scholarly journals Biogenic Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Living sources with Special Emphasis on Their Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulzar Ahmed Rather ◽  
Anima Nanda ◽  
Arghya Chakravorty ◽  
Saima Hamid ◽  
Johra Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Human Cell Lines ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Clear Idea

Abstract Nanobiotechnology has been achieved great significance in terms of nanomedicine & many others. But the first challenge in nanobiotechnology science is the preparation of stable nanoparticles. Presently, many preparation methods have been developed like different chemical & physical processes, but the main drawbacks of these processes are required hazardous chemicals, environmental impact, and ultimately expenses a lot. To overcome these challenges another advanced technology has been developed, which is termed green or biogenic synthesis. This review is discussing the modern approaches of the eco-friendly and cost-effective methodology of green synthesis of nanoparticles by using different eukaryotic & prokaryotic agents like plants, human cell lines, diatoms, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and other organisms. Also, this review gives a clear idea of the different applications of those nanoparticles in drug delivery, dentistry, labeling, diagnostics & sensors.

Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5188-5204
Author(s):  
Uzair Nagra ◽  
Maryam Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Zaman ◽  
Asif Mahmood ◽  
Kashif Barkat
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Preparation Methods

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Algae-Mediated Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Biomedical Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1498
Author(s):  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Amna Komal Khan ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
Bilal Haider Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Metallic Oxide ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Metal Metal

Algae have long been exploited commercially and industrially as food, feed, additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizer, but now the trend is shifting towards the algae-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). This trend is increasing day by day, as algae are a rich source of secondary metabolites, easy to cultivate, have fast growth, and are scalable. In recent era, green synthesis of NPs has gained widespread attention as a safe, simple, sustainable, cost-effective, and eco-friendly protocol. The secondary metabolites from algae reduce, cap, and stabilize the metal precursors to form metal, metal oxide, or bimetallic NPs. The NPs synthesis could either be intracellular or extracellular depending on the location of NPs synthesis and reducing agents. Among the diverse range of algae, the most widely investigated algae for the biosynthesis of NPs documented are brown, red, blue-green, micro and macro green algae. Due to the biocompatibility, safety and unique physico-chemical properties of NPs, the algal biosynthesized NPs have also been studied for their biomedical applications, which include anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-cancerous, anti-fouling, bioremediation, and biosensing activities. In this review, the rationale behind the algal-mediated biosynthesis of metallic, metallic oxide, and bimetallic NPs from various algae have been reviewed. Furthermore, an insight into the mechanism of biosynthesis of NPs from algae and their biomedical applications has been reviewed critically.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Stabilization of Nickel and Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles: A Green Adeptness

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Din ◽  
Aneela Rani
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Properties

Green protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles have been attracting a lot of attention because they are eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective. Nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by green routes and characterized for impact of green chemistry on the properties and biological effects of nanoparticles in the last five years. Green synthesis, properties, and applications of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been reported in the literature. This review summarizes the synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles using different biological systems. This review also provides comparative overview of influence of chemical synthesis and green synthesis on structural properties of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles and their biological behavior. It concludes that green methods for synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles are better than chemical synthetic methods.

A Brief Introduction to the Development of Biogenic Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiran Mondal ◽  
Saswati Basu ◽  
Naznin Ara Begum ◽  
Debabrata Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pd Nanoparticles ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles

Though there are a numerous methods for chemical synthesis, biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles offers an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis methods. Therefore scientists are continuously engaged in searching hazard free, environment friendly methods of synthesis of nanoparticles with tailor-made structural properties using benign starting materials. Recently several groups have achieved success in the synthesis of Ag, Au, Pd nanoparticles with specific shape and size using extracts obtained from micro-organisms as well as various plant extracts. It will be a highly interesting problem to modify the procedure to develop green-chemical means of synthesizing “tailor-made” monodisperse nanoparticles of single polygonal particle morphology, exclusively. The main objective of this brief article is to give an idea about the most reliable, cost-effective and environment friendly synthetic protocols for metal nanoparticles of different size, shape, composition, and with a high degree of monodispersity.

scholarly journals Adiantum philippense L. Frond Assisted Rapid Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duhita G. Sant ◽  
Tejal R. Gujarathi ◽  
Shrikant R. Harne ◽  
Sougata Ghosh ◽  
Rohini Kitture ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Gold And Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Medicinal Value

Development of an ecofriendly, reliable, and rapid process for synthesis of nanoparticles using biological system is an important bulge in nanotechnology. Antioxidant potential and medicinal value of Adiantum philippense L. fascinated us to utilize it for biosynthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs). The current paper reports utility of aqueous extract of A. philippense L. fronds for the green synthesis of AuNPs and AgNPs. Effect of various parameters on synthesis of nanoparticles was monitored by UV-Vis spectrometry. Optimum conditions for AuNPs synthesis were 1 : 1 proportion of original extract at pH 11 and 5 mM tetrachloroauric acid, whereas optimum conditions for AgNPs synthesis were 1 : 1 proportion of original extract at pH 12 and 9 mM silver nitrate. Characterization of nanoparticles was done by TEM, SAED, XRD, EDS, FTIR, and DLS analyses. The results revealed that AuNPs and AgNPs were anisotropic. Monocrystalline AuNPs and polycrystalline AgNPs measured 10 to 18 nm in size. EDS and XRD analyses confirmed the presence of elemental gold and silver. FTIR analysis revealed a possible binding of extract to AuNPs through –NH2 group and to AgNPs through C=C group. These nanoparticles stabilized by a biological capping agent could further be utilized for biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Bio-Mediated Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Fluorescence Sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-184
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Hazardous Chemicals ◽  
Biogenic Synthesis ◽  
Fluorescence Sensors ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles

The nature deeds alike a hefty “bio-laboratory” embracing of plants, algae, fungi, yeast etc. which are poised of biomolecules. These indeed befalling biomolecules must stood notorious to play an active role in the establishment of nanoparticles through diverse shapes and sizes thus acting as a driving force intended for the scheming of greener, safe and environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The contemporary chapter targets the proportional biogenic synthesis and mechanisms of nanoparticles using biomolecules. The practice of biomolecules not only diminishes the price of synthesis but also curtails the need of using hazardous chemicals and arouses ‘green synthesis’. It also emphases on aspects of binding of biomolecules to nanoparticles and certain of the applications of the biosynthesized nanoparticles as sensor for cations, anions and also biosensors.

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Leaf Extract of Volkameriainermis

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavanya Krishnadhas ◽  
Santhi R. ◽  
Annapurani S.
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
By Products

Nanoparticles are gaining interest in biomedical applications due to its importance such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. Conventional methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles involves toxic reagents which produce harmful by-products and are hazardous to the environment. To overcome these limitations, green synthesis of nanoparticles was established. Eco-friendly methods using plant extracts are gaining popularity due to the abundance of raw materials and the production of non-toxic by-products threatening to the environment. Moreover, the nanoparticles synthesized from the plant extract are cost-effective. In addition, nanoparticles produced by green synthesis methods produces synergetic effect where both the nanoparticles as well as the natural bioactive constituents of the plant influence the biocidal properties. Different methods namely heating in water bath, microwave oven and exposure to bright sunlight were adopted for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Plant extract based synthesis of silver nanoparticles was eco-friendly and shows an alternative promise in bio-medical applications and it undertakes the negative effects of synthetic drugs.

Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Plant Compounds and Their Applications

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Arokiyaraj ◽  
Muthupandian Saravanan ◽  
Rajaraman Bharanidharan ◽  
Villianur Ibrahim Hairul Islam ◽  
Mohamed Bououdina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Plant Compounds

The advancement in nanoparticulate system has a great impact in many scientific areas. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) such as silver, gold and copper were found to exhibit antibacterial and other biological activities. The phytochemical constituents (Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins and glycosides) present in the plant extracts were used for the green synthesis of NPs of desired size and morphology. Moreover, these active molecules act as reducing and capping agents for the synthe¬sis of NPs, which makes them suitable for biomedical applications. Apart from many approach on synthesis of nanoparticles, green synthesis method becomes more preferable because of its ecofriendly and nontoxic approach. This approach might pave the path for researchers across the globe to explore the potential of different herbs in the synthesis of NPs. This chapter will discuss the synthesis of various metal NPs using plants and their phytochemical constituent's involved during the synthesis. A section devoted to the different applications will be presented.

scholarly journals Bionanofactories for Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Toward Antimicrobial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11993
Author(s):  
Ashvi Sanjay Jain ◽  
Pranita Subhash Pawar ◽  
Aira Sarkar ◽  
Vijayabhaskarreddy Junnuthula ◽  
Sathish Dyawanapelly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Physicochemical And Biological Properties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Xrd Techniques ◽  
Shed Light

Among the various types of nanoparticles and their strategy for synthesis, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained much attention in the biomedical, cellular imaging, cosmetics, drug delivery, food, and agrochemical industries due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. The green synthesis strategies incorporate the use of plant extracts, living organisms, or biomolecules as bioreducing and biocapping agents, also known as bionanofactories for the synthesis of nanoparticles. The use of green chemistry is ecofriendly, biocompatible, nontoxic, and cost-effective. We shed light on the recent advances in green synthesis and physicochemical properties of green silver nanoparticles by considering the outcomes from recent studies applying SEM, TEM, AFM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, FTIR, and XRD techniques. Furthermore, we cover the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiparasitic activities of silver nanoparticles.

scholarly journals A Review on Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3218-3231
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Surprising Effect ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Nano Fluids

The silver (Ag) metal is considered a very useful metal for treating consume wound diseases, open wounds, and cuts, respectively. Nowadays, nanotechnology has created a surprising effect by changing over metallic silver into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for better applications. However, according to advanced technology, the synthesis of nanoparticles occurs by using organic or biological techniques rather than physical and chemical techniques. Also, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological or organic sources is cost-effective and eco-friendly. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are broadly used as antibacterial specialists, helping us cure novel diseases and questionable sicknesses. In biomedicine, silver nanoparticles have huge points of interest because of their physical and synthetic flexibility. The uses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in nano-gels, nano-fluids, silver-based coating over food and medical devices are advancing. Still, there is a need to innovate a better version of silver nanoparticles for vigorous use in an eco-friendly way. So, this review describes the methods of synthesis, activities under various conditions, and different biomedical uses of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in detail.

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