Plant-Extract-Mediated Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have been widely used in several fields including catalysis, bioengineering, photoelectricity, antibacterial, anticancer, and medical imaging due to their unique physical and chemical properties. In the traditional synthesis method of MNPs, toxic chemicals are generally used as reducing agents and stabilizing agents, which is fussy to operate and extremely environment unfriendly. Based on this, the development of an environment-friendly synthesis method of MNPs has recently attracted great attention. The use of plant extracts as reductants and stabilizers to synthesize MNPs has the advantages of low cost, environmental friendliness, sustainability, and ease of operation. Besides, the as-synthesized MNPs are nontoxic, more stable, and more uniform in size than the counterparts prepared by the traditional method. Thus, green preparation methods have become a research hotspot in the field of MNPs synthesis. In this review, recent advances in green synthesis of MNPs using plant extracts as reductants and stabilizers have been systematically summarized. In addition, the insights into the potential applications and future development for MNPs prepared by using plant extracts have been provided.

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Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11081895 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1895

Author(s):

Ming Yang ◽

Xiaohua Chen ◽

Zidong Wang ◽

Yuzhi Zhu ◽

Shiwei Pan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Characteristic Size ◽

Metal Nanostructures ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Composition And Structure ◽

Application Fields ◽

Physical And Chemical

Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

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Study on the Preparation Technology and Regeneration Technology of Activated Carbon

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.807.159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 807 ◽

pp. 159-164

Author(s):

Yuan Ze Ma ◽

Xiu Xia Zhang ◽

Rong Fan

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Green Economy ◽

Utilization Rate ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Physical And Chemical

Due to the developed pore structure ,high specific surface area, low cost, accessible raw materials and stable physical and chemical properties, activated carbon has caused high attention of society. Nowadays activated carbon has been widely used in capacitor electrode production, water pollution treatment, medicine and other fields. We review the various preparation methods of activated carbon and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of them in this paper. The characteristics of activated carbon regeneration technology are also discussed from the perspective of improving the utilization rate of activated carbon. With the development of China's green economy and the increasing awareness of people's environmental protection, the research on the preparation and regeneration of activated carbon will surely have a broader development prospect.

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Pentagonal and heptagonal carbon-rings in growth of nanosize graphitic carbon spheres

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100165781 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 664-665

Author(s):

Z.C. Kang ◽

Z.L. Wang

Keyword(s):

Arc Discharge ◽

Low Cost ◽

Environmental Filtering ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Earth Metal ◽

Graphitic Carbon ◽

Carbon Spheres ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Nano Size

Fullerene C60 and nano-tubes are a group of unique structures of carbon. These structures are producei using a carbon electrode arc-discharge technique, but it has not been successful in producing carbon spheres Recently, a new mixed-valent oxide-catalytic carbonization (MVOCC) process has been invented that can b used to synthesize monodispersed nano-size graphitic carbon spheres at low cost and with large quantities [3] The carbon spheres were produced at 1100° C by decomposition of natural gas (methane) under the catalytic assistance of transitional/rare earth metal oxides with mixed valences. The product is pure and separated fron the catalyst, thus, no purification is needed. The MVOCC process does not produce any environmenta hazardous chemicals, and the catalyst is reusable. The carbon spheres are expected to have extraordinary mechanical, physical and chemical properties and potential applications in the areas such as high-strengfi composite materials, environmental filtering, catalysis, lubrication and surface coating.

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Properties and Applications of Nanoparticles from Plant Proteins

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14133607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3607

Author(s):

Narendra Reddy ◽

Marco Rapisarda

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Plant Protein ◽

Plant Proteins ◽

Shell Nanoparticles ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Protein Nanoparticles ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Corn Zein ◽

Aqueous Conditions

Nanoparticles from plant proteins are preferred over carbohydrates and synthetic polymeric-based materials for food, medical and other applications. In addition to their large availability and relatively low cost, plant proteins offer higher possibilities for surface modifications and functionalizing various biomolecules for specific applications. Plant proteins also avoid the immunogenic responses associated with the use of animal proteins. However, the sources of plant proteins are very diverse, and proteins from each source have distinct structures, properties and processing requirements. While proteins from corn (zein) and wheat (gliadin) are soluble in aqueous ethanol, most other plant proteins are insoluble in aqueous conditions. Apart from zein and gliadin nanoparticles (which are relatively easy to prepare), soy proteins, wheat glutenin and proteins from several legumes have been made into nanoparticles. The extraction of soluble proteins, hydrolyzing with alkali and acids, conjugation with other biopolymers, and newer techniques such as microfluidization and electrospraying have been adopted to develop plant protein nanoparticles. Solid, hollow, and core-shell nanoparticles with varying sizes and physical and chemical properties have been developed. Most plant protein nanoparticles have been used as carriers for drugs and as biomolecules for controlled release applications and for stabilizing food emulsions. This review provides an overview of the approaches used to prepare nanoparticles from plant proteins, and their properties and potential applications. The review’s specific focus is on the preparation methods and applications, rather than the properties of the proteins, which have been reported in detail in other publications.

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NEEM (AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS) AS A SOURCE FOR GREEN SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i3.21939 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Girish K

Keyword(s):

Green Synthesis ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Low Cost ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Neem Extract ◽

Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Vast Area ◽

Biomedical Fields

Nanoscience has found various applications in different biomedical fields. The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a vast area of research due to its potential applications. These particles can be prepared by different chemical, physical, and biological approaches. In recent years, green synthesis of NPs using plant extracts has gained much interest due to non-toxicity and very low cost of synthesis. The plant extracts act both as reducing agent as well as capping agent. Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a well-known medicinal plant and has been studied for the biosynthesis of NPs. A. indica has various phytochemicals identified that can reduce the metal ions. The bioreduction of NPs from neem extract is an eco-friendly, low cost, and green synthesis method and these NPs are reported to exhibit good antimicrobial, mainly antibacterial, activity

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Nanocrystals: The Preparation, Precise Control and Application Toward the Pharmaceutics and Food Industry

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180515124614 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 2425-2431 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Cao Wu ◽

Zhou Chen ◽

Ya Hu ◽

Zhiyuan Rao ◽

Wangping Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Industry ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Precise Control ◽

Significant Process ◽

Technology Applications ◽

And Performance ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Analytical Technology ◽

And Chemical Properties

Crystallization is a significant process employed to produce a wide variety of materials in pharmaceutical and food area. The control of crystal dimension, crystallinity, and shape is very important because they will affect the subsequent filtration, drying and grinding performance as well as the physical and chemical properties of the material. This review summarizes the special features of crystallization technology and the preparation methods of nanocrystals, and discusses analytical technology which is used to control crystal quality and performance. The crystallization technology applications in pharmaceutics and foods are also outlined. These illustrated examples further help us to gain a better understanding of the crystallization technology for pharmaceutics and foods.

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Review on Methodologies Used in the Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles: Significance of Phytosynthesis Using Plant Extract as an Emerging Tool

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200531150218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (40) ◽

pp. 5188-5204

Author(s):

Uzair Nagra ◽

Maryam Shabbir ◽

Muhammad Zaman ◽

Asif Mahmood ◽

Kashif Barkat

Keyword(s):

Green Synthesis ◽

Metal Nanoparticles ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Noble Metals ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Green Technology ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Nanosized Particles ◽

Preparation Methods

Nanosized particles, with a size of less than 100 nm, have a wide variety of applications in various fields of nanotechnology and biotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Metal nanoparticles [MNPs] have been synthesized by different chemical and physical procedures. Still, the biological approach or green synthesis [phytosynthesis] is considered as a preferred method due to eco-friendliness, nontoxicity, and cost-effective production. Various plants and plant extracts have been used for the green synthesis of MNPs, including biofabrication of noble metals, metal oxides, and bimetallic combinations. Biomolecules and metabolites present in plant extracts cause the reduction of metal ions into nanosized particles by one-step preparation methods. MNPs have remarkable attractiveness in biomedical applications for their use as potential antioxidant, anticancer and antibacterial agents. The present review offers a comprehensive aspect of MNPs production via top-to-bottom and bottom-to-top approach with considerable emphasis on green technology and their possible biomedical applications. The critical parameters governing the MNPs formation by plant-based synthesis are also highlighted in this review.

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A review of biomass materials for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries

Chemical Science ◽

10.1039/c9sc02743b ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (32) ◽

pp. 7484-7495 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Huadong Yuan ◽

Tiefeng Liu ◽

Yujing Liu ◽

Jianwei Nai ◽

Yao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Recent Progress ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Abundance ◽

Chemical Adsorption ◽

Environmental Friendliness ◽

Lithium Sulfur Batteries ◽

Biomass Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Lithium Sulfur

This review summarizes recent progress of biomass-derived materials in Li–S batteries. These materials are promising due to their advantages including strong physical and chemical adsorption, high abundance, low cost, and environmental friendliness.

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Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2020-0159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1148-1166

Author(s):

Ganjar Fadillah ◽

Septian Perwira Yudha ◽

Suresh Sagadevan ◽

Is Fatimah ◽

Oki Muraza

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Magnetic Iron Oxide ◽

Oxidation Processes ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.

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Synthesis and Conductivity Studies of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) by Co-Polymerization and Blending with Polyaniline (PANi)

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13121939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1939

Author(s):

Helyati Abu Hassan Shaari ◽

Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli ◽

Mohd Nazim Mohtar ◽

Norizah Abdul Rahman ◽

Azizan Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Mechanical Stability ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽

Conducting Materials ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Polymerization Condition ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a lightweight insulating polymer that possesses good mechanical stability. On the other hand, polyaniline (PANi) is one of the most favorable conducting materials to be used, as it is easily synthesized, cost-effective, and has good conductivity. However, most organic solvents have restricted potential applications due to poor mechanical properties and dispersibility. Compared to PANi, PMMA has more outstanding physical and chemical properties, such as good dimensional stability and better molecular interactions between the monomers. To date, many research studies have focused on incorporating PANi into PMMA. In this review, the properties and suitability of PANi as a conducting material are briefly reviewed. The major parts of this paper reviewed different approaches to incorporating PANi into PMMA, as well as evaluating the modifications to improve its conductivity. Finally, the polymerization condition to prepare PMMA/PANi copolymer to improve its conductivity is also discussed.

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