita Subhash Pawar ◽  
Aira Sarkar ◽  
Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula ◽  
Sathish Dyawanapelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Shed Light

Among the various types of nanoparticles and their strategy for synthesis, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained much attention in the biomedical, cellular imaging, cosmetics, drug delivery, food, and agrochemical industries due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. The green synthesis strategies incorporate the use of plant extracts, living organisms, or biomolecules as bioreducing and biocapping agents, also known as bionanofactories for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The use of green chemistry is ecofriendly, biocompatible, nontoxic, and cost-effective. We shed light on the recent advances in green synthesis and physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles by considering the outcomes from recent studies applying SEM, TEM, AFM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and XRD techniques. Furthermore, we cover the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of silver nanoparticles.

scholarly journals A Review on Green Synthesis, Biomedical Applications, and Toxicity Studies of ZnO NPs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Kalpana ◽  
V. Devi Rajeswari
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Secondary Sources

The advance of reliable and eco-friendly strategies for the development of nanoparticles is a fundamental key to the discipline of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles have been continuously evaluated and have been used in many industrial applications for a decade. In particular, the role of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) has received a great interest because of various properties such as UV filter properties and photochemical, antifungal, high catalyst, and antimicrobial activities. Because of the high rate of poisonous chemicals and the extreme surroundings used within the chemical and physical methods, the green techniques have been adopted using plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, this paper considers various green synthesis methods to provide the evidence of ZnO NP role to several applications, and in addition, biomedical applications and toxic effect were reviewed. Therefore, the paper used various secondary sources to collect the relevant review articles. From the findings, the green route of synthesis is rather safe and eco-friendly when compared to physical and chemical means of synthesis. On the other hand, its biomedical applications in this sector are increased day by day in various processes including bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, and gene delivery. With respect to its toxicity properties, ZnO NPs can act as smart weapons against multiple drug-resistant microorganisms and as a talented substitute for antibiotics.

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