Transcriptional and Non-Transcriptional Regulation of Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity through Vitamin D

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Alsadat Hosseini Khorami ◽  
Huzwah Khaza’ai
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Research Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

: Enormous progress in investigation of vitamin D currently being made from basic science to clinical medicine. The classic view of vitamin D function limited to calcium metabolism and bone homeostasis has undergone extensive revision and it has been revealed that vitamin D receptors exist in most tissues of the body. Nowadays, one of the most popular aspect of vitamin D in research area is its role in glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. The functional mechanism of vitamin D in metabolism includes genomic and rapid non-genomic actions which is expanded in this review. Briefly, the modulatory action of vitamin D in gene expression of insulin signaling compartments and secretion of insulin hormone may point to its role in pathogenesis and development of Type II diabetes. Vitamin D induced activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway is through PTEN-mediated AKT down regulation. Also, allelic variations in VDR and DBP might affect insulin secretion and diabetes occurrence. Vitamin D influences on insulin secretion from β-cell through calcium dependent endopeptidases which promotes the conversion of pro-insulin to insulin hence it can be declared that calcium and vitamin D are essential for insulin exocytosis. Hypovitaminosis D in obese individuals is also associated with higher levels of serum parathormone which this secondary hyperparathyroidism probably contributes to insulin resistance associated with obesity. Moreover, vitamin D is an immune modulator which may affect inflammation as a contributor of diabetes.

scholarly journals An Updated Mini Review of Vitamin D and Obesity: Adipogenesis and Inflammation State

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zujaja-Tul-Noor Hamid Mehmood ◽  
Dimitrios Papandreou
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
The Body ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positive Energy Balance ◽  
Relationship Of

Vitamin D related research continues to expand and theorise regarding its involvement in obesity, as both hypovitaminosis D and obesity strike in pandemic proportions. Vitamin D plays an important role in immune system through Vitamin D Receptors (VDR), which are transcription factors located abundantly in the body. Due to this characteristic, it is potentially linked to obesity, which is a state of inflammation involving the release of cytokines from adipose tissue, and exerting stress on other organs in a state of positive energy balance. Research trials in the past couple of years and systematic reviews from SCOPUS and MEDLINE will be discussed. The role of Vitamin D throughout the lifespan (from fetal imprinting until older age), and in various other obesity mediated chronic conditions shall be highlighted. Various mechanisms attributed to the inverse relationship of Vitamin D and obesity are discussed with research gaps identified, particularly the role of adipokines, epigenetics, calcium and type of adipose tissue.

Comprehensive Review on Diabetes Associated Cardiovascular Complications - The Vitamin D Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-153
Author(s):  
Y. Durgarao ◽  
Poornima A. Manjrekar ◽  
Prabha Adhikari ◽  
M. Chakrapani ◽  
M.S. Rukmini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

Vitamin D, a steroid hormone is primarily known for its role in calcium and bone mineral homeostasis. Over the years, vitamin D has been implicated in various non-skeletal diseases. The extraskeletal phenomenon can be attributed to the presence of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in almost all cells and identification of 1-α hydroxylase in extrarenal tissues. The vitamin D deficiency (VDD) pandemic was globally reported with increasing evidence and paralleled the prevalence of diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). A dependent link was proposed between hypovitaminosis D glycemic status, insulin resistance and also the other major factors associated with type 2 diabetes leading to CVDs. Insulin resistance plays a central role in both type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance syndrome. These 2 disorders are associated with distinct etiologies including hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and significant vascular abnormalities that could lead to endothelial dysfunction. Evidence from randomised clinical trials and meta-analysis, however, yielded conflicting results. This review summarizes the role of vitamin D in the regulation of glucose homeostasis with an emphasis on insulin resistance, blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, endothelial dysfunction and related cardiovascular diseases and also underline the plausible mechanisms for all the documented effects.

scholarly journals Insulin Resistance Is Inversely Associated with the Status of Vitamin D in Both Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Populations

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1742
Author(s):  
Shamaila Rafiq ◽  
Per Bendix Jeppesen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
The Status

Vitamin D has been implicated in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. We designed this study to provide evidence that insulin resistance is dependent on the concentration of vitamin D in the body. Forty observational studies of both type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and healthy subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Related articles were searched from Embase, PubMed, and Medline through January 2021. Filters for search were used to obtain more focused results. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3 for the construction of forest plots. RevMan software version 5.3 was used to build the risk of bias tables and summary plots. The observational studies included in this systematic review and meta-analysis showed an inverse relationship of insulin resistance with the status of vitamin D both in non-diabetic (r = −0.188; 95% CI = −0.141 to −0.234; p = 0.000) and diabetic (r = −0.255; 95% CI = −0.392 to −0.107, p = 0.001) populations. From the meta-analysis we concluded that hypovitaminosis D is related to increased levels of insulin resistance in both type 2 diabetes patients and the healthy population all over the world.

Vitamin D and sleep duration: Is there a bidirectional relationship?

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Mosavat ◽  
Aisling Smyth ◽  
Diana Arabiat ◽  
Lisa Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Sleep Length

AbstractVitamin D contributes to numerous physiological processes within the body but primarily calcium and bone homeostasis. Emerging evidence highlights a novel role for vitamin D in maintaining and regulating optimal sleep. Sleep is a known regulator of bone health, highlighting the interconnectedness between vitamin D concentrations, sleep duration and bone metabolism. It is possible that the relationship between sleep length and vitamin D is bidirectional, with vitamin D playing a role in sleep health and conversely, sleep affecting vitamin D levels. Nevertheless, limited information on the direction of the interaction is available, and much remains to be learned concerning the complex relationship between insufficient sleep duration and vitamin D deficiency. Given the potential to implement interventions to improve sleep and vitamin D supplementation, understanding this relationship further could represent a novel way to support and improve health.

scholarly journals Importance of the route of insulin delivery to its control of glucose metabolism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale S. Edgerton ◽  
Mary Courtney Moore ◽  
Justin M. Gregory ◽  
Guillaume Kraft ◽  
Alan D. Cherrington
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Pancreatic Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Glucose

Pancreatic insulin secretion produces an insulin gradient at the liver compared to the rest of the body (approximately 3:1). This physiologic distribution is lost when insulin is injected subcutaneously, causing impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production and whole body glucose uptake, as well as arterial hyperinsulinemia. Thus, the hepatoportal insulin gradient is essential to the normal control of glucose metabolism during both fasting and feeding. Insulin can regulate hepatic glucose production and uptake through multiple mechanisms, but its direct effects on the liver are dominant under physiologic conditions. Given the complications associated with iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia in patients treated with insulin, insulin designed to preferentially target the liver may have therapeutic advantages.

scholarly journals Association of vitamin D-binding protein and vitamin D3 with insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) in overweight and obese females

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Setayesh ◽  
Krista Casazza ◽  
Nariman Moradi ◽  
Sanaz Mehranfar ◽  
Habib Yarizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Objective Equivocal association the contribution of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and the well-accepted role of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) on bioavailability of 25(OH)D or its independent roles, has led to possible association of the VDBP in glucose metabolism. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationships among 25(OH)D, VDBP, glucose/insulin metabolism and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). Blood samples were collected from 236 obese and overweight women. VDBP and 25(OH)D levels, and biochemical parameters were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An impedance fat analyzer was utilized to acquire the body composition. Results Using the multivariate linear regression, a reverse relationship was observed between VDBP and (HOMA-IR), such that women with higher VDBP displayed lower insulin resistance. The relationship was independent of age, body mass index, standardized energy intake and physical activity (p = 0.00). No significant relationship between 25(OH)D levels, FBS, body composition or insulin resistance were observed (p > 0.2). Current study observed that higher level of VDBP may be associated with lower levels of insulin and HOMA-IR, thus the evaluation of VDBP in diverse population groups seems to have significant clinical value in evaluating the prevalence of DM or early stage of glucose intolerance.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance in an animal model of polycystic ovary disease is aggravated by vitamin D deficiency: Vascular consequences

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Hadjadj ◽  
Szabolcs Várbíró ◽  
Eszter Mária Horváth ◽  
Anna Monori-Kiss ◽  
Éva Pál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Coronary Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors

Hyperandrogenic state in females is accompanied with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and vascular pathologies. A total of 67%–85% of hyperandrogenic women suffer also from vitamin D deficiency. We aimed to check a potential interplay between hyperandrogenism and vitamin D deficiency in producing insulin resistance and effects on coronary resistance arteries. Adolescent female rats were divided into four groups, 11–12 animals in each. Transdermal testosterone-treated and vehicle-treated animals were kept either on vitamin D-deficient or on vitamin D-supplemented diet for 8 weeks. Plasma sexual steroid, insulin, leptin and vitamin D plasma levels were measured, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed. In coronary arterioles, insulin receptor and vitamin D receptor expressions were tested by immunohistochemistry, and insulin-induced relaxation was measured in vitro on isolated coronary resistance artery segments. Testosterone impaired glucose tolerance, and it diminished insulin relaxation but did not affect the expression of insulin and vitamin D receptors in vascular tissue. Vitamin D deficiency elevated postprandial insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance. It also diminished insulin-induced coronary arteriole relaxation, while it raised the expression of vitamin D and insulin receptors in the endothelial and medial layers. Our conclusion is that both hyperandrogenism and vitamin D deficiency reduce sensitivity of coronary vascular tissue to insulin, but they do it with different mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽  
Józef Drzewoski ◽  
Agnieszka Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The University ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.

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