An Up-to-Date Review on Citrus Flavonoids: Chemistry and Benefits in Health and Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama M. Ahmed ◽  
Sameh F. AbouZid ◽  
Noha A. Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Y. Zaky ◽  
Han Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Citrus Flavonoids ◽  
Main Class ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

: Flavonoids, the main class of polyphenols, are characterized by the presence of 2-phenyl-benzo-pyrane nucleus. They are found in rich quantities in citrus fruits. Citrus flavonoids are classified into flavanones, flavones, flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and anthocyanins (found only in blood oranges). Flavanones are the most abundant flavonoids in citrus fruits. In many situations, there are structure-function relationships. Because of their especial structures and presence of many hydroxyls, polymethoxies and glycoside moiety, the flavonoids have an array of multiple biological and pharmacological activities. This article provides an updated overview of the differences in chemical structures of the classes and members of citrus flavonoids and their benefits in health and diseases. The review article also sheds light on the mechanisms of actions of citrus flavonoids in the treatment of different diseases including arthritis, diabetes mellitus, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders as well as liver, kidney and heart diseases. The accumulated and updated knowledge in this review may provide useful information and ideas in the discovery of new strategies for use of citrus flavonoids in the protection, prevention and therapy of diseases.

scholarly journals Chemical structures of phenylethanoid glycosides from Pedicularis species, their biological and pharmacological activities

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Nyamsuren E ◽  
Odontuya G
Keyword(s):  
Functional Group ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Structure Specification ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

In this review, we summarized the molecular structure specification of a unique component named as phenylethanoid glycosides from the genus Pedicularis L. and their biological and pharmacological activities. Until now, 40 phenylethanoid glycosides have been isolated and identified from the genus Pedicularis L. We classified the compounds into 4 main groups based on the functional group located at the 4′ position. According to the results of in vitro and in vivo studies, the extract containing phenylethanoid glycosides possesses antioxidative, antibacterial, anti-tumor and anti-fatigue activities as well as the increase in physical ability, hepatoprotection, and other effects. The antioxidant effect is the main biological activity of phenylethanoid glycosides. Хувилангын зүйл ургамлуудын фенилэтаноид гликозидуудын химийн бүтэц, биолог, фармакологийн идэвх Хураангуй: Бид энэхүү тойм өгүүлэлдээ Хувилангын (Pedicularis L.) төрөлд хамаарах ургамлуудын өвөрмөц бүрэлдэхүүн болох фенилэтаноид гликозидийн молекулын бүтцийн онцлог, тэдгээрийн биолог, фармакологийн идэвхийн судалгааны дүнг нэгтгэн бичлээ. Өнөөг хүртэл Хувилангын зүйл ургамлуудаас 40 фенилэтаноид гликозидийг ялгаж, бүтэц байгууламжийг тогтоосон байна. Бид тэдгээр бодисын молекулын бүтцэд дүн шинжилгээ хийж 4′ байрлал дахь халагч бүлэгт үндэслэн 4 бүлэгт ангилав. Фенилэтаноид гликозид зонхилонагуулагддаг ханд нь исэлдэлтийн эсрэг, бактер, хорт хавдрын эсийн өсөлтийг дарангуйлах идэвхтэй, ядралт багасгах, булчингийн үйл ажиллагааг дэмжих, элэг, тархийг гэмтэхээс хамгаалах үйлдэл үзүүлж байгаа нь in vitro ба in vivo туршилт судалгааны дүн харуулж байна. Исэлдэлтийг дарангуйлах үйлдэл бол фенилэтаноид гликозидуудын гол биологийн идэвх юм.Түлхүүр үг: Хувиланга, фенилэтаноид гликозид, каффейны хүчил, исэлдэлт дарангуйлах идэвх.

scholarly journals Canna indica L. (Cannaceae): A review on phytochemical, medicinal, pharmacological and biological studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
Prashant Kumar Yadav ◽  
S.S. Sisdia O
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Canna Indica ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

This review article aims to supply in order which is necessary to assert and look at its pharmacognostic, biological and pharmacological profile. Every part of Canna has valuable properties that can serve humankind so the whole plant can be extensively studied for further research aspects. Considering the extensive uses of C. indica L. roots, leaves and rhizomes, the present article work is an attempt to explore phyto-compounds present in Canna indica L. roots leaves, and rhizomes possibly answerable for unusual pharmacological activities exhibited and thereby therapeutic uses predictable to them. This article mainly emphasized on phytoconstituents present in various parts of Canna indica L. and their corresponding biological and pharmacological activities. Keywords: Canna indica L., origin, phytoconstituents, biological and pharmacological activities

Novel Phytochemical Constituents and their Potential to Manage Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Ibrahim Khalivulla ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Kokkanti Mallikarjuna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Chemical Structures

Background: Diabetes is a chronic disease affecting a large population worldwide and stands as one of the major global health challenges to be tackled. According to World Health Organization, about 400 million are having diabetes worldwide and it is the seventh leading cause of deaths in 2016. Plant based natural products had been in use from ancient time as ethnomedicine for the treatment of several diseases including diabetes. As a result of that, there are several reports on plant based natural products displaying antidiabetic activity. In the current review, such antidiabetic potential compounds reported from all plant sources along with their chemical structures are collected, presented and discussed. This kind of reports are essential to pool the available information to one source followed by statistical analysis and screening to check the efficacy of all known compounds in a comparative sense. This kind of analysis can give rise to few numbers of potential compounds from hundreds, whom can further be screened through in vitro and in vivo studies, and human trails leading to the drug development. Methods: Phytochemicals along with their potential antidiabetic property were classified according to their basic chemical skeleton. The chemical structures of all the compounds with antidiabetic activities were elucidated in the present review. In addition to this, the distribution and their other remarkable pharmacological activities of each species is also included. Results: The scrutiny of literature led to identification of 44 plants with antidiabetic compounds (70) and other pharmacological activities. For the sake of information, the distribution of each species in the world is given. Many plant derivatives may exert antidiabetic properties by improving or mimicking the insulin production or action. Different classes of compounds including sulfur compounds (1-4), alkaloids (5-11), phenolic compounds (12-17), tannins (18-23), phenylpropanoids (24-27), xanthanoids (28-31), amino acid (32), stilbenoid (33), benzofuran (34), coumarin (35), flavonoids (36-49) and terpenoids (50-70) were found to be active potential compounds for antidiabetic activity. Of the 70 listed compounds, majorly 17 compounds are from triterpenoids, 13 flavonoids and 7 are from alkaloids. Among all the 44 plant species, maximum number (7) of compounds are reported from Lagerstroemia speciosa followed by Momordica charantia (6) and S. oblonga with 5 compounds. Conclusion: This is the first paper to summarize the established chemical structures of phytochemicals that have been successfully screened for antidiabetic potential and their mechanisms of inhibition. The reported compounds could be considered as potential lead molecules for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. Further, molecular and clinical trials are required to select and establish the therapeutic drug candidates.

Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Genus Bombax

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-196
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Rathore ◽  
Geetanjali ◽  
Ram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Health Care Needs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Supportive Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of

Background: The history of traditional systems of medicine goes parallel with the history of human beings. Even today people have faith in traditional systems of medicine based on medicinal plants to meet primary health care needs. Hence, the scientific evaluation and documentation of extracts and active ingredients of medicinal plants always play a supportive role in their medicinal applications. Objective: This review aims to present the phytochemicals isolated from the genus Bombax and their pharmacological applications. Methods: The literature from research and review papers was analyzed and the information was compiled to present the pharmacological applications of various secondary metabolites from genus Bombax. Results: The genus Bombax belongs to the family Malvaceae and known for its therapeutic applications. The crude, semi-purified and purified extracts of different parts of this plant have shown potential therapeutic applications. A total of 96 articles including research and review papers were referred for the compilation of isolated phytochemicals and their chemical structures. Conclusion: We systematically summarized 176 isolated compounds from the genus Bombax. The findings show that this plant shows potential towards pharmacological activities. The activities were found more from extracts than the single isolated compounds.

scholarly journals Curcuma Longa, the “Golden Spice” to Counteract Neuroinflammaging and Cognitive Decline—What Have We Learned and What Needs to Be Done

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Alessandra Berry ◽  
Barbara Collacchi ◽  
Roberta Masella ◽  
Rosaria Varì ◽  
Francesca Cirulli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Natural Compound ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Global Increase ◽  
New Strategies

Due to the global increase in lifespan, the proportion of people showing cognitive impairment is expected to grow exponentially. As target-specific drugs capable of tackling dementia are lagging behind, the focus of preclinical and clinical research has recently shifted towards natural products. Curcumin, one of the best investigated botanical constituents in the biomedical literature, has been receiving increased interest due to its unique molecular structure, which targets inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. These pathways have been shown to be critical for neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and more in general for cognitive decline. Despite the substantial preclinical literature on the potential biomedical effects of curcumin, its relatively low bioavailability, poor water solubility and rapid metabolism/excretion have hampered clinical trials, resulting in mixed and inconclusive findings. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the potential effects of this natural compound on cognition. Furthermore, we focus on new strategies to overcome current limitations in its use and improve its efficacy, with attention also on gender-driven differences.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY AND THE ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY OF INULA VULGARIS SPECIES GROWN IN LEBANON

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Assi M. ◽  
Usta J. ◽  
Mounimne Y. ◽  
Aboul Ela M. ◽  
El Lakany A.
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antiproliferative Activity ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mtt Assays

Objective: Cancer represents the second leading cause of death after stroke and heart diseases. Plant extracts have long been used in traditional medicine for the prevention and treatment of many illnesses, including some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative effects of ethyl acetate fractions of two Lebanese herbs: Inula viscosa (I. vis) and Inula vulgaris (I. vul).Methods: Plants were extracted with ethanol followed by ethyl acetate, then dried and tested on three cell lines including CaCO2, HepG2, and MCF7, to check for their viability and antiproliferative activity, using trypan blue exclusion and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Proton (1H) and carbon (13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) were used to identify the compounds that have been isolated from both Inula species.Results: The current findings were consistent for both trypan blue and MTT assays. The results showed that the most potent effect for I. vul was HepG2 (IC50 20 µg/ml, 27 µg/ml), and for I. vis on MCF7 (9 µg/ml, 15 µg/ml) and CaCO2 (12 µg/ml, 22 µg/ml) in the two mentioned assays respectively. However, insignificant differences were observed among the studied plants for each of the evaluated cells indicating comparable potencies. Quercetin, quercetin glycoside, and epicatechin derivatives were isolated by fractionation on column chromatography and identified using NMR spectroscopy.Conclusion: The antiproliferative activities of the two plants could be related to their content that is significant for high levels of secondary metabolites. The identification of those compounds is necessary to establish a relationship between their chemical structures and their activities.

scholarly journals Bioactive effects of citrus flavonoids and role in the prevention of atherosclerosis and cancer

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Giammanco ◽  
Fulvio Plescia ◽  
Manfredi M. Giammanco ◽  
Gaetano Leto ◽  
Carla Gentile
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Degenerative Diseases ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Citrus Flavonoids ◽  
Prevention Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Reduced Risk

Citrus fruits are the main fruits of the Mediterranean diet and have been long recognized for their beneficial effects on human health. Observational studies have shown a significant association between dietary flavo-noid intake and reduced risk of cardiovascular and malignant diseases. The beneficial effects of citrus fruits on human health appear to be due to their high content in vitamins, minerals and fibers. In particular, the an-tioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities have been indicated as some of the mechanisms through which citrus fruits may thwarts the development of chronic degenerative diseases such as atherosclerosis and can-cer. This review would critically examine the results from numerous studies carried out in order assess the contribute of citrus flavonoids to the prevention of chronic pathological conditions including athero-sclerosis and cancer.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some Pyrimidine Derivatives: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1001-1015
Author(s):  
Nadia Ali Ahmed Elkanzi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Atom ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Ring System ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Cardiovascular Agents ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Biological And Pharmacological Activities

Nitrogen containing synthetically and biologically important heterocyclic ring system namely pyrimidine possess both biological and pharmacological activities, and defend as aromatic six heterocyclic with 1and 3 nitrogen atom in ring. Preparation of pyrimidine via different methods offer its importance in fields of medicinal chemistry and Chemistry. Pyrimidines and their derivatives act as anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, anti-tumor, cardiovascular agents, anti-neoplastic, anti-tubercular, anti- HIV, diuretic ,anti-viral, anti-microbial, ,analgesic .This review give light up on biological and pharmacological activities of pyrimidine nucleus.

scholarly journals New Insights Into the Promising Antibacterial Activity of Thiophene or Chromene Moiety Containing Aryl Sulfonamide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Rathore ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Om Prakash ◽  
Vivekanand ◽  
M.K. Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Structural Relationship ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Heterocyclic Moiety

Abstract Background: Aryl sulfonamides bearing thiophene and chromene moieties have been reviewed for their antibacterial activity and their synthetic methods. Heterocyclic moiety containing aryl sulfonamide compounds are dispersed in nature and are crucial for life. Diverse investigational strategies towards a structural relationship that cognizance upon the exploration of optimized candidates have grown to be extremely crucial.Method: Literature research tells that for a series of thiophene or chromene moiety containing aryl sulfonamide compoundsare vital in medicinal and industrial chemistry.Aryl sulfonamidescontainingheterocyclic moieties display pharmacological activities against pathogenic microbes.Result:Recent various disciplinary reported articles had been cited in this review article to define the potentialantibacterial properties of thiophene-arylsulfonamide and chromene-arylsulfonamide. Conclusion: The finding of this review confirms the importance of aryl sulfonamidescontaining thiophene or chromene moiety as potential antibacterial agents. These final resultswill give ideasto the synthesis and developmentof reactions leading to the potential derivativesfor betterpharmacological applications.

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