Application of Medicinal Plants as a Source for Therapeutic Agents Against Streptococcus pyogenes Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Adil ◽  
Rosina Khan ◽  
H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Therapeutic Agents

scholarly journals Pharmacology and Phytochemistry of Ecuadorian Medicinal Plants: An Update and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145
Author(s):  
Chabaco Armijos ◽  
Jorge Ramírez ◽  
Melissa Salinas ◽  
Giovanni Vidari ◽  
Alírica I. Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Studies

The use of plants as therapeutic agents is part of the traditional medicine that is practiced by many indigenous communities in Ecuador. The aim of this study was to update a review published in 2016 by including the studies that were carried out in the period 2016–July 2021 on about 120 Ecuadorian medicinal plants. Relevant data on raw extracts and isolated secondary metabolites were retrieved from different databases, resulting in 104 references. They included phytochemical and pharmacological studies on several non-volatile compounds, as well as the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs). The tested biological activities are also reported. The potential of Ecuadorian plants as sources of products for practical applications in different fields, as well the perspectives of future investigations, are discussed in the last part of the review.

scholarly journals Bactericidal and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Ethanol Extracts Derived from Selected Medicinal Plants against Streptococcus pyogenes

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niluni Wijesundara ◽  
H. Rupasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Streptococcal Pharyngitis ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background: There is a growing interest in medicinal plants which have been traditionally used for the treatment of human infections. This study assessed 14 ethanol extracts (EEs) on bacterial growth and biofilm formation of Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: Constituent major phytochemicals in the extracts were identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Micro-broth dilution and time-kill assays were used to determine antibacterial activities. Anti-biofilm activities were studied using MTT assay, and morphology of biofilms was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was employed to visualize the ultra-cross section structure of bacteria treated with efficacious extracts. Results: Licorice root, purple coneflower flower, purple coneflower stem, sage leaves and slippery elm inner bark EEs were the most effective, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of 62.5 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL, respectively. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of extracts ranged from 31.5–250 μg/mL. Morphological changes were observed in treated biofilms compared to the untreated. The four most effective extracts exhibited the ability to induce degradation of bacterial cell wall and disintegration of the plasma membrane. Conclusion: We suggest that EEs of sage leaf and purple coneflower flower are promising candidates to be further investigated for developing alternative natural therapies for the management of streptococcal pharyngitis.

scholarly journals AN OVERVIEW OF COLORECTAL CANCER: IMPLICATION OF TWO MEDICINAL PLANTS IN THEIR TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
JYOTHI BASINI ◽  
SIREESHA RAYADURGAM ◽  
SWETHA DAKSHINAMURTHY
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Traditional Medicinal Plants

Nowadays, cancer is one of the most common diseases in humans. Among all types, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most serious types diagnosed in men after lung and prostate cancer while in women it occupies the second position after breast cancer worldwide. The risk factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, bad nutritional habits (high in fats and proteins), smoking, and progressive aging are the cause of CRC. The acquisition of abnormal mutations leads to a consisting of many different arrangements of events during the tumor development process. Over the years, different approaches have been employed, in the treatment of cancer. These include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is routinely used for cancer treatment, but the toxicity of chemotherapeutics on healthy cells of the human body is obvious. This is the reason for discovering the new, natural origin, substances with potential cytostatic effects and less toxic side effects on the healthy cells. Medicinal plants have a special place in the management of cancer. Numerous cancer research studies have been conducted using traditional medicinal plants to discover new therapeutic agents with fewer side effects. In this review, we are describing two medicinal plants such as Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link (Mayurashikha) and Terminalia pallida Brandis (Tella karaka) (endemic plant) which are available immensely in Chittoor District are used till today by the traditional herbal practitioners, tribal people is near to Talakona forest and Ayurvedic people for various diseases and also for CRC.

scholarly journals Standardization of Herbal Drugs – A Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Umamaheswari ◽  
R. Muthuraja ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
B.S. Venkateswarlu
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Assurance Program ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Herbal Formulations ◽  
Dosage Formulation

The medicinal plants are important source for pharmaceutical manufacturing. Medicinal plants & herbal medicines account for a significant percentage of the pharmaceutical market. As the side effects of Synthetic medicine have started getting more apparent, majority of formulation are prepared from herbs. The herbal medicines however, suffer from lack of standardization parameters. The main limitation is the lack of standardization of raw materials, of processing methods and of the final products, dosage formulation, and the non existence of criteria for quality control. Herbal formulations have reached extensive acceptability as therapeutic agents for several diseases. The development of authentic analytical methods which can reliably profile the phytochemical composition, including quantitative analyses of marker/bioactive compounds and other major constituents, is a major challenge to scientists. Standardization is an important step for the establishment of a consistent biological activity, a consistent chemical profile, or simply a quality assurance program for production and manufacturing of herbal drugs.

Discovery of a “Cocktail” of Potential SARS-COV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors through Virtual Screening of Known Chemical Components of Vitex negundo L. (“Lagundi”)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruel Cayona ◽  
Evelyn Creencia
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Donor And Acceptor

Aim: The prevailing crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic demands the development of effective therapeutic agents that can be implemented with minimal to zero adverse effects. Background: Vitex negundo L. (VNL) is a medicinal plant with reported efficacy against respiratory diseases and some of the COVID-19 symptoms. Funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST), the University of the Philippines – Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) is currently conducting clinical trials of VNL and other medicinal plants as adjuvant therapeutic agents against mild cases of COVID-19. The basis for the clinical trials is primarily the pharmacological efficacy of the medicinal plants against respiratory disorders and associated COVID-19 symptoms. Objective: This study assessed the in silico potential of VNL components against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), an enzyme that plays an important role in COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Objective: This study assessed the in silico potential of VNL components against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), an enzyme that plays an important role in COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2. Method: Phytochemical mining of VNL components from the literature was conducted. A database consisting of 250 known compounds from different parts of VNL was created and screened against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro using the PyRx virtual screening tool. The most promising components were further subjected to in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) analyses using the SwissADME web server and Toxtree software. Results: Virtual screening revealed that 102 VNL components in the database had comparable to or better binding affinities toward SARS-COV-2 Mpro than known chemical inhibitors (e.g. N3 and carmofur). It was determined that the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro receptor consists of multiple H-donor and acceptor sites; hence, the most stable receptor-ligand complexes are generally formed by VNL ligands that establish effective H-bonding with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The promising components, representing a “cocktail” of potential inhibitors also revealed interesting ADMET properties. Conclusion: This in silico study identified VNL as a potential single source of a cocktail of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors and a promising adjuvant therapeutic agent against COVID-19 or its symptoms. Furthermore, the study offers a rationale on phytochemical mining from medicinal plants as a means that can be implemented in the early stage of a drug discovery and development program.

scholarly journals Alzheimer‘s disease: exploring nature’s ‘medicinal chest’ for new therapeutic agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Anthony Tsarbopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Disease Modifying Agents

AbstractNatural products have served humanity as a valuable source for the discovery and development of therapeutic agents. In addition, these phytochemicals can function as lead compounds for the development of synthetic analogs aimed at treating human diseases. In our aging society, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, which is characterized by a significant and progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. As society demographics change, the predominance of AD and other age-related dementias is increasing, with concurrent financial and societal costs.AD represents one of the most remarkable scientific challenges for drug discovery as the search for effective disease-modifying agents has been unsuccessful. Medicinal plants have been used for their “anti-aging” properties, and cognitive enhancing properties. In the past decades, natural products have been studied for their anti-AD properties, and their potential for developing therapeutic agents against several molecular targets has been evaluated. This insight evaluates the prospects of medicinal plants for providing disease-modifying, as well as disease-preventing, agents for AD.

scholarly journals Antipyretic Activity of Gudduchi (-Tinospora cordifolia)- A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-128
Author(s):  
K. A. Haseena ◽  
Neha Gadgil ◽  
Snigdha Das Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Indian Medicinal Plants

Pyrexia is defined as elevation of body temperature. It is a response due to tissue damage, inflammation, alignancy etc. Fever is associated with symptoms of lethargy, depression, anorexia, sleepiness etc. In Ayurveda, many drugs are attributed with jwaragna property. Among these described drugs gudduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) has the best antipyretic activity. Indian medicinal plants and their derivatives are having invaluable source of therapeutic agents to treat various disorders. Nowadays, many drugs have been developed from plants which are active against a number of diseases.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxicity: Treatment, causes and applications of medicinal plants as therapeutic agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-193
Author(s):  
Meagan Thompson ◽  
◽  
Yogini Jaiswal ◽  
Ilya Wang ◽  
Leonard Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Hepatoprotective Agents

Hepatotoxicity, or liver damage, is caused by hepatotoxins, which may source from chemicals, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical drugs, and medicinal plants. Notably, numerous medicinal plants are used to alleviate illness, particularly in traditional systems of medicine, such as Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine. These systems of medicine have been implemented for centuries for treating various ailments. Some medicinal plants serve as hepatoprotectors against liver damage, while others induce hepatotoxicity. Recent advances in instrumentation and knowledge of active components have allowed research scientists to study the drug metabolic pathways of these phytopharmaceuticals to establish a causal relationship between medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on the human liver, as a hepatoprotector or a causative agent for hepatotoxicity. The human liver metabolizes substances via oxidation, reduction, hydration, hydrolysis, condensation, conjugation, or isomerization. Interruption of these processes can lead to hepatotoxicity, causing liver cancer, cirrhosis and Hepatitis C, respectively. Such diseases are responsible for higher mortality rates worldwide. The present review focuses on highlighting various plants that are hepatoprotective, hepatotoxic and the challenges faced by phytopharmaceuticals. The article also emphasizes on various agents (bioactives from medicinal plants, industrial toxins and pharmaceutical compounds) that have been reported to cause hepatotoxicity. The article proposes views and beneficial medicinal plants that can help in identification of natural hepatoprotective agents for future natural product based drug discovery.

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