Barbiturates: A Review of Synthesis and Antimicrobial Research Progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhvi ◽  
Divya Utreja ◽  
Shivali Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Barbituric Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Barbituric Acid Derivatives

Background: Barbituric acid and its derivatives have turned heads for several years as an indispensable class of compounds in the pharmaceutical industry because of their vast assortment of biological activities such as anticonvulsants, hypnotics, anti-diabetic, antiviral, anti-AIDS, anti-cancer, anti-microbial and anti-oxidant etc. Plethoras of studies have shed light on the properties, synthesis, and reactivity of these compounds. The depiction of multiple biological activities by barbiturates compelled us and by virtue of which herein we have mediated over the progress of synthesis of numerous kinds of compounds derived from barbituric acid with well-known and typical examples from 2016 to the present. Objective: The review focuses on the advancements in methods of synthesis of barbituric acid derivatives and their applications as antimicrobial agents. Conclusion: This review will help future researchers to analyze the previous studies and to explore new compounds for the development of efficient antimicrobial drugs.

A review on phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Sarfraz ◽  
Azhar Rasul ◽  
Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Shah ◽  
Bushra Nageen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Warm Temperate

: Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae) is a small decumbent and delicate appearing medicinal herb flourishing in warm temperate and tropical domains such as Pakistan and India. Main bioactive chemical constituents of Oxalis plant include several alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins along with steroids. Due to its polyphenolic, glycosides and flavonoid profile, it is proved to be protective in numerous ailments and exhibit various biological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective. Moreover, bioactive phytochemicals from this plant possess significant wound healing potential. Our current effort intends to emphasize on the immense significance of this plant species, which have not been the subject matter of clinical trials and effective pharmacological studies, even though its favored usage has been stated. This review proposes that Oxalis corniculata possess potential for the cure of various diseases, however, further researches on isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds along with pre-clinical trials are compulsory to figure out its pharmacological applications.

scholarly journals REVIEW: Organosulphure compound of garlic (Allium sativum L.) and its biological activities

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
UDHI EKO HERNAWAN ◽  
AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Urinary Infection ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Garlic has been used a long time ago as traditional medicines. The valuable bulb is used to treat hypertension, respiratory infection, headache, hemorrhoids, constipation, bruised injury or slice, insomnia, cholesterol, influenza, urinary infection, etc. Garlic bulbs can be used as anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, anti-cholesterol, anti-atheroschlerosis, anti-oxidant, anti-cell platelet aggregation, fibrinolyse spur, anti-viral, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer. The ultimate bioactive compound of garlic is organo-sulphure components, i.e. alliin, allicin, ajoene, allyl sulphide groups, and allyl cystein. There was not any report of any side effects or toxicity of garlic.

A Comprehensive Appraisal of Chalcones and Their Heterocyclic Analogs as Antimicrobial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 2755-2781
Author(s):  
Riddhi Salotra ◽  
Divya Utreja
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Heterocyclic Derivatives ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Microbial Potential ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Therapeutic Profile

Owing to the growing demand for compelling antimicrobial agents, chalcones and their heterocyclic derivatives have engrossed prodigious attention of medicinal chemists as an effective clinical template for the synthesis of such agents on account of their structural diversity and molecular flexibility. Chalcones are considered as a fortunate scaffold in the field of both synthetic as well as natural product chemistry. They are reflected as a remarkable section of logically occurring pharmacophores that possess a comprehensive scale of biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-viral and anti-inflammatory, rendering them with a high degree of assortment and noble therapeutic profile. They act as a crucial intermediate for the synthesis of novel heterocyclic skeletons holding biodynamic behavior. This review emphasizes on different aspects of chalcones including their natural sources, recent synthetic methodologies and evaluation of their anti-microbial potential. It is expected as a persuasive compilation on chalcones that may benefit the experts to design potent and less toxic chalcone referents as medicinal agents.

Chromone a Privileged Scaffold in Drug Discovery: Developments on the Synthesis and Bioactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjitha Theres Benny ◽  
Sonia D. Arikkatt ◽  
Cijo George Vazhappilly ◽  
Sathananthan Kannadasan ◽  
Renjan Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Materials Synthesis ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Drug Discovery Program

: Chromones are the class of secondary metabolites broadly occurred in the plant kingdom in a noticeable quantity. This rigid bicyclic system has been categorized “as privileged scaffolds in compounds” in medicinal chemistry. The wide biological responses made them an important moiety in a drug discovery program. This review provides updates on the various methods of synthesis of chromones and biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Various synthetic strategies for the construction of chromones include readily available phenols, salicylic acid and its derivatives, ynones, chalcones, enaminones, chalcones and 2-hydroxyarylalkylketones as starting materials. Synthesis of chromones by using metal, metal free, nanomaterials and different catalysts are included. Details of diverse biological activities such as anti-cancer agents, antimicrobial agents, anti-viral property, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, Monoamine Oxidase-B (MAO-B) Inhibitors, anti-Alzheimer’s agents, anti-diabetic agent, antihistaminic potential, antiplatelet agents of chromone derivatives are diecussed.

Medicinal Properties of Cinchona Alkaloids - A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Anubhav Dubey ◽  
Yatendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Cinchona Alkaloids ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Medicinal Properties

Cinchona which belongs to family Rubiaceae, got its importance from the centuries because of its anti- malarial activity. Alkaloids present in this herb, Quinine, Chichonine, Quinidine and Cinchonidine are the main, but percentage may vary in species to species. Since the early 17th century, these alkaloid are frequently used in Indian ayurvedic, sidha and traditional folk medicine to treating fever and Still now in modern medicine cinchona alkaloids are used for the treatment of malaria as well as for other diseases and became the well-known drug after the treatment of malaria caused by Plasmodium Sp. Literature study revealed that along with the antimalarial activity the cinchona alkaloids has other potentiality like anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial activity. These article reviews the biological activities of cinchona alkaloids along with its toxic effect.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Daidzein Glycosides, α-Tocopherol Glycosides, Hesperetin Glycosides by Bioconversion and Their Potential for Anti-Allergic Functional-Foods and Cosmetics

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (16) ◽  
pp. 2975
Author(s):  
Yuya Fujitaka ◽  
Hiroki Hamada ◽  
Daisuke Uesugi ◽  
Atsuhito Kuboki ◽  
Kei Shimoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Stability ◽  
Peritoneal Mast Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Poor Absorption ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Daidzein is a common isoflavone, having multiple biological effects such as anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, and anti-aging. α-Tocopherol is the tocopherol isoform with the highest vitamin E activity including anti-allergic activity and anti-cancer activity. Hesperetin is a flavone, which shows potent anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds have shortcomings, i.e., water-insolubility and poor absorption after oral administration. The glycosylation of bioactive compounds can enhance their water-solubility, physicochemical stability, intestinal absorption, and biological half-life, and improve their bio- and pharmacological properties. They were transformed by cultured Nicotiana tabacum cells to 7-β-glucoside and 7-β-gentiobioside of daidzein, and 3′- and 7-β-glucosides, 3′,7-β-diglucoside, and 7-β-gentiobioside of hesperetin. Daidzein and α-tocopherol were glycosylated by galactosylation with β-glucosidase to give 4′- and 7-β-galactosides of daidzein, which were new compounds, and α-tocopherol 6-β-galactoside. These nine glycosides showed higher anti-allergic activity, i.e., inhibitory activity toward histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells, than their respective aglycones. In addition, these glycosides showed higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the corresponding aglycones. Glycosylation of daidzein, α-tocopherol, and hesperetin greatly improved their biological activities.

scholarly journals Purification, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Activities of Exopolysaccharide Isolated From Leuconostoc mesenteroides SN-8

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junrui Wu ◽  
Danli Yan ◽  
Yumeng Liu ◽  
Xue Luo ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Glycosidic Bonds ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cancer Agent

In this study, a novel exopolysaccharide (EPS) was extracted from Leuconostoc mesenteroides Shen Nong’s (SN)-8 which can be obtained from Dajiang. After the purification step, EPS-8-2 was obtained with molecular weights of 1.46 × 105 Da. The structural characterization of EPS indicated that the EPS belonged to the class polysaccharide, mainly composed of glucan and also contained certain mannose residues that were found to be connected by α-1,6 glycosidic bonds. Moreover, the results demonstrated that EPS displayed a significant capacity to scavenge free radical to some extent, and this anti-oxidant potential was found to be concentration dependent. The results further revealed that EPS displayed a significant inhibitory potential on the growth of HepG2 cells by promoting apoptosis and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 and G2 phases. Overall, these results suggested that EPS can be explored as a possible anti-cancer agent.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON EXTRACTION OF ISOFLAVONES FROM SOYBEAN GERM

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4A) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Thi Hoa Vien
Keyword(s):  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Estrogenic Hormone ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Influent Factors ◽  
Optimized Conditions

Isoflavones in soybean including genistein, daidzein, glycitein and their acetyl and malonyl derivatives that have week estrogenic activity, so they are called phytoestrogen. There are many of papers publishing the research results about isoflavones from soybean seed and soybean sprout. They can balance estrogenic hormone and support woman to prevent menopause symptoms. Therefore, they have other precious biological activities such as anti - cancer, anti – oxidant and anti - osteomalacia. On the market, we can find many of functional foods of isoflavones from soybean seed and soybean sprout. Soybean germ is the part of soybean seed contains highest isoflavones, and the isoflavones content in soybean germ higher than that in the whole soybean seed about 5 times. In this paper, the total isoflavones were extracted from soybean germ. Five of influent factors on the isoflavone extraction are solvent concentration, extraction temperature, extraction time, extraction pH and the material/solvent ratio were optimized. The content of isoflavones in soybean germ material is from 1.8 to 2 percent. After extraction with optimized conditions, we obtain the total crude isoflavones extract that contains 3.8% of isoflavones.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION FOR VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF QUERCETIN

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (09) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
M. K Gadhwal ◽  
◽  
S. C Patil ◽  
P Dmello ◽  
U Joshi .
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Transition Metal Complexes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Cu Complex ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds with multiple biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The reduced bioavailability of flavonoids, however calls for structural modifications. Quercetin possesses multiple hydroxyl groups and an ability to chelate metal ions. Transition metal complexes have shown therapeutic promises in treatment of both inflammation and cancer. The present work describes synthesis of transition metal complexes of quercetin which resulted in the synthesis of the complexes of the type M2L which were characterized by IR and proton NMR. Although anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the quercetin-Cu complex was higher than quercetin, the anticancer activity of the quercetin-Zn complex was much higher. A mechanism of action for the same is proposed.

scholarly journals A Review ofOenanthe javanica(Blume) DC. as Traditional Medicinal Plant and Its Therapeutic Potential

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-li Lu ◽  
Xiu-fen Li
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Phytochemical Studies ◽  
Ethanol Elimination

Oenanthe javanica, popularly known as water dropwort, has long been used in various ethnomedical systems in Asia, especially in China, Korean, and Japan, for treating various chronic and acute hepatitis, jaundice, alcohol hangovers, abdominal pain, and inflammatory conditions. The present review aims to provide a general report of the available literature on traditional uses, phytochemical, pharmacological, nutritional, and toxicological data related to theO. javanicaas a potential source of new compounds with biological activities. Considering phytochemical studies, coumarins, flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides, organic acids, and polyphenols were the main classes of compounds identified in the whole plant which were correlated with their biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immune enhancement, ethanol elimination, antioxidant, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anticoagulant, anti-fatigue, hypoglycemic, cardiovascular protection, analgesic, and insecticidal activities.

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