Circulating miRNA in atherosclerosis: a clinical biomarker and early diagnostic tool

: Atherosclerosis, which is a vascular disease, is characterized by narrowing the arteries and forming plaque inside arteries. There is a record 17.5 million associated deaths recorded annually, representing 31% of global death. It has been noted that there is an association between vascular fibrosis and atherosclerosis. The thickening of the arterial wall and reduction of the lumen diameter may cause unwarranted deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), and these conditions help in the progression of many clinical diseases and pathological conditions such as atherosclerosis. Here, we reviewed the involvement of various circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the very early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. We have also tried to provide an insight into the advantages and validation of circulating miRNAs through different techniques. We have discussed different circulating miRNAs, such as miR-17, miR-17-5p, miR-29b, miR-30, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-143, miR-145, miR-146a, miR-212, miR-218, miR-221, miR-222, miR-361-5p, as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The insightful demonstration in this review will offer a better opportunity for the researchers and technology developers in understanding the current scenario of circulating miRNA, which could facilitate them in improving the current diagnostic technologies of atherosclerosis in clinics.

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Changes in Circulating MicroRNAs Are Associated With Childhood Obesity

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2013-1496 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 98 (10) ◽

pp. E1655-E1660 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Anna Prats-Puig ◽

Francisco J. Ortega ◽

Josep M. Mercader ◽

José M. Moreno-Navarrete ◽

María Moreno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Childhood Obesity ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Mirna Profile ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Obese Children ◽

High Molecular Weight Adiponectin ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Circulating Mirna

Abstract Context: Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are valuable biomarkers of metabolic diseases and potential therapeutic targets in this field. Objective: Our objective was to define the circulating pattern of miRNAs in childhood obesity. Design, Settings, and Main Outcome Measure: The genome-wide circulating miRNA profile was assessed by RT-PCR in 10 boys (5 lean and 5 obese children). The most relevant miRNAs were cross-sectionally validated in 85 lean versus 40 obese children (63 boys and 62 girls) and longitudinally evaluated in samples from the same children when they were ∼7 and ∼10 years old (23 boys and 22 girls). Results: The cross-sectional validation study disclosed that 15 specific circulating miRNAs were significantly deregulated in prepubertal obesity, including the decreased miR-221 and miR-28-3p and increased concentrations in plasma of miR-486-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-130b, and miR-423-5p (all P < .0001). The circulating concentration of these miRNAs was significantly associated with body mass index and other measures of obesity such as percent fat mass, waist, regional fat distribution and with laboratory parameters such as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, high-molecular-weight adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and circulating lipids in concordance with anthropometric associations. Plasma concentrations of 10 of these circulating miRNAs changed significantly and differently during the 3-year follow-up in children who increased or decreased their normalized weight. Conclusion: This study provides the first evidence that circulating miRNAs are deregulated in prepubertal obese children. Thus, the very early detection of an abnormal circulating miRNA profile may be a promising strategy to identify obese children who may suffer from metabolic abnormalities.

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Integrated miRNA/cytokine/chemokine profiling reveals immunopathological step changes associated with COVID-19 severity

10.1101/2021.08.04.21261471 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Julie C. WIlson ◽

David Kealy ◽

Sally R. James ◽

Katherine Newling ◽

Christopher Jagger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Correlation Analysis ◽

Partial Least Squares Regression ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Plasma Samples ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Circulating Mirna ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Insight Into

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) are exceptional mechanism-based correlates of disease, yet their potential remains largely untapped in COVID-19. Here, we determined circulating miRNA and cytokine and chemokine (CC) profiles in 171 blood plasma samples from 58 hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Thirty-two miRNAs were differentially expressed in severe cases when compared to moderate and mild cases. These miRNAs and their predicted targets reflected key COVID-19 features including cell death and hypoxia. Compared to mild cases, moderate and severe cases were characterised by a global decrease in circulating miRNA levels. Partial least squares regression using miRNA and CC measurements allowed for discrimination of severe cases with greater accuracy (87%) than using miRNA or CC levels alone. Correlation analysis revealed severity group-specific associations between CC and miRNA levels. Importantly, the miRNAs that correlated with IL6 and CXCL10, two cardinal COVID-19-associated cytokines, were distinct between severity groups, providing a novel qualitative way to stratify patients with similar levels of proinflammatory cytokines but different disease severity. Integration of miRNA and CC levels with clinical parameters revealed severity-specific signatures associated with clinical hallmarks of COVID-19. Our study highlights the existence of severity-specific circulating CC/miRNA networks, providing insight into COVID-19 pathogenesis and a novel approach for monitoring COVID-19 progression.

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Socio-Demographic Factors and Health-Related Behaviors Associated with Gerontology

GIS Business ◽

10.26643/gis.v14i6.11943 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 359-370

Author(s):

Dr. Ravi S. Dalawai

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Work Culture ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Health Related ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Current Scenario ◽

Socio Demographic Factors ◽

Insight Into

Indian population is in growing trend from 942.2 million in 1994 to 1.36 billion in 2019.Among this six per cent of India's population was of the age 65 and above (UNFPA, 2019). Today the work culture is totally changed. Both husband and wife are forced to work in the current scenario and unable to take care of their parents. The changing structure created increased problems for old age people leads to loneliness, psychological, physical health and financial insecurity. The study paper provides insight into the social and demographic factor and health related sickness of the oldest people. This research explained the cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=116) of adults aged ≥60 years. The sample was chosen using a four-stage stratified random-cluster survey sampling method .The Chi Square test and ANOVA test was analyzed using SPSS20.

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FOXC1 in cancer development and therapy: deciphering its emerging and divergent roles

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology ◽

10.1177/1758834017742576 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 797-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Zhi Yang ◽

Shuai Jiang ◽

Yicheng Cheng ◽

Tian Li ◽

Wei Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcriptional Regulator ◽

Cancer Development ◽

Protein Activity ◽

Stem Cell Maintenance ◽

Cancer Migration ◽

Forkhead Box ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Clinical Biomarker ◽

Abnormal Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Maintenance

Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) is an essential member of the forkhead box transcription factors and has been highlighted as an important transcriptional regulator of crucial proteins associated with a wide variety of carcinomas. FOXC1 regulates tumor-associated genes and is regulated by multiple pathways that control its mRNA expression and protein activity. Aberrant FOXC1 expression is involved in diverse tumorigenic processes, such as abnormal cell proliferation, cancer stem cell maintenance, cancer migration, and angiogenesis. Herein, we review the correlation between the expression of FOXC1 and tumor behaviors. We also summarize the mechanisms of the regulation of FOXC1 expression and activity in physiological and pathological conditions. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes of cancer targeted by FOXC1 and discuss whether FOXC1 is good or detrimental during tumor progression. Moreover, FOXC1 is highlighted as a clinical biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis in various human cancers. The information reviewed here should assist in experimental designs and emphasize the potential of FOXC1 as a therapeutic target for cancer.

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Early diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction

Journal of Cellular Physiology ◽

10.1002/jcp.28045 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 234 (8) ◽

pp. 13649-13658 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Long Li ◽

Sufang Li ◽

Manyan Wu ◽

Cheng Chi ◽

Dan Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Early Diagnostic

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Circulating MicroRNAs in Blood and Other Body Fluids as Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy Response in Lung Cancer

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11030421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

Luis Vicente Gayosso-Gómez ◽

Blanca Ortiz-Quintero

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Clinical Application ◽

Therapy Response ◽

Body Fluids ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Potential Value ◽

Potential Clinical Application

The identification of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in peripheral blood and other body fluids has led to considerable research interest in investigating their potential clinical application as non-invasive biomarkers of cancer, including lung cancer, the deadliest malignancy worldwide. Several studies have found that alterations in the levels of miRNAs in circulation are able to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy individuals (diagnosis) and are associated with patient outcome (prognosis) and treatment response (prediction). Increasing evidence indicates that circulating miRNAs may function as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, affecting biological processes associated with tumor initiation and progression. This review is focused on the most recent studies that provide evidence of the potential value of circulating miRNAs in blood and other body fluids as non-invasive biomarkers of lung cancer in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment. The status of their potential clinical application in lung cancer is also discussed, and relevant clinical trials were sought and are described. Because of the relevance of their biological characteristics and potential value as biomarkers, this review provides an overview of the canonical biogenesis, release mechanisms, and biological role of miRNAs in lung cancer.

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Patient-Specific Modelling of Intracranial Aneurysm Evolution

ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2011-53223 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Paul N. Watton ◽

Marc Homer ◽

Justin Penrose ◽

Harry Thompson ◽

Haoyu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Wall ◽

Adult Population ◽

Computational Simulation ◽

Clinical Intervention ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Computational Framework ◽

Important Concern ◽

Risk Of Rupture ◽

Appropriate Therapy ◽

Insight Into

Intracranial aneurysms appear as sac-like outpouchings of the cerebral vasculature wall; inflated by the pressure of the blood that fills them. They are relatively common and affect up to 5% of the adult population. Fortunately, most remain asymptomatic. However, there is a small but inherent risk of rupture: 0.1% to 1% of detected aneurysms rupture every year. If rupture does occur there is a 30% to 50% chance of fatality. Consequently, if an aneurysm is detected, clinical intervention may be deemed appropriate. Therapy is currently aimed at pre-rupture detection and preventative treatment. However, interventional procedures are not without risk to the patient. The improvement and optimization of interventional techniques is an important concern for patient welfare and is necessary for rationalisation of healthcare priorities. Hence there is a need to develop methodologies to assist in identifying those ICAs most at risk of rupture. We focus on the mathematical modelling and computational simulation of ICA evolution. Models must take into consideration: (i) the biomechanics of the arterial wall; (ii) the biology of the arterial wall and (iii) the complex interplay between (i) and (ii), i.e. the mechanobiology of the arterial wall. The ultimate ambition of such models is to aid clinical diagnosis on a patient-specific basis. However, due to the significant biological complexity coupled with limited histological information such models are still in their relative infancy. Current research focuses on simulating the evolution of an ICA with an aim to yield insight into the growth and remodelling (G&R) processes that give rise to inception, enlargement, stabilisation and rupture. We present a novel Fluid-Structure-Growth computational framework for modelling aneurysm evolution.

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Identification and Characterization of Circulating MicroRNAs as Novel Biomarkers in Dogs With Heart Diseases

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.729929 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Woong-Bin Ro ◽

Min-Hee Kang ◽

Doo-Won Song ◽

Heyong-Seok Kim ◽

Ga-Won Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Roc Analysis ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Ductus Arteriosus ◽

Canine Heart ◽

Circulating Mirnas ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Circulating Micrornas ◽

Concentric Hypertrophy ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Healthy Dogs

Background: Previous studies in humans have confirmed dysregulations of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patients with various cardiovascular diseases. However, studies on circulating miRNAs in dogs with various heart diseases are limited in number. This study aimed to identify significantly dysregulated circulating miRNAs and characterize them as novel biomarkers in dogs with heart diseases.Materials and Methods: Circulating levels of 11 miRNAs were investigated in serum samples of 82 dogs (72 with heart diseases and 10 healthy dogs) using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results were correlated to clinical data including echocardiographic results and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels.Results: Upregulation of cfa-miR-130b was observed in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) stage B, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonic stenosis. In dogs with MMVD stage B, cfa-miR-130b was upregulated and correlated with clinical indices. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, cfa-miR-130b accurately distinguished dogs with diseases from healthy dogs. We also observed that cfa-miR-375 and cfa-let-7b were upregulated in dogs with concentric cardiac hypertrophy. The cfa-miR-375 was correlated with concentric hypertrophy indices and was an accurate indicator of concentric hypertrophy in ROC analysis.Conclusions: The miRNAs identified in this study may be used as novel biomarkers and possible candidates for therapeutic targets in various canine heart diseases.

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X-ray diagnostics of most common periodontal diseases in dogs and cats

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1502101k ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 101-110

Author(s):

Nikola Krstic ◽

Mirjana Lazarevic-Macanovic ◽

Branislava Mitrovic ◽

Marko Mitrovic

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Small Animal ◽

X Ray ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Important Diagnostic Tool ◽

Therapeutic Procedures ◽

Dental Diseases ◽

Systematic Development ◽

Insight Into

Dental diseases in dogs and cats are of increasing importance in veterinary practice. If not diagnosed and treated on time, they can significantly affect the quality of life and pet health as well. Roentgenography of orofacial system, as a part of veterinary dentistry, is an important diagnostic tool that provides insight into diseases and irregularities of the teeth, shows macrostructure of bone parts, and also may indicate the etiology and genesis of various pathological conditions of the teeth. The objective of this paper is to point out to most common pathologies which small animal veterinary dentistry daily meets, as well as to foster the systematic development in this area in order to find more quality to both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

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