Polymer-Based Nanotherapeutics for Burn Wounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rewati Raman Ujjwal ◽  
Awesh Yadav ◽  
Shourya Tripathi ◽  
S.T.V. Sai Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Burn Wounds

: Burn wounds are complex and intricate injuries that have become a common cause of trauma leading to significant mortality and morbidity every year. Dressings are applied to burn wounds with the aim of promoting wound healing, preventing burn infection and restoring skin function. The dressing protects the injury and contributes to recovery of dermal and epidermal tissues. Polymer-based nanotherapeutics are increasingly being exploited as burn wound dressings. Natural polymers such as cellulose, chitin, alginate, collagen, gelatin and synthetic polymers like poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), polycaprolactone, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinyl alcohol are being obtained as nanofibers by nanotechnological approaches like electrospinning and have shown wound healing and re-epithelialization properties. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability, sound mechanical properties and unique structures provide optimal microenvironment for cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration contributing to burn wound healing. The polymeric nanofibers mimic collagen fibers present in extracellular matrix and their high porosity and surface area to volume ratio enable increased interaction and sustained release of therapeutics at the site of thermal injury. This review is an attempt to compile all recent advances in the use of polymer-based nanotherapeutics for burn wounds. The various natural and synthetic polymers used have been discussed comprehensively and approaches being employed have been reported. With immense research effort that is currently being invested in this field and development of proper characterization and regulatory framework, future progress in burn treatment is expected to occur. Moreover, appropriate preclinical and clinical research will provide evidence for the great potential that polymer-based nanotherapeutics hold in the management of burn wounds.

671 Burn Wound Healing Effect of Bromelain-loaded Chitosan Nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S192-S192
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Kalalinia ◽  
Nafise Aamiri ◽  
Samaneh Bayat ◽  
Jebrail Movaffagh ◽  
Maryam Hahsemi
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Healing Effect ◽  
Burn Wound Healing

Abstract Introduction Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes present in all tissues of pineapple (Ananas comosus). It is known as an efficient debriding agent in burn treatment and has been shown to effectively and selectively debride burn eschar. In this study, the efficiency of bromelain-loaded chitosan nanofibers for burn wounds repair was investigated in animal model. Methods Chitosan nanofibers containing bromelain were prepared by electrospinning method. The physicochemical characteristics of the synthetized nanofibers, release profile and activity of bromelain loaded in nanofibers were evaluated. The burn healing effect of bromelain-loaded nanofibers were studied in the induced burn wounds in rats for 21 days. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by evaluating changes in wound closer and histological analysis at different time point. Results Successful electrospinning of bromelain-loaded chitosan nanofibers resulted in uniform and bead-less nanofibers which released bromelain up to 48h. The formulation kept bromelain enzyme activity after 6-month storage at 4 °C and did not show any cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, in vivo study in a rat burn model confirmed the safety and efficacy of applying bromelain loaded nanofibers in burn wound healing when a significant improve in wound closer was observed in bromelain loaded group and histopathological studies showed more effects on re-epithelialization, debridement and more reduction of necrosis compared to chitosan alone. Conclusions Together, these results suggest that bromelain chitosan nanofiber possesses great wound healing activity and could be considered as an effective natural topical burn wound healing treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Topical Antimicrobial Formulations on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm in an In vivo Porcine Burn Wound Model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.C. Davis ◽  
M. Solis ◽  
J. Gil ◽  
J. Valdes ◽  
A. Higa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Wound Model

AbstractSilver has been incorporated into a variety of wound dressings and topical agents to prevent and combat wound infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of burn wound infections and well-known biofilm producer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a panel of wound dressings containing different silver formulations on P. aeruginosa biofilms using an in vivo porcine burn wound model. Second-degree burns were created on the skin of specific pathogen-free pigs (n = 3) and inoculated with 2.14 × 105 cfu P. aeruginosa per wound. Biofilms were allowed to develop for 24 h, and then each wound was treated with one of 6 treatments: silver oxynitrate dressing (OXY), silver oxynitrate powder (POWD), nanocrystalline silver dressing (NANO), silver chloride dressing (AGCL), silver sulfadiazine (SSD), or a negative control polyurethane film with no silver-based formulation (NEG). Wounds were cultured at D3 post-infection (n = 3 per pig per treatment) and at D6 post-infection (n = 3 per pig per treatment) for quantification of bacteria. On D6, biopsies (n = 3 per treatment) were taken from POWD, SSD, and NEG wounds and wound healing progress was evaluated histologically. At the time of treatment initiation, 24 h post-infection, 8.71 log cfu P. aeruginosa were present in burn wounds. On D3 and D6, all treatments significantly reduced bacterial counts in wounds as compared to NEG, but POWD caused an approximately 7-log reduction in bacterial counts on both days and was the only treatment to reduce the bacterial counts to below the threshold for detecting bacteria. The OXY, NANO, and SSD treatments had similar reductions in bacterial recovery on D3 and D6 of approximately 2.5-4 log. The histological healing metrics of reepithelialization percentage, epithelial thickness, white cell infiltration, angiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation were similar among wounds from POWD, SSD, and NEG groups at 6 days post-infection. Silver oxynitrate powder reduced P. aeruginosa growth in burn wounds more effectively than other silver-based dressings but did not impact wound healing.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Hybrid Nanofibers from Biopolymers and Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)/Poly (ε-Caprolactone) for Wound Dressing Applications

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2104
Author(s):  
Sibusiso Alven ◽  
Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Hybrid Nanofibers

The management of chronic wounds is challenging. The factors that impede wound healing include malnutrition, diseases (such as diabetes, cancer), and bacterial infection. Most of the presently utilized wound dressing materials suffer from severe limitations, including poor antibacterial and mechanical properties. Wound dressings formulated from the combination of biopolymers and synthetic polymers (i.e., poly (vinyl alcohol) or poly (ε-caprolactone) display interesting properties, including good biocompatibility, improved biodegradation, good mechanical properties and antimicrobial effects, promote tissue regeneration, etc. Formulation of these wound dressings via electrospinning technique is cost-effective, useful for uniform and continuous nanofibers with controllable pore structure, high porosity, excellent swelling capacity, good gaseous exchange, excellent cellular adhesion, and show a good capability to provide moisture and warmth environment for the accelerated wound healing process. Based on the above-mentioned outstanding properties of nanofibers and the unique properties of hybrid wound dressings prepared from poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (ε-caprolactone), this review reports the in vitro and in vivo outcomes of the reported hybrid nanofibers.

scholarly journals Wound Healing Composite Materials of Bacterial Cellulose and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Immobilized Betulin Diphosphate

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Nina Melnikova ◽  
Alexander Knyazev ◽  
Viktor Nikolskiy ◽  
Peter Peretyagin ◽  
Kseniia Belyaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

A design of new nanocomposites of bacterial cellulose (BC) and betulin diphosphate (BDP) pre-impregnated into the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for the production of wound dressings is proposed. The sizes of crystalline BC and ZnO NPs (5–25%) corresponded to 5–6 nm and 10–18 nm, respectively (powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), Fourier-infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV), atomic absorption (AAS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies). The biological activity of the wound dressings “BC-ZnO NPs-BDP” was investigated in rats using a burn wound model. Morpho-histological studies have shown that more intensive healing was observed during treatment with hydrophilic nanocomposites than the oleophilic standard (ZnO NPs-BDP oleogel; p < 0.001). Treatment by both hydrophilic and lipophilic agents led to increases in antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase) in erythrocytes and decreases in the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration by 7, 10 and 21 days (p < 0.001). The microcirculation index was restored on the 3rd day after burn under treatment with BC-ZnO NPs-BDP wound dressings. The results of effective wound healing with BC-ZnO NPs-BDP nanocomposites can be explained by the synergistic effect of all nanocomposite components, which regulate oxygenation and microcirculation, reducing hypoxia and oxidative stress in a burn wound.

556 The Use of a Concentrated Surfactant Based Gel to Promote Burn Wound Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S126-S127
Author(s):  
Rebecca Coffey ◽  
Rachel Penny
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
New Product ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Product Trial ◽  
Burn Wound Healing

Abstract Introduction Strategies to remove necrotic tissue from burn wounds include excisional and non-excisional debridement. Alternative treatments could promote burn wound healing while minimizing patient discomfort and the need for surgery. We evaluated the usage of a concentrated surfactant gel (CSG) to promote burn wound healing in those with indeterminate depth and full thickness burn injuries. Methods An IRB approved retrospective study was conducted during a 10-patient new product trial period with enrollment between September and October 2019. Patients included in this study had indeterminate or full thickness burn wounds and were treated with a concentrated surfactant-based gel. Patients with non-burn diagnoses were excluded. Data collected included demographic information, injury descriptors, and additional burn wound characteristics. Results A total of 10 patients were included in this study as part of a new product trial. The subjects were 80% male with an average TBSA of 7.5%. 40% had indeterminate and 60% had full thickness burn wounds. Prior to initiation of the CSG, the burn wounds had been open for an average of 41 days. There were no infections or complications with usage of the CSG. 90% of patients reported less pain than the standard of care topical agents for burns. Average duration of treatment with the CSG until healing was 28 days. After usage of the CSG, no patients required surgery. Conclusions Our findings support the usage of a concentrated surfactant-based gel in patients with burn wounds. Patients reported decreased pain during dressing changes and ease of use compared to the standard topical agent in burn care. It also prevented surgical debridement in those with indeterminate and full thickness burn injuries.

647 Development of a Cerium (III) Nitrate-containing Electrospun Dressing for Mitigating Delayed Eschar Removal

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S169-S170
Author(s):  
Angela R Jockheck-Clark ◽  
Cortes Williams ◽  
Christine Kowalczewski ◽  
Jahnabi Roy ◽  
Marc A Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Treatment ◽  
N Application ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
N Release

Abstract Introduction During periods of delayed burn treatment, cells within the eschar leach toxic and immunomodulatory metabolites that can profoundly impact neighboring tissue. Therefore, to reduce the burn-related morbidities and mortalities that are the result of delayed surgical interventions, electrospinning was utilized to generate a novel cerium (III) nitrate (Ce(III)N) dressing. Previously published work has demonstrated that topical Ce(III)N application changes the eschar morphology, and that tissue beneath the treated eschar was generally healthy and had a high rate of graft acceptance. Methods Ce(III)N was dissolved with polyethylene oxide and spun onto a grounded rotating mandrel. The uni-axially spun mesh was compared to a co-axially electrospun dressing that contained a Ce(III)N core. Dressings were evaluated for topography/morphology, porosity and oxygen permeation using scanning electron microscopy, helium pycnometry, and a gas exchange chamber, respectively. Ce(III)N release rates were evaluated, as well as 60-day storage stability. Results All electrospun dressings contained functional Ce(III)N, with the co-axially spun dressing containing three times the amount of Ce(III)N as the traditionally spun dressing. Uni-axially and co-axially spun nanofibers had diameters of 1487±560 nm and 1071±147 nm, and porosities of 83.9% and 74.1%, respectively. Scaffolds released the majority of Ce(III)N within the first hour of wetting. Conclusions All dressings were capable of a burst of Ce(III)N release and maintained stability when stored at room temperature for 60 days. Applicability of Research to Practice Despite advancement in protective equipment worn by military personnel, the incidence of thermal injury is expected to rise in future conflicts. There are no burn wound dressings that can mitigate the pathophysiological processes associated with delayed burn wound treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HEALOL OIL ON WOUND HEALING IN WISTAR RATS: A NOVEL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Sujith V ◽  
Poornima G ◽  
Balaji O ◽  
Bairy Kl ◽  
Praveen K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Silver Sulfadiazine ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Excision Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Wound Model

 Objective: Wound healing is a complex process, and various plant extracts have been used to study the effect of medicinal plants on wound healing. Healol oil is used in some tribal areas for ulcer healing and treatment of burn wounds. There are no animal studies done so far using healol oil to find out its role in the treatment of wounds. Hence, the aim of our study is to find the effect of healol oil in excision as well burn wounds in Wistar rats.Methods: Thirty-six Wistar rats were used, 18 rats in excision wound model and remaining in burn wound model. Each model consists of three groups of six rats each. Povidone-iodine was used as a standard control in excision wound model and silver sulfadiazine was used as a standard control in burn wound model. Healol oil was used as test drug in both the models. Period of epithelization and wound contracture rates were analyzed. Histopathological analysis of the skin tissue was done. One-way analysis of variance was used followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for statistical analysis using SPSS version 23 software, P value of <0.05 was taken as statistical significance.Results: Both standard and test groups showed significantly faster wound healing (p<0.001) compared to control rats treated with paraffin wax in both the models. In excision model standard povidone was significantly (p<0.001) better compared to healol oil whereas in burn model, silver sulfadiazine and healol oil showed comparable results with respect to period of epithelization without statistical significance (p>0.05).Conclusion: Wound healing property of healol oil is proved, and further clinical trial can be done to find out the effect of healol oil on chronic wounds due to various etiologies.

scholarly journals Sufficient therapeutic effect of cryopreserved frozen adipose-derived regenerative cells on burn wounds

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Kaita ◽  
Takehiko Tarui ◽  
Hideaki Yoshino ◽  
Takeaki Matsuda ◽  
Yoshihiro Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Burn Wound Healing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Regenerative Cells

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether cryopreserved (frozen) adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) have a therapeutic effect on burn wound healing as well as freshly isolated (fresh) ADRCs.Full thickness burns were created on dorsum of nude mice and burn wound was excised. The wound was covered by artificial dermis with; (i) fresh ADRCs, (ii) frozen ADRCs, and (iii) PBS (control). The assessment for wound healing was performed by morphological, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses.In vivo analyses exhibited the significant therapeutic effect of frozen ADRCs on burn wound healing up to the similar or higher level of fresh ADRCs. There were significant differences of wound closure, epithelized tissue thickness, and neovascularization between the treatment groups and control group. Although there was no significant difference of therapeutic efficacy between fresh ADRC group and frozen ADRC group, frozen ADRCs improved burn wound healing process in dermal regeneration with increased great type I collagen synthesis compared with fresh ADRCs.These findings indicate that frozen ADRCs allow us to apply not only quickly but also for multiple times, and the cryopreserved ADRCs could therefore be useful for the treatment of burn wounds in clinical settings.

scholarly journals Plant Mediated Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Burn Wound Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riyaz Beg ◽  
Shital Ghodinde ◽  
Vidhi Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Burn Wound Healing

In this changing world, we all are surrounded by the surmountable risk of getting injured. Amongst various risk factors, major burns are the most distressing and catastrophic. Burn wounds are not easy to heal via natural healing process and ultimately ended up with scar formation. If the degree of burn is high then the loss of tissue and its function is very common. To fasten-up the natural burn wound healing; zinc, an essential trace element is found to be very much effective. But due to its&rsquo; particle size limitation, less contact with wounded cells and tissues, and high inherent toxicity restrict its use. Needlessly, zinc is an element with dual action i.e. both antimicrobial and wound healing it is a prime choice to apply its aptitude in burn wound healing. To overcome the documented limitations zinc has converted to nanoparticle form. Zinc oxide nanoparticles, in particular, have attained ample of interest due to their unique properties and potential antimicrobial activity along with wound healing activity which makes it promising for the healing of topical burn wounds. Plant mediated green synthesis of nano-metal oxide particles is gaining a lot of significance due to its simplicity, eco-friendliness and extensive antimicrobial activity and recommended as an appealing substitute to not only physical methods but also chemical methods avoiding the use of the high rate of toxic chemicals and extreme surroundings. This study includes ZnO NPs role in burn wound healing with Phyto-mediated synthesis methods to provide evidence of their potential applications. Additionally, it provides an overview of traditional methods used for the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and characterization techniques to obtain information concerning the size, shape and optical properties along with toxicity and safety concern of ZnO NPs and its biomedical applications.

scholarly journals A 3D In Vitro Model for Burn Wounds: Monitoring of Regeneration on the Epidermal Level

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Verena Schneider ◽  
Daniel Kruse ◽  
Ives Bernardelli de Mattos ◽  
Saskia Zöphel ◽  
Kendra-Kathrin Tiltmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Burn Wounds

Burns affect millions every year and a model to mimic the pathophysiology of such injuries in detail is required to better understand regeneration. The current gold standard for studying burn wounds are animal models, which are under criticism due to ethical considerations and a limited predictiveness. Here, we present a three-dimensional burn model, based on an open-source model, to monitor wound healing on the epidermal level. Skin equivalents were burned, using a preheated metal cylinder. The healing process was monitored regarding histomorphology, metabolic changes, inflammatory response and reepithelialization for 14 days. During this time, the wound size decreased from 25% to 5% of the model area and the inflammatory response (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8) showed a comparable course to wounding and healing in vivo. Additionally, the topical application of 5% dexpanthenol enhanced tissue morphology and the number of proliferative keratinocytes in the newly formed epidermis, but did not influence the overall reepithelialization rate. In summary, the model showed a comparable healing process to in vivo, and thus, offers the opportunity to better understand the physiology of thermal burn wound healing on the keratinocyte level.

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