Current Trends in the Detection of Biological Proteins and Immunological Assays using Graphene Quantum Dots

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi ◽  
Seyyed Alireza Hashemi ◽  
Sargol Mazraedoost ◽  
Ahmad Gholami ◽  
Khadije Yousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
Trace Detection ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immunological Assays ◽  
Enzyme Detection

Background: There is a vital need to advance a cheap, quick, and robust strategy to detect biological proteins since these biomolecules are regularly utilized as biomarkers responsible for diagnosing many diseases such as malignancies. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted extensive consideration of researchers in various fields because of their particular optical properties and extraordinary execution in photovoltaic gadgets, photocatalysis, and biological imaging. These nanomaterials adequately improve the sensor performance for their reproducibility, selectivity just as effectively. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) comprise discrete highlights, starting as attractive fluorophores and superb electro-impulses inferable from their photographic soundness, water-solvency, biocompatibility, non-poisonous quality, and making them an ideal contender for a wide range of new biomedical applications. Methods: All online published studies and online content related to the detection of biological proteins and immunological assays using graphene quantum dots from January 2000 to 2020 are reviewed. This review begins with a rundown of the new methodologies and various structures of graphene quantum dots. In the next step, the detailed description is followed on their applications in the fields of protein and immune detection for drug probing applications. Results: After providing a brief review for chemical and biological synthesis of GQD, in this review, we categorized the detection method of biological proteins using GQD into four main categories including, GQD fluorescence sensors for serum enzyme detection, ultra-trace detection of biological using GQDs, GQD-based immunological assays (immunosensors) especially for cancer and cardiac biomarkers, protein probing for theragnostic purposes. Conclusion: Through this review, we discuss the current trends and future application of graphene quantum dots and their role in proteins and other biomolecules detection, diagnosis in diseases, and their importance in theragnostic applications.

Microplasma Band Structure Engineering in Graphene Quantum Dots for Sensitive and Wide-Range pH Sensing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwin Kurniawan ◽  
Bai Amutha Anjali ◽  
Owen Setiawan ◽  
Kostya Ken Ostrikov ◽  
Yongchul G. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Band Structure ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Ph Sensing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structure Engineering

scholarly journals Carbon Based Nanodots in Early Diagnosis of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpal Singh ◽  
Harinder Kaur ◽  
Akanksha Sharma ◽  
Joga Singh ◽  
Hema Kumari Alajangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Based

Detection of cancer at an early stage is one of the principal factors associated with successful treatment outcome. However, current diagnostic methods are not capable of making sensitive and robust cancer diagnosis. Nanotechnology based products exhibit unique physical, optical and electrical properties that can be useful in diagnosis. These nanotech-enabled diagnostic representatives have proved to be generally more capable and consistent; as they selectively accumulated in the tumor site due to their miniscule size. This article rotates around the conventional imaging techniques, the use of carbon based nanodots viz Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), Nanodiamonds, Fullerene, and Carbon Nanotubes that have been synthesized in recent years, along with the discovery of a wide range of biomarkers to identify cancer at early stage. Early detection of cancer using nanoconstructs is anticipated to be a distinct reality in the coming years.

Gold nanoparticle-graphene quantum dots nanozyme for the wide range and sensitive electrochemical determination of quercetin in plasma droplets

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Stefanov ◽  
Catalina Cioates Negut ◽  
Livia Alexandra Dinu Gugoasa ◽  
Jacobus (Koos) Frederick van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Nanocomposites Applied in Electrochemical Sensors: A Recent Survey

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-519
Author(s):  
Murilo H. M. Facure ◽  
Rodrigo Schneider ◽  
Jessica B. S. Lima ◽  
Luiza A. Mercante ◽  
Daniel S. Correa
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Sensing Platforms ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
2D Nanomaterials

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been widely investigated in recent years due to their outstanding physicochemical properties. Their remarkable characteristics allied to their capability of being easily synthesized and combined with other materials have allowed their use as electrochemical sensing platforms. In this work, we survey recent applications of GQDs-based nanocomposites in electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Firstly, the main characteristics and synthesis methods of GQDs are addressed. Next, the strategies generally used to obtain the GQDs nanocomposites are discussed. Emphasis is given on the applications of GQDs combined with distinct 0D, 1D, 2D nanomaterials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), ionic liquids, as well as other types of materials, in varied electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detecting analytes of environmental, medical, and agricultural interest. We also discuss the current trends and challenges towards real applications of GQDs in electrochemical sensors.

scholarly journals Applications of Graphene Quantum Dots in Biomedical Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhargav D. Mansuriya ◽  
Zeynep Altintas
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Biomedical Sensors ◽  
Sensor Performance ◽  
Ultralow Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Photo Stability

Due to the proliferative cancer rates, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases and a plethora of infections across the globe, it is essential to introduce strategies that can rapidly and specifically detect the ultralow concentrations of relevant biomarkers, pathogens, toxins and pharmaceuticals in biological matrices. Considering these pathophysiologies, various research works have become necessary to fabricate biosensors for their early diagnosis and treatment, using nanomaterials like quantum dots (QDs). These nanomaterials effectively ameliorate the sensor performance with respect to their reproducibility, selectivity as well as sensitivity. In particular, graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are ideally graphene fragments of nanometer size, constitute discrete features such as acting as attractive fluorophores and excellent electro-catalysts owing to their photo-stability, water-solubility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and lucrativeness that make them favorable candidates for a wide range of novel biomedical applications. Herein, we reviewed about 300 biomedical studies reported over the last five years which entail the state of art as well as some pioneering ideas with respect to the prominent role of GQDs, especially in the development of optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors. Additionally, we outline the ideal properties of GQDs, their eclectic methods of synthesis, and the general principle behind several biosensing techniques.

scholarly journals TiO2–Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis in Energy and Biomedical Applications

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Anuja Bokare ◽  
Sowbaranigha Chinnusamy ◽  
Folarin Erogbogbo
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Multifunctional Nanocomposites ◽  
Energy Conversion Devices

The focus of current research in material science has shifted from “less efficient” single-component nanomaterials to the superior-performance, next-generation, multifunctional nanocomposites. TiO2 is a widely used benchmark photocatalyst with unique physicochemical properties. However, the large bandgap and massive recombination of photogenerated charge carriers limit its overall photocatalytic efficiency. When TiO2 nanoparticles are modified with graphene quantum dots (GQDs), some significant improvements can be achieved in terms of (i) broadening the light absorption wavelengths, (ii) design of active reaction sites, and (iii) control of the electron-hole (e−-h+) recombination. Accordingly, TiO2-GQDs nanocomposites exhibit promising multifunctionalities in a wide range of fields including, but not limited to, energy, biomedical aids, electronics, and flexible wearable sensors. This review presents some important aspects of TiO2-GQDs nanocomposites as photocatalysts in energy and biomedical applications. These include: (1) structural formulations and synthesis methods of TiO2-GQDs nanocomposites; (2) discourse about the mechanism behind the overall higher photoactivities of these nanocomposites; (3) various characterization techniques which can be used to judge the photocatalytic performance of these nanocomposites, and (4) the application of these nanocomposites in biomedical and energy conversion devices. Although some objectives have been achieved, new challenges still exist and hinder the widespread application of these nanocomposites. These challenges are briefly discussed in the Future Scope section of this review.

scholarly journals Photoinitiated Polymerization of Hydrogels by Graphene Quantum Dots

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169
Author(s):  
Yuna Kim ◽  
Jaekwang Song ◽  
Seong Chae Park ◽  
Minchul Ahn ◽  
Myung Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Dual Functions ◽  
Initiation Of Polymerization

As a smart stimulus-responsive material, hydrogel has been investigated extensively in many research fields. However, its mechanical brittleness and low strength have mattered, and conventional photoinitiators used during the polymerization steps exhibit high toxicity, which limits the use of hydrogels in the field of biomedical applications. Here, we address the dual functions of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), one to trigger the synthesis of hydrogel as photoinitiators and the other to improve the mechanical strength of the as-synthesized hydrogel. GQDs embedded in the network effectively generated radicals when exposed to sunlight, leading to the initiation of polymerization, and also played a significant role in improving the mechanical strength of the crosslinked chains. Thus, we expect that the resulting hydrogel incorporated with GQDs would enable a wide range of applications that require biocompatibility as well as higher mechanical strength, including novel hydrogel contact lenses and bioscaffolds for tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Carbon Quantum Dots: Properties, Fabrication Techniques, and Bio-Applications

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Rehan M. El-Shabasy ◽  
Mohamed Farouk Elsadek ◽  
Badreldin Mohamed Ahmed ◽  
Mohamed Fawzy Farahat ◽  
Khaled N. Mosleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Carbon dots have gained tremendous interest attributable to their unique features. Two approaches are involved in the fabrication of quantum dots (Top-down and Bottom-up). Most of the synthesis methods are usually multistep, required harsh conditions, and costly carbon sources that may have a toxic effect, therefore green synthesis is more preferable. Herein, the current review presents the green synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) that having a wide range of potential applications in bio-sensing, cellular imaging, and drug delivery. However, some drawbacks and limitations are still unclear. Other biomedical and biotechnological applications are also highlighted.

Anomalous fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching of graphene quantum dots by single walled carbon nanotubes

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 4527-4537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruma Das ◽  
Gone Rajender ◽  
P. K. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Fluorescence Quenching ◽  
Fluorescence Enhancement ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Quenching Effect ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

We explore the mechanism of the fluorescence enhancement and fluorescence quenching effect of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on highly fluorescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) over a wide range of concentrations of SWCNTs.

Preparation of Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Biological Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 337 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUN Xiao-Dan ◽  
LIU Zhong-Qun ◽  
YAN Hao
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Biological Applications
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